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Abrams, M. H., 162–63
advertising, 32, 86–87, 120, 132, 136, 142, 150–53, 192, 206, 208, 210–17, 229
Age of Spiritual Machines, The (Kurzweil), 48
Alfred A. Knopf, 109
and artificial intelligence, 35–36
and creativity, 76–77
development of, 63–67, 69, 188
suppress opinions, 177–78
and tech giants, 5, 7–8, 33, 37, 49–53, 90, 103, 132
uncovers patterns, 70–71, 73–74
See also specific corporations
Alphabet, 32, 198. See also Google
Amazon, 93, 168, 187, 205, 223–24
and algorithms, 70, 103, 106, 132, 160
avoids taxes, 195–98
deflates book prices, 90–91
disrupts book publishing, 101–6, 110, 119–20, 174
dominance of, 1, 4–5, 28, 78, 192
goals of, 1, 5, 82, 89, 122–23
low prices of, 91, 104, 132, 191, 196
manipulation of, 126
See also Kindle
antitrust laws, 81, 113, 120, 185, 188–92, 203–4
Apple, 2–3, 6, 19, 31, 81, 86, 89–90, 198
Arnold, Thurman, 189–92
artificial intelligence (AI), 2, 35–38, 44–47, 49, 51–52, 55
Associated Press (AP), 114–17, 121
authorship, 3, 156–64, 173–74, 176. See also writing profession
automation, 3, 62–68, 72, 76–77, 211, 231
Baron, Marty, 106
Baumol, William, 171–72
Belasco, Warren, 207
Bermuda, 197
avoids taxes, 195–97
buys Post, 94–95, 100–102, 106–7, 122
founds/runs Amazon, 79–81, 83, 91, 101–6
as gatekeeper, 94–95, 100–103, 106, 110
blind, the, 45–46
demise of, 224–25
dependent on Amazon, 174
disrupted by Amazon, 91, 93, 101–6, 110, 119–20
by media companies, 107, 109–10
and tech giants, 5, 55, 77–79, 86, 110, 121–22, 176–77
books, 218–19
digital, 91, 101–5, 173, 222–26
history of, 225–28
paper editions of, 91, 173, 223–29
scanned by Google, 52, 54–55, 86, 176–77
selling/buying of, 70, 78–82, 89, 91, 162, 213–14, 222–25
See also Amazon; Kindle
“Books v. Cigarettes” (Orwell), 213–14
Borah, William, 190
Bourdieu, Pierre, 218–19
Bowen, William, 171–72
Brand, Stewart, 12–25, 56, 87, 177, 205–7
Brandeis, Louis, 190–94, 203, 218
Brin, Sergey, 1, 37–38, 50, 52, 212
BuzzFeed, 74, 137–39, 145–48, 151–52
Calico, 53
Cecil lion story, 148
Ceruzzi, Paul, 16
Clinton administration, 203
code, 34, 58, 68, 73–74, 84, 200
Coleridge, Samuel, 163
collaboration, 2–3, 13, 26, 29, 156–57, 160
communal connection, 21–27, 55, 65, 177–79
with journalism, 144–45
in the marketplace, 84, 174, 178, 184, 188, 191–92, 231
and tech giants, 3, 12, 31, 55, 103
computer science, 22, 33–35, 42, 59, 68–71, 73–74, 80
computers, 8, 25, 38, 101, 109
and algorithms, 67–70, 74, 229
and cooperation/connection, 25–27
as copying machine, 85–86
and creativity, 76–77
early era of, 15–17, 20–22, 25–28, 33–34, 43–46, 57, 68, 74
and human transformation, 2, 13–14, 28, 33, 38
and neural networks, 52–53
progress in, 47–48
conformism, 5, 13, 60, 156, 178, 206, 208, 231
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, 200
copyright laws, 84–85, 90, 157–60, 163–66
counterculture, 12–24, 56, 205–8
Cowley, Malcolm, 169
creativity, 76–77, 85, 101, 105, 156–62, 173, 230
Credit Suisse, 152–53
CrowdTangle, 147
culture
definition of, 218–20
Dallas Morning News, 196
collection of, 8, 33, 69, 83, 186–87, 200, 211, 224, 229
exploitation of, 82–83, 123–25, 200, 229
ownership of, 200–201
patterns in, 69–71, 75–76, 187, 231
protection of, 200–204
tracking of, 82, 138, 145, 171, 187, 201, 224, 230
See also algorithms; surveillance (of users)
DeepMind, 53
Denton, Nick, 146
Diamandis, Peter, 48
Dickens, Charles, 164–65
disruptive agents, 59, 93, 101, 176, 199. See also specific names
Doctorow, Cory, 85–86
dot-com crash, 185–86
Economist, 191
Engelbart, Doug, 20–21
engineers, 13, 16, 21–22, 45, 83
and editorial process, 106, 155
at Google, 50, 52–53, 55, 124–25
write algorithms, 73–75
England, 43–44, 115, 164–66, 168, 213–14
Enlightenment, 161–62, 218, 230
entertainment industry, 86, 107–8, 158
environment, 4, 17, 200, 204, 223
Epstein, Jason, 173
Facebook, 14, 30, 93, 102, 205, 221
and advertising, 210–11
and algorithms, 5, 7, 63, 69, 72–75, 90, 177–78
avoids taxes, 197
and copyright, 166
dominance of, 4–5, 29, 78, 81–82, 192
experiments on users, 74–77
“Filter Bubble” of, 177–79
goals/projects of, 1–2, 5, 72–73, 89
and journalism, 131–32
managed top-down, 56–57
manipulation of, 126
and the media, 6–7, 74, 90, 92, 140, 150, 155
and politics, 123
Facebook’s News Feed, 72–75, 160
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 108, 125–26, 185, 201
Federal Trade Commission, 121, 198, 203
Fischer, Steven Roger, 226–27
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 167–68
Folklore of Capitalism, The (Arnold), 189
food movement, 4–5, 205–9, 217
free will, 3, 77, 229. See also individualism
gatekeepers (of knowledge), 5, 92, 94–102, 106, 110, 126, 201, 221
Gawker, 146
genius, 156–57, 160–64, 168, 179
Geraci, Robert, 48–49
Goffman, Erving, 216
abuses of, 124–26
acquires companies, 30–31
and advertising, 210–12
and algorithms, 7, 33, 37, 49–53, 69, 71–72, 90, 132
avoids taxes, 197
and copyright, 159–60
dominance of, 3–5, 28, 78, 81, 91, 187, 192
goals/projects of, 1–2, 5, 27, 32–33, 37–39, 42, 50–54, 89
and Internet media, 6–7, 87, 90
and journalism, 131–32, 150, 174
uploads books, 52, 54–55, 86, 176–77
Graham, Don, 59, 95, 98, 100–102, 106
Graham family, 94–95, 97–98, 108
Graham, Katharine, 98–99
Graham, Philip, 98–100
Grant, Ulysses S., 113
Harvard, 7, 57–58, 60, 71, 123, 134, 157, 168
Hayes, Rutherford B., 115–16, 141
Hinton, Geoff, 53
hive mind, 178–79
Hoffman, Reid, 160
Home Depot, 197–98
Hoover, Herbert, 62
Houghton Library (Harvard), 168
Howells, William Dean, 167
Hughes, Chris, 7–8, 117–18, 120, 133–38, 140, 152–55, 171
individualism, 2–3, 19, 25, 56, 60, 161, 204, 230
Information Rules (Varian), 188
intellectual property, 3, 8, 55, 82, 84–86, 90–91, 105, 195–96
Intercept, The, 198
Internet, 5, 20, 28, 32, 78, 175
and advertising, 210–12
and bookselling, 79–81
as copying machine, 85–86
early era of, 159–60
free resources of, 86–88, 90, 210–11, 217
journalism, 6–8, 87, 151, 169–70
and knowledge boom, 81–82, 88–89
and mechanical thinking, 67
and the media, 109, 140–41, 145
and tax avoidance, 195–98
iPod, 89–90
iTunes, 89–90
Jefferson, Thomas, 11, 81, 190, 230
Jobs, Steve, 18, 20, 22, 66, 89
Johnson, Lyndon, 99–100
journalists/journalism, 21, 75, 84, 115, 135, 175, 205, 220
and algorithms, 76–77
and audience/readership, 137–50
and “branded content,” 150–53
and data profusion, 148–50
dependent on tech giants, 131–33, 141, 148–49, 155
disrupted by tech giants, 5, 8, 77
and “snackable content,” 140–41
and web traffic, 137–41, 144–50, 154–55
See also magazines; newspaper industry
Kay, Alan, 21
Kazin, Alfred, 169
Kelly, Kevin, 27, 87, 176–78, 224
Kennedy, Anthony, 202
Kesey, Ken, 14
Kipling, Rudyard, 165
Kleinberg, Jon, 73–74
boom in, 81–83
collapse of value, 78–79, 84, 86, 89, 157, 170
global database/network of, 33, 69, 177, 184
massive storing of, 55, 69, 82, 88
monopoly of, 81–82, 85, 88–89, 111, 120–21, 126
production/consumption of, 4–5, 72–73, 88, 90–91, 93
and tech giants, 78, 89, 170, 183
Kundera, Milan, 228–29
Kurzweil, Ray, 45–49, 51–53. See also singularity, the
Lanier, Jaron, 49
Leibniz, Gottfried, 64–67, 177
libertarianism, 2, 19, 23, 30, 161, 183, 204
Liberty and the News (Lippmann), 142–43
Licklider, J.C.R., 26
Lincoln, Abraham, 112
LinkedIn, 160
Linux, 26–27
Lippmann, Walter, 97, 142–43, 219
Logical Computing Machine, 43
Luce, Henry, 219
Luxembourg, 196–97
Macintosh, 22
Macmillan, 105
Madison, James, 84–85
magazines, 18, 34, 103, 149, 214–15
and advertising, 136, 153, 210–11, 216–17
on Internet, 6, 87, 135–37, 145, 148, 169–70, 210, 217
revenue of, 86–87, 90, 136, 210, 216–17
weakened by tech giants, 78–79, 210–11
writers of, 134, 166–67, 173, 176, 211, 219
See also specific titles
Marlow, Cameron, 74–75
math/mathematicians, 1, 42, 44, 64, 66–69, 74, 76, 137–38
McCarthy, John, 49
mechanical thinking, 67–68, 72, 76–77
media, 2–3, 5, 49, 59, 174–75, 220–21, 231
and advertising, 150–53, 210–13
audience of, 211–13
consolidation of, 107–10
dependent on tech giants, 131–33, 148–49
manipulation of, 114–17
revenue sources of, 210–13
traditional, 6–7, 74, 78–79, 86–91, 119, 153
weakened by Internet, 89–92, 107, 109
and web traffic, 132, 136–37, 144–50, 211–12
See also journalists/journalism; magazines; newspaper industry
Meyer, Eugene, 98
Microsoft, 1–2, 5–6, 28, 51, 87, 157, 203–4
Milner, Marius, 124–25
Mitchell, John, 99
criticism of, 5, 11, 28, 183–84
historical debate on, 188–92
and media companies, 108, 113–17
of music industry, 89–90
and politics, 113–15
of tech giants, 1–3, 11–12, 14, 16, 20, 51, 78, 110, 119, 183, 186, 188, 194–95, 229
value of, 29–31
See also knowledge: monopoly of
Morgan, J. P., 29
Morse, Samuel, 112
Moskovitz, Dustin, 60
Musk, Elon, 33
National Science Foundation, 184
Negroponte, Nicholas, 224–25
New Republic, 7–8, 117–20, 133–38, 140–45, 152–55, 168–71
New York, 93, 101–4, 118, 134, 155, 158, 214–15
New York Review of Books, 134
New York Times, 6, 49, 74, 102, 116, 120, 122, 141, 146–48, 151, 153, 167, 211–12, 217
New York Times Magazine, 176
and advertising, 210–11
and editorial vs. advertising, 150–53
editors of, 96–98, 100, 106, 116
and “gatekeeping,” 95–100, 102–3, 106
history of, 141–44
print editions of, 212–13, 229
and pursuit of profit, 147, 149–50, 154–55
weakened by tech, 78–79, 107–9, 155
See also Associated Press (AP); journalists/journalism; specific titles
Norvig, Peter, 53
Obama, Barack, 123–24, 149, 190, 198–99
Obama, Michelle, 208
originality, 156–57, 159, 161, 163–64, 178–79
Orwell, George, 213–14
Page, Carl Jr., 34
Page, Carl Sr., 33–37
Page, Larry, 1, 33–35, 37–39, 49–55, 72, 212
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 21–22
Performing Arts: The Economic Dilemma (Baumol and Bowen), 171–72
political
liberty, 230–31
Pollan, Michael, 209
populism, 93–94, 102, 157, 192
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, The (Goffman), 216
printing press, 162
privacy, 3, 8, 25, 77, 125, 183–84, 188, 193, 200–203, 230–31
programmers, 20, 34, 67–68, 71, 124–25
Propaganda (Bernays), 215
radio, 24, 109, 112, 153, 201, 203, 219
Random House, 109
regulation, 82, 108–9, 113, 121, 183–85, 194, 198–204
Rolling Stone, 21–22
Romer, Paul, 84
Rosenberg, Jonathan, 90
Russia, 199. See also Soviet Union
San Francisco, 12, 14–15, 21, 23, 35
Savio, Mario, 15
Schmidt, Eric, 31, 51–52, 123–24, 187
search engines, 5, 50, 55, 69, 71, 82, 89, 125, 187, 212. See also Google
Second Self, The (Turkle), 36
Securities and Exchange Commission, 50
Shakespeare, William, 161–62, 165
Shaw, David, 80
Shawn, William, 217
Shirky, Clay, 160
Simon, Herbert, 88
Simon & Schuster, 215
singularity, the, 46–49, 51–55
Smith, Adam, 83
Smith, William Henry, 115–17
Snowden, Edward, 124
social media, 6–8, 26, 28–29, 32, 56, 123–25, 137–38, 145, 148, 160, 178, 224, 231. See also Facebook; Google; Twitter
Starting Out in the Thirties (Kazin), 169
Steyer, Tom, 152–53
subscriptions, 7, 86–87, 90, 98, 210, 212–13, 217, 219
Sullivan, Andrew, 151
surveillance (of users), 25, 57, 188, 193–94, 199–201, 229
tax avoidance, 121, 152, 195–99
Taylor, Frederick, 193
technology
network of, 2–3, 24–28, 31–32, 69, 177–79
abuses of, 8, 78–79, 90–91, 111–12, 124–27
criticism of, 121, 222–28, 231–32
dependence on, 131–33
dominance of, 1, 3–5, 8, 121, 187–89, 195, 202–3, 231
positive aspect of, 78
power of, 67, 72, 74–77, 81–83, 89–92, 94, 106, 110–12, 126–27, 131–32, 231–32
worldview of, 2–3
See also specific corporations
television, 1, 17, 24, 84, 137, 206, 208, 219
consolidation of, 107–10
subliminal messages on, 125–26
Texas, 196
Thiel, Peter, 30
Tilden, Samuel, 116
Time-Life, 109
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 219
Topolsky, Joshua, 148
Torvalds, Linus, 27
transparency, 60, 111, 125–27, 212
Trump, Donald, 7, 30, 92–93, 149, 217, 221
Turkle, Sherry, 36
Turner, Fred, 20
Uber, 132
University of California, 15–16, 83, 207
Upworthy, 138–39
U.S. Defense Department, 16, 20, 184
U.S. government, 82, 154, 170, 194
and antitrust laws, 120–21, 190
and protecting privacy, 200–203
and regulating Internet, 183–85, 229
and regulating media, 108–9, 125–26
and regulating tech giants, 125, 203–4
U.S. Justice Department, 109, 121, 185, 189–90
U.S. Supreme Court, 108, 190, 192–93, 202
Vail, Theodore, 29
Varian, Hal, 188
Veblen, Thorstein, 62
Vice, 145
Vidra, Guy, 118–19
virtual reality, 49
Walmart, 1, 79, 191, 197–98, 208
Warren, Elizabeth, 200
Washington Post, 87, 94–102, 106–7, 122, 139–41, 145
Waters, Alice, 207–8
and advertising, 150–53, 210–11
headlines of, 138–41, 145, 211
sites on, 71, 80, 85–86, 101, 135–37, 146, 151–52, 160, 169
traffic on, 132, 136–41, 144–50, 154–55, 171, 211–12
White, Byron, 108
White, David Manning, 96–97
Whitman, Walt, 165
Whole Earth Catalog, 18–21, 23, 205–6
Wilson, Woodrow, 142, 190, 215
Wolff, Michael, 211–12
Wordsworth, William, 163–64
writing profession, 146, 217, 221
and Amazon, 102, 104–6, 119, 121–22
and “branded content,” 151–52
compensation for, 102, 163–76, 210
decaying of, 5, 55, 157, 170, 174–75, 210–11
description of, 172–76
in England, 164–66
history of, 101, 161–68, 175–76
and New Republic, 134, 136–37, 144, 169
Wu, Tim, 186
Zero to One (Thiel), 30
Zittrain, Jonathan, 123
Zuckerberg, Mark, 7, 72, 92, 123
on Facebook goals, 60–61, 81–82
and hackers, 57–60
philosophies of, 59–60, 63, 76
rebellious years of, 57–59