CHAPTER 5

0.     We distinctly remember hearing this piece of commentary on a TV show in the wake of the coin-flip incident, but we have been unable to find a transcript of the show online. Our apologies to the witty and sadly anonymous commentator.

0.     Stephen Quinn, “Gold, Silver, and the Glorious Revolution: Arbitrage Between Bills of Exchange and Bullion,” The Economic History Review 49, no. 3 (1996): 479–90.

0.     Thomas Levenson, Newton and the Counterfeiter (Boston: Mariner Books, 2010), 626–63.

0.     John Craig, Newton at the Mint (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1946), 6–7.

0.     Ming-hsun Li, The Great Recoinage of 1696 to 1699 (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1963), 47.

0.     Levenson, Newton and the Counterfeiter, 137–38.

0.     Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II, Volume 1 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1856), 187.

0.     Details of the inspection process used in the Trial of the Pyx are described in: Stephen M. Stigler, Statistics on the Table (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), 386–89.

0.     Ibid., 389–90.

0.   John Craig, The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 212, emphasis added.

0.   Ibid., 104.

0.   Stigler, Statistics on the Table, 391.

0.   Craig, Newton at the Mint, 12–14.

0.   Levenson, Newton and the Counterfeiter, 139–41.

0.   Ibid., 141–44.

0.   The Great Recoinage is judged by economic historians to have been a failure as monetary policy. The point we’re making here is simply that it was successful as an industrial undertaking, quite apart from its economic effects.

0.   Craig, Newton at the Mint, 48–49.

0.   Ibid., 23.

0.   David A. Schweidel, Profiting from the Data Economy: Understanding the Roles of Consumers, Innovators and Regulators in a Data-Driven World (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson FT Press, 2014), 81.

0.   Ibid., 82; Accenture white paper, “City of New York: Using Data Analytics to Achieve Greater Efficiency and Cost Savings,” 2013, https://www.accenture.com/t20150624T211456Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/Accenture/Conversion-Assets/DotCom/Documents/Global/PDF/Technology_7/Accenture-Data-Analytics-Helps-New-York-City-Boost-Efficiency-Spend-Wisely.pdf.

0.   Patrick McGeehan, Russ Buettner, and David W. Chen, “Beneath Cities, a Decaying Tangle of Gas Pipes,” New York Times, March 23, 2014, A1.

0.   2016 Federal Reserve Payments Study, https://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/2016-payment-study.htm.

0.   Michael Morisy, “How PayPal Boosts Security with Artificial Intelligence,” MIT Technology Review, January 25, 2016, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/545631/how-paypal-boosts-security-with-artificial-intelligence/.

0.   “Brooklyn Nets’ Jeremy Lin on New Partnership,” television interview on Squawk Box, CNBC, February 8, 2017, http://video.cnbc.com/gallery/?video=3000591640.

0.   James Ham, “Kings Add New Stat Guru Luke Bornn to Front Office,” NBC Sports, April 20, 2017, http://www.csnbayarea.com/kings/kings-add-new-stat-guru-luke-bornn-front-office.

0.   Alexander Franks, Andrew Miller, Luke Bornn, and Kirk Goldsberry, “Counterpoints: Advanced Defensive Metrics for NBA Basketball,” paper presented at the 9th Annual MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, 2015, http://www.lukebornn.com/papers/franks_ssac_2015.pdf.

0.   “Brooklyn Nets’ Jeremy Lin on New Partnership,” television interview on Squawk Box, CNBC, February 8, 2017, http://video.cnbc.com/gallery/?video=3000591640.