The Buddha’s Medicine Travels to Thailand
In Thailand there is a legendary tale about a group of monks who relocated a large clay Buddha in Bangkok. To the great horror of the monks, the giant idol was accidentally dropped during the move and came crashing loudly to the ground. When the head monk returned later that night to inspect the damage, he noticed a crack in the side of the statue. As he shined his flashlight on the damaged area, the monk was startled to see a bright reflection gleaming out of the crack. Using a chisel and hammer, the curious monk began to chip away at the clay; with each chip the gleam grew brighter and bigger.
After hours of labor the monk found himself face to face with a glimmering Buddha made of solid gold. Following an investigation it was discovered that the treasure had been camouflaged in clay during the Burmese invasions to disguise its significant value. The golden Buddha now resides in Bangkok in Wat Traimit, the Temple of the Golden Buddha.
Like this golden Buddha, each and every one of us has an inner beauty of infinite value. Revealing the golden Buddha nature within is the true purpose of both Ayurveda and Thai Yoga Therapy, sister sciences in the venerable traditions of the East.
Ayurveda and Thai Yoga Therapy share a common historical lineage that dates back to the beginnings of Vedic philosophy some five thousand years ago. At around this time the guiding principles of Ayurveda and the entire Vedic system were revealed to the great sages of ancient India. From these insights came a profound theory of creation known as Samkhya philosophy, which is the base of Ayurveda, yoga, and Thai Yoga Massage.
According to this theory, the universe is created through a cause-and-effect exchange between two primary forces: Purusha, or unmanifested energy, and Prakruti, or matter. Purusha is pure consciousness that witnesses the act of creation, while Prakruti is the feminine energy that makes all creation possible.
Out of the celestial dance between these forces comes the collective form of cosmic intelligence known as Mahad. The moment the understanding of self is differentiated from the collective intelligence of Mahad, the ego of Ahamkara is born. The concept of “I” emerges as the individual self becomes the center of consciousness.
Samkhya philosophy, the theoretical foundation of Ayurveda, yoga, and Thai Yoga Massage, contemplates the journey of consciousness into matter.
It is only through the ego that the three creative forces of the gunas can be perceived and experienced. Each physical manifestation that we experience in our everyday lives is composed of some combination of the three gunas: sattva, rajas, and tamas. The sattva guna is the subtle energy of cognition that forms the mind, the senses, and the motor pathways of the body. The tamas guna is the gross force that creates the five great elements of earth, air, fire, water, and ether, and the rajas guna is the vital force that activates the other two gunas.
The concept of truth, or san, is at the core of Samkhya philosophy. Each step along the path of self-awareness brings us closer to being reunited with the divine consciousness of the universe, to experiencing the full potential of our being in this lifetime. As we better understand the Samkhya concept of truth in our daily lives, we begin to observe the interconnectedness of all beings. This is particularly important to our work as healers. The less entrenched we are in the ego of Ahamkara, for example, the more we can focus on the true needs, concerns, and dreams of those around us. When we connect with the divine intelligence of Mahad, our lives and healing practices become full of compassion and loving-kindness.
The aim of Ayurveda is to reveal the true nature of oneself, not only in terms of our particular body type, but as interconnected with the overall divine consciousness of the universe.
The comprehensive medical system known as Ayurveda has been practiced in India for several centuries. The word Ayurveda literally means “the science of life” (ayur, “life,” and veda, “science”). This ancient system offers a sophisticated understanding of preventive health practices and long-term wellness based on an individualized approach to body types.
The first written record of Ayurveda can be found in the Rig Veda (c. 3000 BCE), the most ancient of the four scriptures that form the backbone of Vedic philosophy. The oldest known song in the world, the Rig Veda describes the medicinal uses of many Ayurvedic herbs and mantras. This volume speaks of three main Ayurvedic “powers,” the first reference to the principle of the three doshas of vata, pitta, and kapha. The fourth Veda, Artharva Veda, dates back to around 2000 BCE and contains the most detailed information on Ayurveda, with instruction in the use of mantras, medicinal plants, and therapeutic gems. Within the discipline of Ayurveda, the Artharva Veda is known as the most crucial of the four Vedas, as it contains direct information pertaining to the practice of Ayurveda.
Several important treatises appeared between 400 BCE and 500 AD to form the basis of modern-day Ayurveda. The most celebrated works from this period were written by the three great Ayurvedic physicians Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhatta. Charaka composed the first of these texts, Charaka Samhita, which is widely acknowledged as the basis of modern Ayurveda. Still used extensively, this voluminous work concentrates on internal medicine and the use of diet and herbs for healing. Sushruta Samhita, titled after the great Ayurvedic physician Sushruta, appeared several decades later and focuses on the practice of Ayurvedic surgery. Astanga Hridaya, the third of the great classical texts, was written by Vagbhatta as a concise compilation of the two earlier texts. These three works remain the primary textbooks for Ayurvedic study in India to the present day.
During the third century BCE, Ayurveda experienced a period of vitalization under the leadership of Emperor Ashoka. Ashoka was a famous Hindu warrior who renounced violence for the teachings of the Buddha and opened the way for the proliferation of Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia. Central to the Buddha’s teachings is the alleviation of all suffering, including physical illness. When the Buddhist monks migrated overseas to export the teachings of the Buddha, their Ayurvedic medical practices went with them. Ayurveda subsequently became an established healing practice in the countries of Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Burma as Buddhism spread throughout the East.
The medicinal system of Ayurveda laid the foundation for many highly respected Eastern healing practices. The relationship between Ayurveda and Thai Yoga Massage dates back to the fifth century BCE in India, during the time of the Buddha. A famous story from this period tells of a student in northern India who was given a final question as part of his examination to become an Ayurvedic physician. Five graduating students were asked to roam within a few miles’ radius of the school and to come back with a product of nature void of any medicinal value. The students returned, one by one, and each presented his findings—a human skull, poison, a rock, and a fish carcass. After some time the fifth student returned, declaring, “Sir, I cannot find anything that is not of medicinal value!” Everything that he encountered in the forest, to his thinking, had some therapeutic value. It was only this student who passed the exam, illustrating the Ayurvedic principle that everything around us can and should be used for healing purposes.
The illustrious student in this anecdote was Jivaka Kumarbhaccha, who went on to become the venerated physician to the Buddha and the founding father of the healing art of Thai Yoga Massage. Jivaka was born some time around the fifth century BCE and was said to have been abandoned by his mother, who placed the newborn infant in a wooden box in a rubbish heap beside the road. Later that same day Prince Abhaya, a son of King Bimbisara, discovered the baby and, moved by compassion, decided to raise Jivaka as his adopted son. It was through this fortunate event that Jivaka grew to become a famous royal physician in the court of Bimbisara of Magadha, whose kingdom was in northern India.
Tales about Jivaka’s medical feats and cures can be found in almost all versions of Buddhist scripture. He was so renowned that many joined the Buddhist community in Magadha just to be availed of his teachings. Although Jivaka never actually traveled to Thailand, his teachings became the foundation of traditional Thai massage when they were transported to Southeast Asia with the spread of Buddhist Indian culture. In many temples throughout Thailand, a shrine is dedicated to Jivaka as a central figure in Thai medical and traditional massage practices. Thai massage healers often open the day with a chant in honor of Jivaka to draw insight from his healing spirit.
Over the centuries Ayurveda has assimilated into the predominant Thai culture, evolving into a distinctive folk medicine. Traditional Thai massage, or nuad boran, is often used in combination with Ayurvedic herbal steam baths, hot compresses, and herbal concoctions. Many practitioners of traditional Thai medicine may not actually use the term Ayurveda in defining their work, but the connection to this ancient system is clearly evident in their practices and nomenclature.
Similar to its Indian predecessor, Thai Ayurveda focuses on the circulation of prana, the vital energy that makes all life possible. Pranic energy—or lom pran, as it is called in Thai—is key to achieving optimal balance and health according to both systems. Thai and Indian Ayurveda are both based on the elements theory and share common linguistic references in this regard. For example, the Thai terms vayo (wind) and apo (water) can be compared to the Sanskrit words vayu and apas of the same meaning. Another interesting connection between the healing traditions of India and Thailand is the practice of ruesri dut ton, a form of yoga that developed in Thailand many centuries ago. It is believed that this system was developed by the religious Thai hermits known as the ruesris, whose title bears a striking resemblance to the prophetic rishis of India.
Through the generations Thai Ayurveda has been orally passed down as a folk medicine in villages across Thailand. In contrast to its Indian counterpart, there is little written documentation of the historic development of Ayurveda in Thailand. Furthermore, due to the prevalence of Chinese culture and a native village shamanic practice within Thailand, Thai Ayurveda has taken on an ecumenical flavor of its own. A unique folk medicine that is indigenous to Thailand has resulted.
Through time the science and practice of traditional Indian Ayurveda in Thailand has been diluted, reduced to mostly pharmaceutical purposes, with little reference to its profound theoretical foundations. However, more recently Thai Ayurveda has experienced renewed interest and is beginning to appear in modern facilities such as the Phuket Hospital in southern Thailand and in health spas and tourist sites. The Thai health community is expressing a growing desire to reconnect with Ayurveda and several organizations have been established for this specific purpose. With the rapidly growing popularity of Thai massage in Thailand and around the world, many students and practitioners seek a deeper understanding of the therapeutic roots underlying this dynamic and effective massage form.
The method of bodywork that we have developed, Lotus Palm Thai Yoga Therapy, is so named for the integration of Thai Yoga Massage with its ancient Ayurvedic roots. For many, Ayurveda can be highly conceptual and sometimes hard to grasp, yet when experienced firsthand through the physical body, this profound science is grounded and more easily digested. Each Thai Yoga Therapy session becomes a customized treatment tailored to a person’s unique Ayurvedic body type; in this way, Thai massage is transformed into a vehicle for channeling the foundational wisdom of Ayurveda. Using an Ayurvedic constitutional assessment and designing follow-up sessions in concert with the client, the therapist learns more about each client. A stronger client-therapist allance is formed, encouraging greater healing potential.
The founding father of Thai Yoga Massage dedicated his life to healing others through Ayurveda, massage, and the Buddhist virtues of loving-kindness and compassion. By reuniting traditional Ayurveda and Thai Yoga Massage, we hope to bring out the depth of healing potential unveiled centuries ago by Jivaka. May you carry these teachings in the spirit of divine connection and humble gratitude with which they are shared.
