NOTESNOTES

INTRODUCTION

1.    S. D. Toussaint, “Acts,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 423.

2.    Udo Schnelle, Apostle Paul: His Life and Theology, trans. M. E. Boring (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2012), 384.

3.    John B. Polhill, Acts (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), vol. 26, 484.

CHAPTER 1: IN DEFENSE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

1.    Sidney Greidanus, Preaching Christ from Ecclesiastes: Foundations for Expository Sermons (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 48.

2.    John Blanchard, The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, NY; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 42.

3.    Thomas S. Kepler, ed., The Table Talk of Martin Luther (Mineola, NY: Dover, 2005), 197.

4.    Roy E. Gingrich, Old Testament Survey (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2001), 4.

5.    Biblical theology, as distinguished from systematic theology, is the study of the Bible focusing on what the biblical writers, under divine guidance, believed, described, and taught in the context of their times. Walter A. Elwell, in Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1996). It is “that branch of theological science which deals systematically with the historically conditioned progress of self-revelation of God as deposited in the Bible,” Charles C. Ryrie, Biblical Theology of the New Testament (Chicago, IL: Moody, 1959), 12. See also the helpful brief discussion in Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1986), 14. Systematic theology can be defined as “any study that answers the question, ‘What does the whole Bible teach us today?’ about any given topic. This definition indicates that systematic theology involves collecting and understanding all the relevant passages in the Bible on various topics and then summarizing their teachings clearly so that we know what to believe about each topic.” Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: InterVarsity Press; Zondervan Publishing House, 2004), 21.

6.    L. R. Helyer, The Witness of Jesus, Paul and John: An Exploration in Biblical Theology (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2008), 40.

7.    Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 13.

8.    John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 36.

9.    Eugene H. Merrill, Everlasting Dominion (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2006).

10.  R. B. Zuck, Basic Bible Interpretation: A Practical Guide to Discovering Biblical Truth (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1991), 251.

11.  Carl F. H. Henry, Revelation and the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1958), 137–51.

12.  Zuck, Basic Bible Interpretation, 251.

13.  Ray C. Stedman, “God Spoke in Time Past,” RayStedman.org, December 1, 1963.

14.  Stephen Charnock, The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock (Edinburgh; London; Dublin: James Nichol; James Nisbet and Co.; W. Robertson; G. Herbert, 1864–1866), vol. 2, 7–8.

15.  Vern S. Poythress, The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ: P & R Publishing, 1991), 4–5.

16.  John F. MacArthur Jr., “The Glory of the New Covenant (1994),” John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 2014).

17.  Eugene H. Merrill, Everlasting Dominion (Nashville, TN: B&H, 2006).

18.  Robert A. Morey, How the Old and New Testaments Relate to Each Other (Las Vegas, NV: Christian Scholars Press, 2002), 13–14.

19.  J. D. Hannah, “Exodus,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 140; Norman Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), 236.

20.  Kenneth Boa and Robert M. Bowman Jr., An Unchanging Faith in a Changing World: Understanding and Responding to Critical Issues that Christians Face Today (Nashville, TN: Oliver Nelson, 1997), 261.

21.  Hans K. LaRondelle and Jon Paulien, The Bible Jesus Interpreted (Loma Linda, CA: Jon Paulien, 2014), 39.

22.  Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, in P. Schaff, ed., M. Dods, trans., St. Augustin’s City of God and Christian Doctrine (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1887), vol. 2, 326.

23.  Philip Schaff, ed., Saint Augustin: Anti-Pelagian Writings (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1887), vol. 5, 35.

24.  LaRondelle and Paulien, The Bible Jesus Interpreted, 39.

25.  Ibid.

26.  Vern S. Poythress, The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ: P & R Publishing, 1991), 7.

27.  Ibid.

28.  Ray C. Stedman, Adventuring through the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 2011), Kindle locations 441–463.

29.  Ibid.

30.  Graeme Goldsworthy in his foreword to Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).

31.  Readers sometimes infer that this passage means God cannot be moved in prayer. The Faithlife Study Bible assures us, however, that this text doesn’t imply that God cannot change His mind—as there are many examples in Scripture of Him doing so. Rather, it means that God will not change something He has decreed or promised. His Word, in other words, is totally reliable and dependable. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012), notes for Num. 23:19. Other scholars, however, have a different view. See Got Questions Ministries, “Does God Change His Mind?,” Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010). For another view see Walter C. Kaiser et al., Hard Sayings of the Bible (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1996), 108–9. Finally, my friend Frank Turek observes that the Bible is written from an observational perspective. So when we see God relenting from judging Israel after Moses pleads with God (Exodus 32:14), it’s not that God is literally changing His mind. From our perspective it appears that way. But since God is all knowing, He always knew Moses would pray and that He wouldn’t judge Israel. Similarly, the Bible says that the sun rises and sets. Even though we know that’s not literally true, we use the same observational language today.

32.  Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).

33.  John Blanchard, The Complete Gathered Gold: A Treasury of Quotations for Christians (Webster, New York; Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2006), 43.

34.  L. A. Barbieri Jr., “Matthew,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 30.

35.  F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988), 28.

36.  Ravi Zacharias, Deliver Us From Evil, Restoring the Soul in a Disintegrating Culture (Nashville, TN: W Publishing Group, A Division of Thomas Nelson Inc., 1997), 47–48.

37.  Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 11.

CHAPTER 2: OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY: OVERVIEW

1.    Cited by J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1960), vol. 2, 8.

2.    D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones, The Gospel in Genesis: From Fig Leaves to Faith (P. Leominster) (Wheaton, IL: Day One Publications, 2010), 5.

3.    Graeme Goldsworthy, Preaching the Whole Bible as Christian Scripture: The Application of Biblical Theology to Expository Preaching (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2000), 27.

4.    John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).

5.    Marsha A. Ellis Smith, June Swann, Trent C. Butler, Christopher L. Church, and David S. Dockery, Holman Book of Biblical Charts, Maps, and Reconstructions (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), 31–32.

6.    Goldsworthy, Preaching the Whole Bible, 27.

7.    Bruce K. Waltke, with Charles Yu, An Old Testament Theology: An Exegetical, Canonical, and Thematic Approach (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), 133.

8.    Alfred Edersheim, Bible History: Old Testament (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Bible Software, 1997; originally published 1876–1877), vol. 4, 2.

9.    Ismael E. Amaya, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society (1971): 14, 68.

10.  George Eldon Ladd, “The Saving Acts of God,” Christianity Today, January 30, 1961.

11.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), xii.

12.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 866.

13.  Ibid.

14.  P. J. Achtemeier, “Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature,” in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row, 1985), 166.

15.  Richard Bauckham, “Reading Scripture as a Coherent Story,” in Ellen F. Davis and Richard. B. Hays, eds., The Art of Reading Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003), 41–42.

16.  Ibid., 42.

17.  C. I. Scofield, The Scofield Reference Bible: The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments (New York; London; Toronto; Melbourne; Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1917), v.

18.  I prepared these summaries by reviewing these biblical books, consulting the introductions of the books in the ESV Bible, The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001), and the summaries of the books in other sources, including Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006); Tremper Longman III and Raymond B. Dillard, An Introduction to the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007); Kendell Easley, Holman QuickSource Guide to Understanding the Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2002), and many others.

CHAPTER 3: OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY: CREATION THROUGH THE UNITED KINGDOM

1.    Alfred Edersheim, Bible History: Old Testament (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Bible Software, 1997; originally published 1876–1877), vol. 1, x.

2.    Paul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament (Revised) (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1993), 18–20.

3.    Jason D. DeRouchie, ed., What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared about: A Survey of Jesus’ Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2013), 32.

4.    Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), vol. 1, 448.

5.    Samuel J. Schultz and Gary V. Smith, Exploring the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2001), 12; H. I. Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History: A Study of the Old Testament, rev. ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1962), 67.

6.    Wilbur Fields, Old Testament History: An Overview of Sacred History & Truth (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 1996), 14.

7.    Gary Staats, A Brief Survey through the Hebrew Scriptures: Viewing the Basic Overall Themes and Different High Points of the Books from an Ancient Near-Eastern and Christological Approach, M. Johnson, ed. (Dr. Gary Staats, 2012), 5–6.

8.    Lawrence O. Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1987), 17. Richards’ timeline dates the beginning of the Time of Judges to 1367 BC, creating a twenty-three-year gap between the Conquest of Canaan and the Time of Judges. This seems to be a mistake, since on page 176 he says the Time of Judges began in 1390 BC, which would eliminate the gap. Additionally, though he dates the end of the Babylonian Captivity at 538 BC, I have also included a possible end date of 516 BC, which is cited by many other scholars.

9.    Martin Lloyd-Jones, God the Father, God the Son (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1996), 228; G. W. Bromiley, “Atonement,” in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 1, 353.

10.  Richard P. Belcher Jr., Genesis, The Beginning of God’s Plan of Salvation (Scotland, UK: Christian Focus Publications Ltd., 2012), 51–52.

11.  Ibid., 52.

12.  Kenneth A. Mathews, Genesis 1–11:26 (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), vol. 1A, 160.

13.  Roy E. Gingrich, Old Testament Survey (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2001), 4.

14.  G. Campbell Morgan, The Analyzed Bible: Genesis to Esther (New York; Chicago; Toronto; London; Edinburgh: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1907), vol. 1, 18.

15.  See the treatment of this subject in Richard P. Belcher Jr., Genesis, The Beginning of God’s Plan of Salvation (Scotland, UK: Christian Focus Publications Ltd., 2012), 112.

16.  John Peter Lange, Tayler Lewis, and A. Gosman, A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Genesis (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008), 460, 472, 578.

17.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 10.

18.  G. Campbell Morgan, Living Messages of the Books of the Bible: Old Testament (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1908), vol. 1, 32–33.

19.  Roy B. Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1991), 13.

20.  R. L. Harris, S. J. Schultz, G. V. Smith, and W. M. Dunnett, Exploring the Bible: A Guide to the Old and New Testaments (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2002).

21.  Ibid.

22.  A. T. Shearman and J. Heading, eds., Day by Day in the Psalms (West Glamorgan, UK: Precious Seed, 1986), 315.

23.  Bruce Wilkinson and Kenneth Boa, Talk thru the Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1983), 457.

24.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 24.

25.  James E. Smith, The Pentateuch, 2nd ed. (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co.: 1993); Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 22.

26.  Tremper Longman III, Introducing the Old Testament: A Short Guide to Its History and Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2012), 32.

27.  Charles Dyer, Eugene Merrill, Charles R. Swindoll, and Roy B. Zuck, Nelson’s Old Testament Survey: Discover the Background, Theology and Meaning of Every Book in the Old Testament (Nashville, TN: Word, 2001), 161.

28.  Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson, in Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2005), 132; C. G. Libolt, “Canaan,” in Geoffrey W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 1, 587.

29.  John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012); David Noel et al., eds., in The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), vol. 1, 831; Schultz and Smith, Exploring the Old Testament, 49. Note that a different source—Gingrich, Old Testament Survey, 9—says that Ashtoreth was Baal’s wife.

30.  William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic W. Bush, Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company), 152.

31.  George Ernest Wright and Floyd V. Filson, eds., Westminster Historical Atlas of the Bible (Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press, 1956), 34.

32.  Schultz and Smith, Exploring the Old Testament, 49.

33.  Eugene H. Merrill, Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), 111.

34.  Douglas Redford, The History of Israel (Cincinnati, OH: Standard Publishing, 2008), vol. 2, 9.

35.  Longman, Introducing the Old Testament, 41–42.

36.  Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History, 155.

37.  James E. Smith, The Books of History (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1995).

38.  Redford, The History of Israel, vol. 2, 33–34.

39.  Gingrich, Old Testament Survey, 30.

40.  Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History, 155.

41.  Redford, The History of Israel, vol. 2, 35.

42.  Gingrich, Old Testament Survey, 32.

43.  J. W. Reed, “Ruth,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 415.

44.  Jack W. Hayford et al., eds., New Spirit-Filled Life Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Bibles, 2002), 350.

45.  LaSor, Hubbard, and Bush, Old Testament Survey, 165.

46.  Ibid., 168.

47.  Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan, 2004), 624.

48.  J. Knox Chamblin, Matthew: A Mentor Commentary (Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2010), 130.

49.  James E. Smith, The College Press NIV Commentary, 1 & 2 Samuel (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co, 2000), 138.

50.  Gingrich, Old Testament Survey, 32.

51.  Schultz and Smith, Exploring the Old Testament, 57.

52.  Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History, 165.

53.  Ibid.

54.  Eugene H. Merrill, in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 430.

55.  Harris, Schultz, Smith, and Dunnett, Exploring the Bible.

56.  Ibid.

57.  Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), vol. 7, 172.

58.  Eugene H. Merrill, “1 Samuel,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 449.

59.  Fields, Old Testament History, 417.

60.  Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, 118.

61.  Craig A. Blaising and Darrell L. Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1993), 166.

62.  Eugene H. Merrill, “2 Samuel,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 464.

63.  R. E. Clements, “The Messianic Hope in the Old Testament,” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 43 (1989), 12.

64.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 76.

65.  Ibid.

66.  Dyer, Merrill, Swindoll, and Zuck, Nelson’s Old Testament Survey, 241.

67.  Ibid., 253.

68.  Ryken et al., in Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 849.

69.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 88.

CHAPTER 4: OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY: DIVIDED KINGDOM THROUGH RESTORATION

1.    R. L. Drouhard, “Agriculture,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014).

2.    Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 89.

3.    Wilbur Fields, Old Testament History: An Overview of Sacred History & Truth (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 1996), 503–4.

4.    Lawrence O. Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1987), 278.

5.    Ibid., 255.

6.    Dale R. Davis, 2 Kings: The Power and the Fury (Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2005), 32.

7.    John G. Butler, Elisha: The Miracle Prophet (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 1994), vol. 4, 38.

8.    Fields, Old Testament History, 539.

9.    William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic W. Bush, Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company), 205.

10.  Frank E. Gaebelin et al., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1988), vol. 4, 176.

11.  LaSor, Hubbard, and Bush, Old Testament Survey, 205.

12.  R. L. Harris, S. J. Schultz, G. V. Smith, and W. M. Dunnett, Exploring the Bible: A Guide to the Old and New Testaments (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2002).

13.  James E. Smith, The Books of History (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1995).

14.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 93.

15.  Fields, Old Testament History, 577.

16.  Lord Byron, incidentally, describes Sennacherib’s defeat in his poem “The Destruction of Sennacherib.”

17.  John Peter Lange et al., A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Jeremiah (Bellingham, WA: 2008), 1.

18.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 689.

19.  T. L. Constable, “2 Kings,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 581; Dale R. Davis, 2 Kings: The Power and the Fury (Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2005), 316; D. Slager, Preface, in P. Clarke, S. Brown, L. Dorn, and D. Slager, eds., A Handbook on 1 & 2 Kings (New York: United Bible Societies, 2008), vols. 1–2, 1,264.

20.  T. L. Constable, “2 Kings,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 581, and Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 689.

21.  J. L. Nuelsen Orr, E. Y. Mullins, and M. O. Evans, eds., in The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, vols. 1–5 (Chicago, IL: The Howard-Severance Company, 1915), 571.

22.  T. L. Constable, “2 Kings,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vols. 1, 585.

23.  J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 2, 117.

24.  Roy E. Gingrich, Old Testament Survey (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2001), 4.

25.  James E. Smith, Bible History Made Simple (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2009), 103.

26.  James Luther Mays, ed., Harper’s Bible Commentary (San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row, 1988), 607.

27.  Alfred Edersheim, Bible History: Old Testament (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Bible Software, 1997; originally published 1876–1877), vol. 7, 211.

28.  D. F. Morgan, “Captivity,” in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 1, 614.

29.  Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary, 292.

30.  Ibid., 293.

31.  Ibid.

32.  C. H. Dyer, “Ezekiel,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 1,224.

33.  H. I. Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History: A Study of the Old Testament, rev. ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1962), 252.

34.  Lamar Eugene Cooper Sr., Ezekiel, vol. 17, in The New American Commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 75.

35.  P. A. Beaulieu, “History of Israel 6: Babylonian Period,” in B. T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson, eds., Dictionary of the Old Testament: Historical Books (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2005).

36.  Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), vol. 1, 734.

37.  Francis Ernest Gigot, Outlines of Jewish History (New York; Cincinnati; Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1918), 306.

38.  Elwell and Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, vol. 1, 734.

39.  Dr. Foakes-Jackson, Biblical History of the Hebrews, 316, in J. L. Nuelsen Orr, E. Y. Mullins, and M. O. Evans, eds., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, vols. 1–5 (Chicago, IL: The Howard-Severance Company, 1915), 574.

40.  T. Nicol, in Orr, Mullins, and Evans, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 574.

41.  Gingrich, Old Testament Survey, 47; Gigot, Outlines of Jewish History, 308; Paul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament (Revised) (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1993), 135; The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

42.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

43.  Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary, 291.

44.  Paul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament (Revised) (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1993), 136.

45.  John F. Walvoord, The Prophecy Knowledge Handbook (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1990), 147.

46.  F. B. Huey Jr., Jeremiah, Lamentations (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), vol. 16, 370.

47.  Bruce K. Waltke, An Old Testament Theology: An Exegetical, Canonical, and Thematic Approach (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), 775.

48.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 105.

49.  Roy E. Gingrich, Old Testament Survey (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2001), 47; Francis Ernest Gigot, Outlines of Jewish History (New York; Cincinnati; Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1918), 48.

50.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 106.

51.  G. A. Getz, “Nehemiah,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 673.

CHAPTER 5: ALL ROADS LEAD TO CHRIST: BIBLICAL COVENANTS, PART 1

1.    W. Graham Scroggie, The Unfolding Drama of Redemption (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1976), vol. 1, 30.

2.    Graham Scroggie quoted in Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 12.

3.    Roy E. Gingrich, Old Testament Survey (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2001), 4.

4.    Norman L. Geisler, To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus: The Bible Student’s Guide to the Bible’s Central Theme (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1979), 89.

5.    Ray Comfort, The Evidence Bible: Irrefutable Evidence for the Thinking Mind (Gainesville, FL: Bridge-Logos, 2003), 142.

6.    Geisler, To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus, 89.

7.    James E. Smith, Bible History Made Simple (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2009), 10.

8.    Ibid.

9.    Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 23.

10.  Geisler, To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus, 7.

11.  Scroggie, The Unfolding Drama of Redemption, 31.

12.  Walter C. Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 19.

13.  Walter C. Kaiser, The Messiah in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1995), 29.

14.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 19.

15.  Kaiser, The Messiah in the Old Testament, 136.

16.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 19.

17.  Ibid., 18.

18.  Kaiser, The Messiah in the Old Testament, 137.

19.  Ibid.

20.  Larry Richards, Every Promise in the Bible (Nashville, TN: T. Nelson Publishers, 1998), 5.

21.  O. Palmer Robertson, The Christ of the Covenants (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1980), 17.

22.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 24.

23.  Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan, 2004), 515.

24.  Ibid.

25.  Simon J. Kistemaker and W. Hendriksen, Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 19, 231.

26.  Douglas Stuart, Exodus (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2006), vol. 2, 171–72.

27.  Paul S. Karleen, The Handbook to Bible Study: With a Guide to the Scofield Study System (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 318, 35.

28.  Jason D. DeRouchie, ed., What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared about: A Survey of Jesus’ Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2013), 32.

29.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 24.

30.  Hans K. LaRondelle and Jon Paulie, The Bible Jesus Interpreted (Loma Linda, CA: Jon Paulien, 2014), 82.

31.  Ibid., 83.

32.  Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology, rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1994), 345.

33.  Grudem, Systematic Theology, 522.

34.  Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Bible Study Collection (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1983), vol. 1, 5.

35.  Lewis Sperry Chafer, in Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1993), vol. 7, 112; some scholars, however, argue that God was referring only to spiritual death, not physical death, as Adam’s death is gradual, not immediate. See, e.g., Grudem, Systematic Theology, 516.

36.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

37.  Sung Wook Chung, “Toward the Reformed and Covenantal Theology of Premillennialism: A Proposal,” in C. L. Blomberg, ed., A Case for Historic Premillennialism: An Alternative to “Left Behind” Eschatology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2009), 141–42.

38.  Robertson, The Christ of the Covenants, 93.

39.  Dwight J. Pentecost, Thy Kingdom Come: Tracing God’s Kingdom Program and Covenant Promises throughout History (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1995), 45.

40.  C. I. Scofield, What Do the Prophets Say? (Philadelphia, PA: The Sunday School Times Company, 1918), 29.

41.  C. I. Scofield, The Scofield Reference Bible: The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments (New York; London; Toronto; Melbourne; Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1917), 16; Scofield, What Do the Prophets Say?, 29.

42.  J. Gordon McConville, and Stephen N. Williams, Joshua (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 143.

43.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 127.

44.  Ibid., 129.

45.  Scofield, The Scofield Reference Bible, 1,298.

46.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 129.

47.  Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).

48.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 141.

49.  Craig A. Blaising and Darrell L. Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1993), 189.

50.  William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, A. Farstad, ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 41.

51.  John F. Walvoord, “Millennial Series,” Bibliotheca Sacra (1951–1952): 109, 38–40.

52.  Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Bible Study Collection, vol. 21, 16.

53.  William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic W. Bush, Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company), 47.

54.  Blaising and Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism, 141–43.

55.  Ibid., 141–42.

56.  Roy B. Zuck et al., A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1991), 32.

57.  Michael Lawrence, Biblical Theology in the Life of the Church: A Guide for Ministry (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010), 60.

58.  Zuck et al., A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, 33.

59.  The text of the covenant is set out in Exodus 20:1–23:33. But the curses and blessings set forth in Leviticus 26 and later in Deuteronomy 28:1–68 are also part of the covenant. See Zuck et al., A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, 35.

60.  Zuck et al., A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, 12–13.

61.  Paul P. Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1989), 57; Charles Fred Lincoln, The Biblical Covenants, Part 2, Bibliotheca Sacra, 1943, 100:448.

62.  J. Vernon McGee, Through the Bible with J. Vernon McGee, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1997), vol. 1, 406.

63.  Fruchtenbaum, The Messianic Bible Study Collection, vol. 21, 18.

64.  Vern S. Poythress, The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ: P & R Publishing, 1991), 43.

65.  David M. Howard, “The Historical Books,” in John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).

66.  Paul R. Williamson, Sealed with an Oath (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007), 94.

67.  Blaising and Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism, 151.

68.  Charles Spurgeon, “What Is the Purpose of the Law?,” in Ray Comfort, The Evidence Bible: Irrefutable Evidence for the Thinking Mind, K. Cameron, ed. (Orlando, FL: Bridge-Logos, 2003), 1,528.

69.  Charles Spurgeon, “The Function of the Law?,” in Comfort, The Evidence Bible, 1528.

70.  Ralph H. Alexander, Ezekiel (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1976), 60.

71.  Jason D. DeRouchie, ed., What the Old Testament Authors Really Cared about: A Survey of Jesus’ Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2013), 33; Scofield, The Scofield Reference Bible, 1,298.

72.  Norman Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), 516–17.

73.  Ibid., 517.

74.  Walter C. Kaiser in Stanley N. Gundry, ed., Five Views on Law and Gospel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999), 177.

CHAPTER 6: ALL ROADS LEAD TO CHRIST: BIBLICAL COVENANTS, PART 2

1.    Larry D. Pettegrew, “The New Covenant,” Master’s Seminary Journal (Fall 1999): 10, no. 2, 250.

2.    C. I. Scofield, The Scofield Reference Bible: The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments (New York; London; Toronto; Melbourne; Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1917), 1,298.

3.    Ibid., 250.

4.    Walter C. Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 93.

5.    Eugene H. Merrill, Deuteronomy (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), vol. 4, 354.

6.    William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, A. Farstad, ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 42.

7.    Dwight J. Pentecost, Things to Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology (Grand Rapids, MI: Dunham Publishing Company, 1958), 97.

8.    Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology, rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1994), 50.

9.    Paul P. Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1989), 59.

10.  Josh McDowell and Don Stewart, Answers to Tough Questions (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1993).

11.  Tony Evans, “Prophecy, God’s Eternal Drama, ‘The Key to Prophecy,’” TonyEvans.org, 8.

12.  S. Hahn, “Covenant,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014).

13.  C. I. Scofield, What Do the Prophets Say? (Philadelphia, PA: The Sunday School Times Company, 1918), 59.

14.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 700.

15.  Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1994), 462.

16.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 761.

17.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 554.

18.  Gordon H. Johnston, “Messianic Trajectories in God’s Covenant Promise to David,” in Jesus the Messiah: Tracing the Promises, Expectations, and Coming of Israel’s King (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2012), 68.

19.  David Murray, Jesus on Every Page: 10 Simple Ways to Seek and Find Christ in the Old Testament (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2013).

20.  John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).

21.  Hahn, “Covenant,” in Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.

22.  Craig A. Evans and Peter W. Flint, eds., Eschatology, Messianism, and the Dead Sea Scrolls (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), 1–2.

23.  G. Lanier, “Davidic Covenant,” in John D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014).

24.  J. Daniel Hays et al., in Dictionary of Biblical Prophecy and End Times (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2007), 109.

25.  William David Reyburn and Euan McGregor Fry, A Handbook on Genesis (New York: United Bible Societies, 1998), 1,083.

26.  Gordon H. Johnston, “Messianic Trajectories in Genesis and Numbers,” in Jesus the Messiah: Tracing the Promises, Expectations, and Coming of Israel’s King (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2012), 40–41.

27.  Allen C. Myers, in The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 121.

28.  D. Stuart Briscoe and L. J. Ogilvie, Genesis (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1987), vol. 1, 385.

29.  Eugene H. Merrill, “Numbers,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 244.

30.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 42.

31.  Carl F. H. Henry, God, Revelation, and Authority (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1999), vol. 3, 257–58.

32.  T. H. Home, Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures (New York: R. Carter and Brothers, 1858), 1:37.

33.  R. Schultz, “Hearing the Major Prophets: ‘Your Ears Are Open, but You Hear Nothing’ (Isa. 42:20),” in C. G. Bartholomew and D. J. H. Beldman, eds., Hearing the Old Testament: Listening for God’s Address (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012), 340; Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 200.

34.  Bruce A. Baker, “Israel and the Church: The Transcendental Distinction within the Dispensational Tradition,” Baptist Bible College Journal of Ministry and Theology (2004): 8, no. 2, 56; The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

35.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, 43.

36.  Renald E. Showers, There Really Is a Difference!: A Comparison of Covenant and Dispensational Theology (Bellmawr, NJ: The Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, Inc., 1990).

37.  Norman Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), 519.

38.  Roy B. Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1991), 355.

39.  Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan, 2004), 522.

40.  J. I. Packer, Concise Theology: A Guide to Historic Christian Beliefs (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1993).

41.  Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1997), 370.

42.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 201.

43.  Walter C. Kaiser, in Stanley N. Gundry, ed., Five Views on Law and Gospel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999), 178.

44.  Wayne Strickland, quoted in Stanley N. Gundry, ed., Five Views on Law and Gospel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1999), 295.

45.  Robert H. Mounce, Romans (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), vol. 27, 165.

46.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 201.

47.  Rev. H. D. Spence, ed., Galatians (London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1909), 166.

48.  O. Palmer Robertson, The Christ of the Covenants (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co., 1980), 272.

49.  Hahn, “Covenant,” in Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.

50.  Craig A. Blaising and Darrell L. Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1993), 175.

51.  Hahn, “Covenant,” in Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary.

52.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

53.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 393.

54.  Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Israelology: The Missing Link in Systematic Theology, rev. ed. (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1994), 354.

55.  Showers, There Really Is a Difference!

56.  Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four, 500.

57.  Showers, There Really Is a Difference!

58.  Ibid.

59.  Ibid.

60.  Blaising and Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism, 200.

61.  Showers, There Really Is a Difference!

62.  Ibid.

63.  Blaising and Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism, 200; Showers, There Really Is a Difference!

64.  Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four, 524.

65.  Showers, There Really Is a Difference!

66.  Robertson, The Christ of the Covenants, 272–73.

67.  Ibid., 51–52.

CHAPTER 7: ALL ROADS LEAD TO CHRIST: PORTRAITS, OFFICES, CREATION, AND SALVATION

1.    Iain M. Duguid and Matthew P. Harmon, Living in the Light of Inextinguishable Hope: The Gospel According to Joseph, I. M. Duguid, ed. (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), x.

2.    Michael P. Barrett, Beginning at Moses: A Guide to Finding Christ in the Old Testament (Greenville, SC; Belfast, Northern Ireland: Ambassador-Emerald International, 2001), 13.

3.    Ibid.

4.    Kurt Strassner, Hints and Signs of the Coming King: Pictures of Jesus in the Old Testament, 1st ed. (Leominster: Day One, 2010), 8.

5.    J. Sidlow Baxter, The Master Theme of the Bible (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1973).

6.    David Limbaugh, Jesus on Trial: A Lawyer Affirms the Truth of the Gospel (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2014), 334.

7.    R. C. Sproul, Can I Trust the Bible? (Lake Mary, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing, 2009), vol. 2, 16.

8.    Sidney Greidanus, Preaching Christ from Ecclesiastes: Foundations for Expository Sermons (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 25.

9.    Baxter, The Master Theme of the Bible, 20.

10.  Ibid.

11.  Duguid and Harmon, Living in the Light of Inextinguishable Hope, 8.

12.  W. Standord Reid, in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 1, 653.

13.  Ibid.

14.  Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan, 2004), 624.

15.  J. A. Groves, Foreword, in Tremper Longman III and J. A. Groves, eds., Immanuel in Our Place: Seeing Christ in Israel’s Worship (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2001), 119.

16.  W. Graham Scroggie, The Unfolding Drama of Redemption (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1976), vol. 1, 30.

17.  Walter A. Elwell, in Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1996).

18.  Richard D. Phillips, Hebrews, R. D. Phillips, P. G. Ryken, and D. M. Doriani, eds. (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2006), 17.

19.  Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 292.

20.  Eusebius of Caesaria, “The Church History of Eusebius,” in P. Schaff and H. Wace, eds., A. C. McGiffert, trans., Eusebius: Church History, Life of Constantine the Great, and Oration in Praise of Constantine (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1890), vol. 1, 86.

21.  W. Standord Reid, in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 1, 653.

22.  Jack S. Deere, “Deuteronomy,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 323.

23.  Bruce Demarest, The Cross and Salvation: The Doctrine of Salvation (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1997), 183.

24.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2,522.

25.  See the helpful chart on the Biblical Descriptions of Atonement in Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2,523.

26.  Carl F. H. Henry, God, Revelation, and Authority (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1999), vol. 3, 59.

27.  Charles W. Carter, “The Epistle to the Hebrews,” in Hebrews-Revelation (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1966), vol. 6, 16.

28.  Thomas C. Oden, The Living God: Systematic Theology, Vol. I. (San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992), 248.

29.  Ibid.

30.  Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Fathers of the English Dominican Province, Trans. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009), STh., I q.45 a.6 ad 2.

31.  Oden, The Living God: Systematic Theology, Vol. I., 247.

32.  David J. MacLeod, “The Creation of the Universe by the Word: John: 1:3–5,” Bibliotheca Sacra, 2003, vol. 160, n. 638, 189.

33.  John M. Dillon, “Providence,” in D. N. Freedman, ed., The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), vol. 5, 520.

34.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 49.

35.  Ibid.

36.  Donald Williams and L. J. Ogilvie, Psalms 1–72 (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc, 1986), vol. 13, 523.

37.  “The doctrine of salvation (is) the branch of systematic theology that deals with the work of Christ the redeemer, and its application to the elect by the Holy Spirit”—also known as “soteriology.” Alan Cairns, in Dictionary of Theological Terms (Belfast; Greenville, SC: Ambassador Emerald International, 2002), 425; see also Samuel Macauley Jackson, ed., in The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge: Embracing Biblical, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical Theology and Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Biography from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, vols. 1–12 (New York; London: Funk & Wagnalls, 1908–1914), vol. 3, 49.

38.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 56.

39.  Ibid., 57.

40.  Ibid.

41.  Ibid., 59.

42.  Leon Morris, “Hebrews,” in F. E. Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Hebrews through Revelation (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1981), vol. 12, 126.

43.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 61.

44.  David K. Lowery, “1 Corinthians,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 526.

45.  Simon J. Kistemaker and William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 18, 325.

CHAPTER 8: ALL ROADS LEAD TO CHRIST: TITLES, CHRISTOPHANIES, TYPOLOGY, PROPHECY, AND ANALOGY

1.    Iain M. Duguid and Matthew P. Harmon, Living in the Light of Inextinguishable Hope: The Gospel According to Joseph, I. M. Duguid, ed. (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), x.

2.    John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 36.

3.    Ibid., 37.

4.    Ibid., 38.

5.    Loraine Boettner, Studies in Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company, 1947), 151.

6.    Allen C. Myers, in The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 997.

7.    James Oliver Buswell Jr., A Systematic Theology of the Christian Religion, 2 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1962), 1:33.

8.    James A. Borland, Christ in the Old Testament (Fearn, UK: Christian Focus Publications, 1999), 19.

9.    Ibid.

10.  Buswell, A Systematic Theology of the Christian Religion, 2 vols., 1:33.

11.  F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone, eds., in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed. rev. (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 1,617.

12.  Michael P. Barrett, Beginning at Moses: A Guide to Finding Christ in the Old Testament (Greenville, SC; Belfast, Northern Ireland: Ambassador-Emerald International, 2001), 146.

13.  Ibid., 154.

14.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 51–52.

15.  Barrett, Beginning at Moses, 148.

16.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 54.

17.  Barrett, Beginning at Moses, 160.

18.  Mark G. Cambron, Bible Doctrines: Beliefs That Matter (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1954), 25; Borland, Christ in the Old Testament, 58.

19.  William George Heidt, Angelology of the Old Testament; A Study in Biblical Theology (Washington, D.C.: Catholic U., 1949), 97.

20.  Borland, Christ in the Old Testament, 60–61.

21.  Ibid., 61–62.

22.  Barrett, Beginning at Moses, 153.

23.  Borland, Christ in the Old Testament, 62–63; see also James R. Battenfield, “An Exegetical Study of the in the Old Testament,” January 1971, 44–45.

24.  Barrett, Beginning at Moses, 148.

25.  Friedbert Ninow, “Typology,” in D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers, and A. B. Beck, eds., Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 1,341.

26.  Gareth Lee Cockerill, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012), 53–54.

27.  Norman L. Geisler, To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus: The Bible Student’s Guide to the Bible’s Central Theme (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1979), 58.

28.  C. A. Myers, in The Eerdmans Bible dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 24.

29.  G. R. Osborne, “Type; Typology,” in G. W. Bromiley, ed., The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), vol. 4, 930.

30.  Chad L. Bird, in Robert D. Ibach, ed., “Typological Interpretation within the Old Testament: Melchizedekian Typology,” (Dallas Theological Seminary, Bibliotheca Sacra, January 2000), vol. 157, 361.

31.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 63.

32.  Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), vol. 2, 2,109.

33.  Al Wolters, “The History of Old Testament Interpretation: An Anecdotal Survey,” in C. G. Bartholomew and D. J. H. Beldman, eds., Hearing the Old Testament: Listening for God’s Address (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012), 24.

34.  Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, vol. 2, 2,110.

35.  J. D. Atkins, “Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament, Critical Issues,” in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014).

36.  Barrett, Beginning at Moses, 245–46.

37.  Patrick Fairbairn, The Typology of Scripture (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1900), I, 1.

38.  Barrett, Beginning at Moses, 246.

39.  W. Randolph Tate, in Handbook for Biblical Interpretation: An Essential Guide to Methods, Terms, and Concepts, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2012), 255.

40.  Fred John Meldau, The Prophets Still Speak: Messiah in Both Testaments (Bellmawr, NJ: Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, 1988), 1.

41.  Sidney Greidanus, Preaching Christ from Genesis: Foundations for Expository Sermons (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007), 5, 6.

42.  Ibid., 6.

CHAPTER 9: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: GENESIS

1.    Iain M. Duguid, Living in the Gap between Promise and Reality: The Gospel According to Abraham, T. Longman III and J. A. Groves, eds. (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1999), 2.

2.    M. R. DeHaan, Portraits of Christ in Genesis (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1995), 14.

3.    Norman L. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1999), 99.

4.    DeHaan, Portraits of Christ in Genesis, 19.

5.    Graeme Goldsworthy, Christ-Centered Biblical Theology, Hermeneutical Foundations and Principles (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, An imprint of InterVarsity Press, 2012), Kindle locations 147–75.

6.    Eugene E. Carpenter, Exodus, H. W. House and W. D. Barrick, eds. (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012).

7.    J. A. Witmer, “Romans,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 2, 476.

8.    Roy B. Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1991), 12.

9.    Daniel C. Juster, The Irrevocable Calling: Israel’s Role as a Light to the Nations (Clarksville, MD: Messianic Jewish Publishers, 2007), 11.

10.  Ibid., 12.

11.  Iain M. Duguid and Matthew P. Harmon, Living in the Light of Inextinguishable Hope: The Gospel According to Joseph (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), 9.

12.  G. Campbell Morgan, Living Messages of the Books of the Bible: Old Testament (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1908), vol. 1, 32–33.

13.  Goldsworthy, Christ-Centered Biblical Theology, Hermeneutical Foundations and Principles, Kindle location 565.

14.  Ibid., Kindle location 574.

15.  Ibid., Kindle locations 574–84.

16.  Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1998), 13.

17.  Goldsworthy, Christ-Centered Biblical Theology, Hermeneutical Foundations and Principles, Kindle location 584.

18.  M. R. DeHaan cites light as an example of a portrait of Christ in Portraits of Christ in Genesis, 19.

19.  Ibid., 33.

20.  Sidney Greidanus, Preaching Christ from Genesis: Foundations for Expository Sermons (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007), 69.

21.  Anthony A. Hoekema, Created in God’s Image (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1994), 149.

22.  Everett F. Harrison, “Romans,” in F. E. Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), vol. 10, 63.

23.  David Murray, Jesus on Every Page: 10 Simple Ways to Seek and Find Christ in the Old Testament (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2013).

24.  D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones, The Gospel in Genesis: From Fig Leaves to Faith (Wheaton, IL: Day One Publications, 2010), 35.

25.  Nancy Guthrie, The One Year Book of Discovering Jesus in the Old Testament (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2010), Kindle location 357.

26.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in Genesis (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2002), 73.

27.  DeHaan, Portraits of Christ in Genesis, 71.

28.  Arthur Walkington Pink, Gleanings in Genesis (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2005), 68–69.

29.  Dwight Lyman Moody, Notes from My Bible: From Genesis to Revelation (Chicago; New York; Toronto: Fleming H. Revell, 1895), 16.

30.  G. K. Beale, Handbook on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Exegesis and Interpretation (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2012), 21.

31.  John Peter Lange et al., A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Genesis (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008), 302.

32.  Christ in the Old Testament (Torrance, CA: Rose Publishing, 2009).

33.  Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum The Messianic Bible Study Collection (Tustin, CA: Ariel Ministries, 1983), vol. 116, 9; Barton Warren Johnson, The New Testament commentary, Vol. III: John (St. Louis, MO: Christian Board of Publication, 1886).

34.  Genesis 6:14 states that God told Noah to build the ark and gives him explicit instructions on how to build it. It doesn’t say that Noah’s family didn’t help, but it doesn’t say they did help.

35.  Arthur Walkington Pink, Gleanings in Genesis (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2005), 96–102.

36.  Zane. C. Hodges, “Hebrews,” in Walvoord and Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 798.

37.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 68.

38.  John F. MacArthur Jr., John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 2014), 1972, the Crucifixion, Part 1.

39.  Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993).

40.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 66; K. Rudge, “January 28th: Christ at Peniel (Genesis 32:1–2, 24–32),” in I. Steeds, ed., Day by Day: Christ Foreshadowed: Glimpses in the Old Testament (West Glamorgan, UK: Precious Seed, 2002), 43.

41.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 66–67; Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 12.

42.  D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Glorious Christianity, 1st U.S. ed. (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), vol. 4, 135.

43.  Arthur Walkington Pink, Gleanings in Genesis (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2005), 388.

44.  D. Mangum, Jacob, Son of Isaac, in J. D. Barry et al., eds., The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014).

45.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 66–67; Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 65.

46.  Wilbur Fields, Old Testament History: An Overview of Sacred History & Truth (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 1996), 107.

47.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 66–67; Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 69–70.

48.  Charles H. Spurgeon, “Christ, the Tree of Life,” Spurgeon’s Sermons, electronic ed. (Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998), vol. 57.

49.  H. A. Ironside did refer to the Sabbath as a type of Christ in H. A. Ironside, Addresses on the Gospel of Luke (Neptune, NJ: Loizeaux Brothers, 1947), 180–81; as did John Calvin in John Calvin and John Owen, Commentaries on the Prophet Jeremiah and the Lamentations (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), vol. 2, 381.

CHAPTER 10: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: EXODUS

1.    J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 1, 75.

2.    Walter C. Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 69.

3.    Arthur Walkington Pink, Gleanings in Exodus (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1962), 8.

4.    Ibid., 9–10.

5.    Ibid., 7, 9.

6.    Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 13.

7.    Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 201–2.

8.    Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007).

9.    Paul J. Achtemeier and Elizabeth Achtemeier, The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith, revised ed. (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994), 66–67.

10.  Katharine Doob Sakenfeld, Journeying with God: A Commentary on the Book of Numbers (Grand Rapids, MI; Edinburgh: Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.; Handsel Press Ltd, 1995), 82.

11.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 68.

12.  Christ in the Old Testament (Torrance, CA: Rose Publishing, 2009).

13.  Some of these examples were from Benjamin M. Holt, Finding Christ in the Old Testament (New York: Vantage Press, 1977), 17–18. Others came from John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 68.

14.  D. Gilliland, “February 16th: Christ in Moses—The Meekest Man (Numbers 12:1–16),” in I. Steeds, ed., Day by Day: Christ Foreshadowed: Glimpses in the Old Testament (West Glamorgan, UK: Precious Seed, 2002), 61.

15.  Achtemeier and Achtemeier, The Old Testament Roots of Our Faith, 68–69.

16.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 206.

17.  Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 85.

18.  Timothy J. Keller, “The Lord of Salvation, The Gospel According to Moses: Discovering the Lost Language of Salvation, September 15, 2002, The Timothy Keller Sermon Archive (New York City: Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2013).

19.  Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1997), 98.

20.  Ibid., 99.

21.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 20.

22.  Ray Stedman, Adventuring Through the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Books, 1997), 79.

23.  Tremper Longman III, How to Read Exodus (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2009), 145.

24.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 202.

25.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 70.

26.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 203.

27.  Ibid.

28.  Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 1, 78–79.

29.  Ibid., 79–80.

30.  O. L. Johnson, Bible Typology (James L. Fleming, 2005).

31.  H. D. M. Spence-Jones, ed., Exodus, vol. 2 (London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1909), 41.

32.  Philip Graham Ryken and R. K. Hughes, Exodus: Saved for God’s Glory (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2005), 456.

33.  Simon J. Kistemaker and William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1993), vol. 18, 324–25.

34.  John G. Butler, Analytical Bible Expositor: Exodus (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2008), 217.

35.  J. V. Fesko, Christ and the Desert Tabernacle (Darlington, England: EP Books, 2012), 85.

36.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 22.

37.  Philip Peter Jenson, Graded Holiness: A Key to the Priestly Conception of the World (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1992), 100, cited in Thomas R. Schreiner, The King in His Beauty: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2013), 40.

38.  Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 1, 98.

39.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 228.

40.  Ronald F. Youngblood et al., eds., in Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).

41.  Allen C. Myers, in The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 733.

42.  Youngblood et al., in Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary.

43.  Roy E. Gingrich, The Book of Genesis (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 1998), 15.

44.  David Lyle Jeffrey, in A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1992).

45.  Leonard Sweet and Frank Viola, Jesus: A Theography (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2012).

46.  The first illustration is from T. B. Dozeman, Commentary on Exodus (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009), 608. The second drawing is from Marsha Smith et al., Holman Book of Charts, Maps and Reconstructions (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 1993), 144.

47.  David M. Levy, The Tabernacle: Shadows of the Messiah: Its Sacrifices, Services, and Priesthood (Bellmawr, NJ: Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry, 1993).

48.  Michael P. V. Barrett, Beginning at Moses: A Guide to Finding Christ in the Old Testament (Greenville, SC; Belfast, Northern Ireland: Ambassador-Emerald International, 2001), 140.

49.  Levy, The Tabernacle.

50.  Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 1, 104.

51.  Fesko, Christ and the Desert Tabernacle, 110.

52.  Lawrence O. Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1987), 105.

53.  Levy, The Tabernacle,

54.  Ibid.

55.  Warren W. Wiersbe, Prayer: Basic Training (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale, 1988), 8.

56.  Fesko, Christ and the Desert Tabernacle, 89.

57.  Wiersbe, Prayer, 9.

58.  Ibid., 29.

59.  Fesko, Christ and the Desert Tabernacle, 23.

60.  Levy, The Tabernacle.

61.  Ibid.

62.  William Hendriksen and S. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 9, 974.

63.  John F. MacArthur, “Jesus Christ, the Perfect Priest,” in John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 2014).

64.  Ray Stedman, Adventuring Through the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 1997), 83.

65.  Ibid.

66.  Timothy J. Keller, “Why Do We Need the Bible,” in The Timothy Keller Sermon Archive (New York: Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2013).

67.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 70–71.

68.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 220–21.

69.  Ibid., 221.

70.  Kaiser, The Promise-Plan of God, 71.

CHAPTER 11: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: LEVITICUS THROUGH DEUTERONOMY

1.    Mark F. Rooker, Leviticus (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), vol. 3A, 77.

2.    Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 24.

3.    Roy B. Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1991), 57–58.

4.    Ray Stedman, Adventuring Through the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Books, 1997), 88.

5.    Joseph S. Exell, “Leviticus,” The Biblical Illustrator (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1952–1959), v.

6.    Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 24.

7.    H. Richard Niebuhr, The Kingdom of God in America (New York: Harper & Tow, 1959), 193.

8.    Robert Laird Harris, “Leviticus,” in F. E. Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1990), vol. 2, 520.

9.    Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 139.

10.  Gary W. Demarest and L. J. Ogilvie, Leviticus (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1990), vol. 3, 170.

11.  James E. Smith, The Old Testament Books Made Simple (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2009), 42–43.

12.  Samuel J. Schultz, Leviticus: God among His People (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1983), 54.

13.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 24.

14.  Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007).

15.  F. D. Lindsey, “Leviticus,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 177.

16.  Samuel J. Schultz and Gary V. Smith, Exploring the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL; Crossway Books, 2001), 37.

17.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 25.

18.  Robert I. Vasholz, Leviticus: A Mentor Commentary (Fearn, Tain, Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2007), 53.

19.  Ibid., 77.

20.  Andrew Jukes, The Law of the Offerings in Leviticus 1–7: Considered as the Appointed Figure of the Various Aspects of the Offering of the Body of Jesus Christ (London: James Nisbet and Co, 1847), 166–67.

21.  Edward E. Hindson and Woodrow M. Kroll, eds., KJV Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1994), 198.

22.  John R. W. Stott, The Cross of Christ (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books, 2006), 189.

23.  Lindsey, “Leviticus,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 183.

24.  Robert I. Vasholz, Leviticus: A Mentor Commentary (Fearn, Tain, Ross-shire, Great Britain: Mentor, 2007), 77.

25.  Vern S. Poythress, The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses (Phillipsburg, NJ: P & R Publishing, 1991), 60.

26.  Daniel C, Juster, The Irrevocable Calling: Israel’s Role as a Light to the Nations (Clarksville, MD: Messianic Jewish Publishers, 2007), 11.

27.  Ibid., 11.

28.  John F. MacArthur Jr., “Jesus: The Guarantee of a Better Covenant,” in John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 1972).

29.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 75.

30.  Paul J. Achtemeier, in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row, 1985), 80.

31.  D. R. Wood and I. Howard Marshall, in New Bible Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), 105.

32.  James Hastings et al., eds., in A Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels: Aaron–Zion (Edinburgh; New York: T&T Clark; Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1906), vol. 2, 157.

33.  Samuel J. Schultz, Leviticus: God among His people (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1983), 105.

34.  Mark F. Rooker, Leviticus (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), vol. 3A, 281.

35.  Ronald F. Youngblood et al., eds., in Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).

36.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 76.

37.  Walter A. Elwell, in Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1996).

38.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 27.

39.  Arno Gaebelein, Studies in Prophecy (New York: Publication Office “Our Hope” 1918), 142.

40.  L. McFall, “Sacred Meals,” in T. D. Alexander and B. S. Rosner, eds., New Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 752.

41.  Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 785.

42.  J. A. Groves, Foreword, in Tremper Longman III and J. A. Groves, eds., Immanuel in Our Place: Seeing Christ in Israel’s Worship (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2001), 201–2.

43.  Ibid., 207.

44.  T. M. Constance, Early History of Israel (Dickson, TN: Explorer’s Bible Study, 1988), vol. 1, 100.

45.  Joseph S. Exell, The Biblical illustrator (Acts) (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997), 112.

46.  Allen P. Ross, Holiness to the Lord: A Guide to the Exposition of the Book of Leviticus (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2002), 438.

47.  Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1994), 197.

48.  Stephen Kaung, Seeing Christ in Numbers: The Walk of God (God Has Spoken—Seeing Christ in the Old Testament Book 5, Kindle ed. (Christian Fellowship Publishers, 2014), Kindle locations 130–32.

49.  Gary Staats, The Person and Work of Jesus Christ in Each Book of the Old Testament Seen in Its New Testament Fulfillment—An Emmaus Walk, T. Staats and J. Kitchen, eds. (Gary Staats, 2010), 22.

50.  Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007).

51.  William Jones, Numbers (New York; London; Toronto: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1892), 354.

52.  Harold L. Willmington, The Outline Bible (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999).

53.  Francis A. Schaeffer, The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer: a Christian Worldview (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982), vol. 2, 301–2.

54.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 325.

55.  Albert H. Baylis, From Creation to the Cross, Understanding the First Half of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1996), 150.

56.  Walter Brueggemann, The Land: Place as Gift, Promise, and Challenge in Biblical Faith, 2nd ed. (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2003), 55.

57.  Elwell and Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, vol. 1, 619.

58.  Mark Water, The Books of the Bible Made Easy (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishing, 2000), 8.

59.  Elwell and Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, vol. 1, 619.

60.  Staats, The Person and Work of Jesus Christ, 26.

CHAPTER 12: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: JOSHUA THROUGH ESTHER

1.    Francis A. Schaeffer, The Complete Works of Francis A. Schaeffer: A Christian Worldview (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1982), vol. 2, 201.

2.    Ibid., vol. 2, 153.

3.    Mark Allan Powell, ed., “Joshaphat,” in The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary (Revised and Updated), 3rd ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 2011), 493.

4.    Ray C. Stedman, “The Way to Victory: Joshua,” Ray Stedman.org, 1997.

5.    Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 206.

6.    J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 1, 238.

7.    John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 70–71.

8.    Gary Staats, The Person and Work of Jesus Christ in Each Book of the Old Testament Seen in Its New Testament Fulfillment—An Emmaus Walk, T. Staats and J. Kitchen, eds. (Gary Staats, 2010), 29.

9.    Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 67.

10.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner, 2007), 62–63.

11.  Christ in the Old Testament (Torrance, CA: Rose Publishing, 2009).

12.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

13.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

14.  Staats, The Person and Work of Jesus Christ, 30.

15.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 268.

16.  Walter A. Elwell, in Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1996).

17.  R. L. Hubbard Jr., “Redemption,” in T. D. Alexander and B. S. Rosner, eds., New Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 717.

18.  John F. Walvoord, “Series in Christology, Part 3: The Incarnation of the Son of God,” Bibliotheca Sacra Volume 105 (Dallas Theological Seminary, 1948), 291–92.

19.  C. I. Scofield, The Scofield Reference Bible: The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments (New York; London; Toronto; Melbourne; Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1917), 765.

20.  John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 374.

21.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

22.  Dale Ralph Davis, 1 Samuel: Looking on the Heart (Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 76.

23.  Richard D. Phillips, 1 Samuel, P. G. Ryken and R. D. Phillips, Duguid Iain M., eds., 1st ed. (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2012),126.

24.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

25.  John F. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 92.

26.  Christ in the Old Testament, Rose Publishing.

27.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

28.  Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord, 65.

29.  Kenneth Boa, Jesus in the Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2002), 24.

30.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

31.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 105.

32.  Christ in the Old Testament, Rose Publishing.

33.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 105.

34.  Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1997), 154.

35.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

36.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 109–10.

37.  P. J. Achtemeier, “Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature,” in Harper’s Bible Dictionary, 1st ed. (San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row, 1985), 529.

38.  Willem A. VanGemeren, “Psalms,” in F. E. Gaebelein, ed., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1991), vol. 5, 469.

39.  Philip G. Ryken, 1 Kings, R. D. Phillips, I. M. Duguid, and P. G. Ryken, eds. (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2011), 35.

40.  Ibid., 36.

41.  Ibid., 37.

42.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

43.  Mark Water, The Books of the Bible Made Easy (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishing, 2001), 13.

44.  Boa, Jesus in the Bible, 26.

45.  Arthur W. Pink, Gleanings from Elisha: His Life and Miracles (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2005), 16.

46.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 138.

47.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

48.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

49.  Boa, Jesus in the Bible, 30.

50.  William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Gospel According to Matthew (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 9, 514.

51.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

52.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 923.

53.  Ibid., 923.

54.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

55.  Boa, Jesus in the Bible, 32.

56.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 924.

57.  Bruce Wilkinson and Kenneth Boa, Talk thru the Bible (Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1983), 126.

58.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 825.

59.  Jack Hayford et al., eds., New Spirit-Filled Life Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Bibles, 2002), 613.

60.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

61.  Some have pointed out that God is mentioned by way of acrostics in the book, which is a fascinating notion, but one beyond the scope of this book. See J. Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 2, 261; W. Graham Scroggie, The Unfolding Drama of Redemption (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1976), vol. 1, 469–71.

62.  Debra Reid, Esther: An Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2008), vol. 13, 29.

63.  John Lowrie, Esther and Her Times: In a Series of Lectures on the Book of Esther (Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1859), 89.

64.  Baxter, Explore the Book, vol. 2, 259.

65.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 195.

66.  Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament, 920.

67.  Timothy J. Keller, “A New Church for the City,” The Timothy Keller Sermon Archive (New York City: Redeemer Presbyterian Church, 2013).

68.  Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007).

69.  W. Burrows, Esther (New York; London; Toronto: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1892), 263–64.

70.  The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2,646.

71.  Roy Gingrich, The Book of Esther (Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing, 2004), 25.

CHAPTER 13: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: THE POETICAL BOOKS

1.    Norman L. Geisler, A Popular Survey of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2014), 11.

2.    Daniel J. Estes, Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 9.

3.    C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books, Revised and Expanded (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1979, 1988), 31–32.

4.    Thomas A. Howe, Class Notes, “Old Testament Survey 2,” Southern Evangelical Seminary, 2012, 199–200; 4.

5.    Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Poetry (New York: Basic Books, 1985).

6.    I am not sure which translation Alter is using or modifying here, but it is not the version I have been using almost exclusively in this book: the English Standard Version (ESV).

7.    Alter, The Art of Biblical Poetry, Kindle location 346 of 5126.

8.    Estes, Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms, 9.

9.    He was particularly impressed with the grandeur of the King James Version. H. L. Mencken, Treatise on the Gods (New York: Knopf, 1946), 286.

10.  Walter A. Elwell and Philip W. Comfort, in Tyndale Bible Dictionary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001), 1,305.

11.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 866.

12.  Leland Ryken, Words of Delight: A Literary Introduction to the Bible, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 1992), 9.

13.  Ibid., 32.

14.  Ibid., 508.

15.  A Viberg, “Job,” in T. D. Alexander and B. S. Rosner, eds., New Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 203.

16.  Ibid., 203.

17.  Walter A. Elwell, in Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1996).

18.  Robert L. Alden, Job (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), vol. 11, 329.

19.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

20.  Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books, Revised and Expanded, 111.

21.  Ibid.

22.  Ray C. Stedman, Adventuring Through the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Books, 2011).

23.  Ray Stedman, Adventuring Through the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Books, 1997), 257.

24.  Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books, Revised and Expanded, 111.

25.  Patrick Henry Reardon, Christ in the Psalms (Chesterton, IN: Ancient Faith Publishing, 2000), vii.

26.  Ibid., viii.

27.  Ibid.

28.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 219.

29.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 329–30.

30.  Ibid., 330.

31.  Ibid., 338.

32.  Herbert W. Bateman et al., Jesus the Messiah: Tracing the Promises, Expectations, and Coming of Israel’s King (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2012), 75–76.

33.  Ibid.

34.  Gary Staats, The Person and Work of Jesus Christ in Each Book of the Old Testament Seen in Its New Testament Fulfillment—An Emmaus Walk, T. Staats and J. Kitchen, eds. (Gary Staats, 2010), 41.

35.  Mal Couch, “Progressive Dispensationalism: Is Christ Now on the Throne of David?—Part II,” Conservative Theological Journal (1998): 2, no. 5, 144.

36.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 221–22.

37.  Gary H. Everett, The Book of Psalms (Gary Everett, 2011), 62.

38.  Hans K. LaRondelle, Deliverance in the Psalms: Messages of Hope for Today (Bradenton, FL: First Impressions, 2006), 95.

39.  James H. Waltner, Psalms (Scottdale, PA; Waterloo, ON: Herald Press, 2006), 125.

40.  Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures, 224.

41.  John F. Walvoord, Jesus Christ Our Lord (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1975, 2008), 92.

42.  J. Vernon McGee, Through the Bible with J. Vernon McGee, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1997), vol. 2, 711.

43.  Ibid.

44.  John F. MacArthur Jr. “Creation Day 6, Part 1, John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 1999).

45.  Henry H. Halley, Finding Jesus in the Old Testament: a Zondervan Digital Short (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2012).

46.  John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).

47.  Ralph G. Turnbull, in Baker’s Dictionary of Practical Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1967), 137–38.

48.  Ibid., 138.

49.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 379.

50.  Ibid., 385.

51.  Geoffrey W. Grogan, Psalms (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008), 390.

52.  James Montgomery Boice, Psalms 42–106: An Expositional Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2005), 601.

53.  Waltner, Psalms, 438–39.

54.  Boice, Psalms 42–106, 761.

55.  Waltner, Psalms, 455.

56.  Arno Gaebelein, The Annotated Bible: Ezra to Psalms (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009), vol. 3, 301.

57.  Michael P. Barrett, Beginning at Moses: A Guide to Finding Christ in the Old Testament (Greenville, SC; Belfast, Northern Ireland: Ambassador-Emerald International, 2001), 315.

58.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 397.

59.  Gary H. Everett, The Book of Proverbs (Gary Everett, 2011), 35.

60.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

61.  Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 466.

62.  Dan Phillips, God’s Wisdom in Proverbs: Hearing God’s Voice in Scripture (Woodlands, TX: Kress Biblical Resources, 2011), 394–95.

63.  Ibid., 396.

64.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

65.  Paul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament (Revised) (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1993), 180.

66.  Charles Dyer, Eugene Merrill, Charles R. Swindoll, and Roy B. Zuck, Nelson’s Old Testament Survey: Discover the Background, Theology and Meaning of Every Book in the Old Testament (Nashville, TN: Word, 2001), 512.

67.  John MacArthur Jr., ed.), The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 940–941.

68.  John F. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 175.

69.  Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1997), 370.

70.  Archibald T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1933).

71.  William Hendriksen and S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of Ephesians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), vol. 7, 257.

72.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 253.

73.  Robert Lee in The Outlined Bible (Pickering & I, 1921), 21, in Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the Old Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1978), 310.

CHAPTER 14: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: PROPHETS OBADIAH THROUGH ISAIAH

1.    Frederick Dale Bruner, “Tract. in Jn., 9:3:64,” Matthew: A Commentary: The Churchbook, Matthew 13–28, revised and expanded ed. (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007), vol. 2, 56.

2.    M. G. Easton, in Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).

3.    Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the Old Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1978), 321.

4.    William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments, A. Farstad, ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 931.

5.    Robert Laird Harris, Exploring the Basics of the Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2002), 8.

6.    James E. Smith, The Major Prophets (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1991).

7.    J. Gavigan et al., eds., Major Prophets (Dublin; New York: Four Courts Press; Scepter Publishers, 2008), 11.

8.    Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the Old Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1978), 323.

9.    John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 9. See also MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 933.

10.  Julius J. Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2000), 72.

11.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 933; see also Scott Jr., Jewish Backgrounds of the New Testament, 72.

12.  MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, 12.

13.  R. E. Clements Jeremiah (Atlanta: J. Knox Press, 1988), 2.

14.  MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, 9; see also Wilbur Fields, Old Testament History: An Overview of Sacred History & Truth (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 1996), 589.

15.  Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1,365.

16.  Ibid.

17.  Paul R. Raabe, Obadiah: a New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), vol. 24D, 55; T. T. Perowne, Obadiah and Jonah, with Notes and Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1889), 22; Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

18.  Robert J. Utley, The First Christian Primer: Matthew (Marshall, TX: Bible Lessons International, 2000), vol. 9, 183; Holman QuickSource Guide to Understanding the Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2002), 191; Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

19.  Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007).

20.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

21.  John F. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 238.

22.  David Field, Obadiah: A Practical Commentary (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2008), 70.

23.  Gary Staats, The Person and Work of Jesus Christ in Each Book of the Old Testament Seen in Its New Testament Fulfillment—An Emmaus Walk, T. Staats and J. Kitchen, eds. (Gary Staats, 2010), 90.

24.  Dan M. Doriani, PC151 Theology of Everyday Life (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014).

25.  Paul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament (Revised) (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1993), 203.

26.  Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), vol. 1, 588.

27.  Norman L. Geisler, To Understand the Bible Look for Jesus: The Bible Student’s Guide to the Bible’s Central Theme (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1979), 99.

28.  John F. Walvoord, The Prophecy Knowledge Handbook (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1990), 289.

29.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

30.  G. Campbell Morgan, The Analyzed Bible: Job to Malachi (New York; Chicago; Toronto; London; Edinburgh: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1908), vol. 2, 212.

31.  George A. Smith, “The Book of the Twelve Prophets,” in W. Robertson Nicoll, ed., The Expositor’s Bible: Jeremiah to Mark (Hartford, CT: S.S. Scranton Co., 1903), vol. 4, 680.

32.  J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 4, 180.

33.  James Hastings et al., in Dictionary of the Bible (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909), 492.

34.  Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 4, 180.

35.  H. I. Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History: a Study of the Old Testament, rev. ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1962), 280–81.

36.  Charles Price, Matthew: Can Anything Good Come Out of Nazareth? (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1998), 163.

37.  Michael Bentley, Opening up Amos (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2006), 8.

38.  Robert Martin-Achard and S. Paul Re’emi, God’s People in Crisis (Edinburgh; Grand Rapids: Handsel Press; Wm. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co, 1984), 8.

39.  Ibid., 9.

40.  Gordon J. Keddie, The Lord Is His Name (Hertfordshire, England: Evangelical Press, 1986), 82–83.

41.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 340.

42.  Kenneth Boa, Jesus in the Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 2002), 56–57.

43.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,658.

44.  Josh McDowell, The New Evidence That Demands a Verdict (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1999), 192.

45.  William LaSor et al., Old Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996), 254.

46.  Lloyd J. Ogilvie, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc, 1990), vol. 22, 18.

47.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 201.

48.  H. D. Beeby, Grace Abounding: a Commentary on the Book of Hosea (Grand Rapids; Edinburgh: Eerdmans; Handsel Press, 1989), 2.

49.  Ibid.

50.  John Peter Lange et al., A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: Hosea (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008), 7.

51.  Duane A. Garrett, Hosea, Joel (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1997), vol. 19A, 38–40.

52.  Lloyd J. Ogilvie, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc, 1990), vol. 22, 19.

53.  Tremper Longman III and Raymond B. Dillard, An Introduction to the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2007), 408.

54.  Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible.

55.  Merrill F. Unger, The New Unger’s Bible Handbook, rev. and updated ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2005), 255.

56.  Herbert M. Wolf, Interpreting Isaiah, the Suffering and Glory of the Messiah (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1985), 11.

57.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 936.

58.  Daniel J. Hays Message of the Prophets: a Survey of the Prophetic and Apocalyptic Books of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), 98–99.

59.  J. A. Martin, “Isaiah,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 1,032.

60.  Eugene H. Merrill, An Historical Survey of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991), 264.

61.  C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1986), 156–57.

62.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 160.

63.  James E. Smith, The Major Prophets (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1992), unknown.

64.  Herbert M. Wolf, Interpreting Isaiah, the Suffering and Glory of the Messiah (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1985), 11.

65.  Walter A. Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 1048.

66.  Derek Thomas, God Delivers: Isaiah Simply Explained (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 1991), 12.

67.  James E. Smith, The Major Prophets (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1992).

68.  Ray Stedman, Adventuring Through the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Books, 1997), 309–10.

69.  Elwell and B. J. Beitzel, in Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), 1,048.

70.  Herbert M. Wolf, Interpreting Isaiah, the Suffering and Glory of the Messiah (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1985), 34.

71.  Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, expanded ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1,013.

72.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 936.

73.  Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version, 1,013.

74.  Merrill F. Unger, The New Unger’s Bible Handbook, rev. and updated ed. (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2005), 255; MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 936

75.  MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary, 936.

76.  Edward J. Young, The Book of Isaiah, Chapters 1–18 (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1965), vol. 1, 8.

77.  Robert D. Culver, R. D. Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical (Ross-shire, UK: Mentor, 2005), 107.

78.  J. A. Martin, “Isaiah,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 1030.

79.  In fact, Jesus stops in mid-verse because the rest of the verse talks about the Messiah’s second coming.

80.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

81.  Bruce Wilkinson and Kenneth Boa, Talk thru the Bible (Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1983), 192.

82.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1,235.

83.  David Limbaugh, Jesus on Trial (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing Co, 2014), 42–46.

84.  Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible.

85.  Wilkinson and Boa, Talk thru the Bible, 192.

86.  R. W. L. Moberly, Old Testament Theology: Reading the Hebrew Bible as Christian Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2013), 174–75.

87.  Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of Our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy, electronic ed. (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1997), 605–6.

CHAPTER 15: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: PROPHETS MICAH THROUGH HABAKKUK

1.    Mal Couch, “Inerrancy: The Book of Revelation,” Conservative Theological Journal (2001): 5, no. 15, 210.

2.    H. I. Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History: A Study of the Old Testament, rev. ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1962), 286.

3.    Paul N. Benware, Survey of the Old Testament (Revised) (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1993), 226.

4.    John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1,299.

5.    The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

6.    J. A. Martin, “Micah,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 1,481.

7.    Ibid., 1,483–85.

8.    Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 216.

9.    Kendell H. Easley, Holman QuickSource Guide to Understanding the Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2002), 209.

10.  Julie Woods, “The West as Nineveh: How Does Nahum’s Message of Judgement Apply to Today?,” Themelios (October 2005): 31, no. 1, 27.

11.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), Introduction to Zephaniah.

12.  Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007).

13.  Mark Mangano, Old Testament Introduction (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub, 2005), 599.

14.  Robert Hawker, R. Poor Man’s Old Testament Commentary: Ezekiel–Malachi (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2013), vol. 6, 472.

15.  R. E. Clements Jeremiah (Atlanta: J. Knox Press, 1988), 3.

16.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1370.

17.  J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 3, 260.

18.  F. B. Huey, Jr., Jeremiah, Lamentations (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), vol. 16, 24.

19.  Ibid., 36.

20.  Ibid., 36.

21.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 277.

22.  Philip G. Ryken, Jeremiah and Lamentations: from Sorrow to Hope (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2001), 201.

23.  Kendell Easley, Holman QuickSource Guide to Understanding the Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2002).

24.  Philip G. Ryken, Jeremiah and Lamentations: from Sorrow to Hope (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2001), 241.

25.  H. D. M. Spence-Jones, ed., Jeremiah (London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1909), vol. 1, 9.

26.  R. K. Harrison, Jeremiah and Lamentations: an Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1973), vol. 21, 40.

27.  James E. Smith, The Old Testament Books Made Simple (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 2009), 162.

28.  Mark Water, The Books of the Bible Made Easy (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishing, 2000), 25.

29.  Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the Old Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1978), 351.

30.  Tremper Longman III & Raymond B. Dillard, An Introduction to the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), 342.

31.  C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books, (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1986), 263.

32.  A. C. Myers in The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 856.

33.  John F. MacArthur Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 202.

34.  William LaSor et al., Old Testament Survey: the Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1996), 531.

35.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed.

36.  G. Campbell Morgan, The Analyzed Bible: Job to Malachi (New York; Chicago; Toronto; London; Edinburgh: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1908), vol. 2, 241–42.

37.  Alexander Whyte, in C. E. Fant et al., A Treasury of Great Preaching: Spurgeon to Meyer (Dallas, TX: Word Publishing, 1995), vol. 6, 276.

38.  Thomas Boston, The Whole Works of Thomas Boston: Sixty-Six Sermons, S. M’Millan, ed. (Aberdeen: George and Robert King, 1851), vol. 9, 135.

39.  J. R. Blue, “Habakkuk,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 1,515.

40.  Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).

41.  Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, The Confessions of St. Augustine. E. B. Pusey, trans. (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1996), book I, chapter 1, 1.

42.  R. C. Sproul, Before the Face of God: Book 3: A Daily Guide for Living from the Old Testament, electronic ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House; Ligonier Ministries, 1994).

43.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

44.  Elizabeth R. Achtemeier, Nahum–Malachi (Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press, 1986), 48.

CHAPTER 16: CHRIST IN EVERY BOOK: PROPHETS DANIEL THROUGH MALACHI

1.    Gary H. Everett, The Epistle of Romans, 2011, 91

2.    Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1581.

3.    Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 550.

4.    Lawrence O. Richards, The Teacher’s Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1987), 440.

5.    James Montgomery Boice, Daniel: an Expositional Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2003), 15; The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

6.    John F. Walvoord, Daniel: The Key To Prophetic Revelation (Galaxie Software, 2008), 26.

7.    “O God, Our Help in Ages Past,” words by Isaac Watts, 1719, cited in Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).

8.    Dever and Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament.

9.    C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1986), 298.

10.  Introduction to the book of Daniel, in The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2001).

11.  John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1,225–26.

12.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 184–85.

13.  J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 4, 76.

14.  M. R. De Haan, Daniel the Prophet (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1995), 253–254.

15.  Mervin Breneman, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1993), vol. 10, 42; J. D. Pentecost, “Daniel,” in J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, eds., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), vol. 1, 1,362.

16.  M. R. De Haan, Daniel the Prophet (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1995), 257; Pentecost, “Daniel,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 1,363.

17.  Josh McDowell, Evidence for Christianity (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006), 240. Citing Harold Hoehner, who thoroughly researched this prophecy and the corresponding dates, Josh McDowell shows that the calculation involves using the Jewish prophetic year of 360 days. Hoehner writes, “Multiplying the sixty-nine weeks by seven years for each week by 360 days gives a total of 173,880 days. The difference between 444 B.C. and A.D. 33 then is 476 solar years. By multiplying 476 by 365.24219879 or by 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45.975 seconds [there are 365 1/4 days in a year], one comes to 173,855 days, 6 hours, 52 minutes, 44 seconds, or 173,855 days. This leaves only 25 days to be accounted for between 444 B.C. and A.D. 33. By adding the 25 days to March 5 (of 444 B.C.), one comes to March 30 (of A.D. 33) which was Nisan 10 in A.D. 33. This is the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem.” See Josh McDowell, Evidence for Christianity (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006), 235. Of course many dispute this precise dating and I am not insisting on it, although I think a strong case can be made for it. I just think it is astonishing that the prophecy comes anywhere close to being accurate. See also John F. Walvoord, The Prophecy Knowledge Handbook (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1990).

18.  Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology (Wheaton: Victor, 1986), 557.

19.  Gary Staats, A Brief Survey through the Hebrew Scriptures: Viewing the Basic Overall Themes and Different High Points of the Books from an Ancient Near-Eastern and Christological Approach, M. Johnson, ed. (Dr. Gary Staats, 2012), 13; E. A. Blum, “John,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 2, 291.

20.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

21.  E. C. Broome, “Ezekiel’s Abnormal Personality,” in Journal of Biblical Literature 65 (1946): 277–292, at 291–292, cited in Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy, The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2006).

22.  R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1969), 850.

23.  Charles Dyer, Eugene Merrill, Charles R. Swindoll, and Roy B. Zuck, Nelson’s Old Testament Survey: Discover the Background, Theology and Meaning of Every Book in the Old Testament (Nashville, TN: Word, 2001), 658.

24.  Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 1495.

25.  C. Hassell Bullock, An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1986), 250.

26.  Ibid.

27.  Anton T. Pearson, “Ezekiel,” in The Wycliffe Bible Commentary, 705.

28.  Herbert Bateman et al., Jesus the Messiah: Tracing the Promises, Expectations, and Coming of Israel’s King (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Academic, 2012), 182.

29.  Staats, A Brief Survey through the Hebrew Scriptures, 13.

30.  Bateman et al., Jesus the Messiah, 177.

31.  Kendell Easley, Holman QuickSource Guide to Understanding the Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2002), 161.

32.  Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 855.

33.  Ibid., 858.

34.  Ibid., 859.

35.  Bruce Wilkinson and Kenneth Boa, Talk thru the Bible (Nashville, TN: T. Nelson, 1983), 284–85.

36.  M. G. Easton, in Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).

37.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

38.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

39.  Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010).

40.  Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993), 626.

41.  James Hastings et al., in Dictionary of the Bible (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1909), 986.

42.  Thomas A. Howe, Class Notes, “Old Testament Survey 2,” Southern Evangelical Seminary, 2012, 199–200, 204.

43.  J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 4, 237.

44.  Roy R. Matheson, Old Testament Survey (Chicago, IL: Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1989), 75–76.

45.  John MacArthur Jr., ed., The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1,337.

46.  Kendell Easley, Holman QuickSource Guide to Understanding the Bible (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2002), 233.

47.  MacArthur, The MacArthur Study Bible, electronic ed., 1,338.

48.  The Open Bible: New King James Version, electronic ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1998).

49.  Donald S. Fortner, Discovering Christ in All the Scriptures (Danville, KY: Don Fortner), 416.

50.  F. D. Lindsey, “Zechariah,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 1,569.

51.  W. Graham Scroggie, The Unfolding Drama of Redemption (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1976), vol. 1, 483.

52.  Matheson, Old Testament Survey, 223.

53.  H. I. Hester, The Heart of Hebrew History: A Study of the Old Testament, rev. ed. (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1962), 294.

54.  J. Sidlow Baxter, Explore the Book (Grand Rapids, MI; Zondervan Publishing House, 1960), vol. 4, 263.

55.  Ibid., 265.

56.  Earl D. Radmacher, The NKJV Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2007), 67–68.

57.  C. A. Blaising, “Malachi,” in Walvoord and Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, vol. 1, 1,587.

58.  David J. Clark and Howard A. Hatton, A Handbook on Malachi (New York: United Bible Societies, 2002), 462.

59.  James Lee Beall, Laying the Foundation (Plainfield, NJ: Logos International, 1976), 130.

CONCLUSION

1.    Gerard Van Groningen, Messianic Revelation in the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1990), 939.