1 Bamber Gascoigne: ‘History of Somalia’: www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad20
2 Elri Liebenberg: ‘The Springboks in East Africa: The Role of 1 SA Survey Company (SAEC) in the East African Campaign of World War II, 1940-1941’, Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies, 2016.
3 www.enoughproject.org/blogs/somalia-colonialism-independencedictatorship-1840-1976.
4 Molly Zapata’s blog: ‘Somalia – Colonialism to Independence to Dictatorship 1840–1976’, posted 31 January, 2012.
1 Venter, Al J., The Chopper Boys: Helicopter Warfare in Africa, Casemate Publishers (US), Greenhill Books (UK), Southern Books (South Africa), 1994.
1 Bryce, Robert, ‘Man Versus Mine’, Foreign Affairs, The Atlantic Monthly, January/February, 2006.
2 UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia.
1 Jane’s Defence Weekly, London, posted online 13 March 2014. Hardcopy version in issue dated 19 March 2014.
2 There are several chapters that cover the late Arthur Walker’s role in these guerrilla struggles in the author’s book, War Dog: Fighting Other People’s Wars, published by Casemate in the US and UK in 2006. Walker succumbed to cancer in 2016.
1 Paz, Reuven, and Terdman, Moshe, Africa: The Gold Mine of Al-Qaeda and Global Jihad, The Project for the Research of Islamist Movements (PRISM) Vol. 4 (2006) No. 2 (June 2006). Abu Azzam al-Ansari: al-Qaeda tattajih nahwa Ifrikya (Al Qaeda is Moving to Africa) Sada al-Jihad, No. 7 (June 2006) pp 27–30.
2 Heaton, Laura, in Nairobi, and Hardham, Duncan, ‘Met Officers to Question Suspect in Kenya’: Daily Telegraph, London, 28 December 2011.
3 Abdi, Abdi, ‘The Talibanization of Somalia’, Ethiopian News Agency, 12 July 2006.
4 ‘Pentagon Captures High Level al-Qaeda Member in Somalia’, BBC News (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/67290.stm).
5 http://en-wikipedia.org/wike/Al-Qaeda_involvement_in_Africa.
6 ‘US Seeks Islamic Courts Help to Catch Somali Extremists’, Somaliland Times, 23 June 2006
7 Sen, Ashish Kumar, ‘Al-Qaeda Recruits in Africa’, Washington Times, 17 June 2010
8 Personal communications with individuals in London and Washington who do not wish to be identified.
9 Abdulsamed, Farah, Chatham House, ‘Somali Investment in Kenya’, Africa Program, March 2011 (AFP BP 2011/02).
10 US State Department: ‘Arms and Conflict in Africa’, Washington DC, 2005.
11 Meservey, Joshua, policy analyst, Africa and the Middle East at the Heritage Foundation and Lilley, Kelsey, associate director of the Atlantic Council’s Africa Centre in the United States, ‘Is the Coalition Fighting al-Shabaab Falling Apart?’
12 Amble, John, Letters to the Editor, Washington Post ‘The Challenge of al-Shabaab in Somalia’, 19 August 2013.