INDEX
Abu Dhabi, 138–39
Accra, Ghana, 15, 228n10; agriculture in, 223–24, 227n6; as business and academic hub, 216; hybridity in, 220–27; political and military designations in, 224–25; popular culture in, 216–19; slogans and advertising in, 217–19; Tabon and Ga relations historically in, 222–26, 227n6, 229n15; Tabon settlement in, 221–22
acculturation, 31
Addams, Jane, 117–18
Adorno, Theodor, 84
Africa, 95, 271–72; arts and culture centers in, 106–7; Burton on, 159; colonialism in, 104, 221, 224, 227n2; colonial/postcolonial readership in, 108–13; diasporas from, 103–4, 202, 210; ethnic assimilation in, 224–27; globalization in, 107; hybridity in, 104, 220–27; immigrant populations in, 104–5; Muslim populations in, 223, 228n12; nationalism in, 106; pre-colonial, 209–10; Tabon return to, 15, 219–22, 227n6; urban center crisis in, 215–16, 248. See also Accra; Ghana; Gold Coast; Nigeria; South Africa; West Africa; Zimbabwe
African/Africans: artists, 107, 206, 243; culture in London, 244–45, 247–49; émigrés, 246–47, 250; identity for, 102–3, 209–10; immigrants, 246–52; literature, 242, 253n26; modernism influence from, 242–43, 244; solidarity violence for, 106
African Americans, 12, 91, 94–95
“Africa Rising,” 206–7
Africa Writes Festival, 201
Afro-Brazilians, 11, 35–36, 226, 228n12. See also Tabon
Afropolitanism, 10, 12; in academia, 240; in art world, 206; consumerism of, 203, 204–5, 241; critique of, 201–10; defining, 207–8; diasporas and, 103–4; homelessness and spaces of, 15, 242, 251–52, 252n8; identity in, 208–9; ideology of, 106; immigrant populations and, 104–5; imperialism and, 14; for Mbembe, 102–7, 243–44, 252; media on, 205–6; paradigms of, 102; Salami on, 203, 204–5, 207–8; Selasi on, 202, 208, 240–41, 244, 251; solidarity in, 102; style of, 203, 204–5, 242; transnational culture of, 107; wealth and elitism with, 203–8, 241
Agamben, Giorgio, 142
agencement, 71
agriculture, 26–28, 223–24, 227n6
ahimsaic historiography, 84, 85
AIDS. See HIV/AIDS
Alencar, José de, 31
Alexander the Great, 5, 14, 68, 79, 179–83
alien (meteco), 22, 23, 25, 38n2
Amado, Gilberto, 23
Amado, Jorge, 31
Ambedkar, B. R., 81
American Indians. See Native Americans
ananya (unothering), 78
anatta (unselfing), 78
Anderson, Benedict, 9, 32, 109, 112, 268n18
Anglophone novels, 111–13
anti-colonialism, 70, 81, 84, 140; ethical debate of, 78; in Ghana, 219, 271; in India, 114; literature, 243; nationalist, 102
anti-imperialism, 70, 76; Gandhi leadership in, 82–83; minor globalisms and, 66, 67; solidarity in, 102; utopian socialism and, 71, 75
anti-Semitism, 116
apartheid, 226–27
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, 27, 137, 161, 164, 195, 268n18; affiliations of, 156–57; on Burton, 154, 156, 159, 165–66; on friendship, 184–86; on nation-state loyalties, 43–44; on obligation to others, 41, 159, 184–85; on openness to difference, 13, 41, 59–60, 61, 156, 271–74; on prejudice, 159; on respect of other, 14
Arendt, Hannah, 129, 135–36, 142, 151, 200n12
aristocracy, 22–23
Aristotle, 70
artists, 37–38, 258–59; African, 107, 206, 243; egalitarianism and, 55–56
arts: Afro-Brazilian, 35–36; Afropolitanism in, 206; globalization of, 27; multiculturalism in, 37–38, 106–7, 216–19
Asian Americans, 98–100
Auerbach, Eric, 119
Azevedo, Aluísio, 31
Azoulay, Ariella, 84
Bāchā Khān, 83
Bahia, Brazil, 15, 221–22, 224–25
Beck, Ulrich, 138
beliefs. See ethics; morality; religion and faith; spirituality
belonging, 10, 23, 118–19, 143, 202; Afropolitanism and, 15, 242, 251–52, 252n8; of Burton, 157–58; home distinction and, 12, 181–82; in nation-state, 137–38; race and, 91–92
Benhabib, Seyla, 136, 148, 268n18
Bergson, Henri, 84
bioracism, 105–6
black (people), 203; African diaspora history for, 103–4; commodity culture and, 205–6; cultural diversity among, 94–95, 207; immigrants, 94–95, 97–98, 101n12; in Ivy League colleges, 94–95, 101n12; mixed-race marriage for, 99–100; social movements for, 34–36
Blatchford, Robert, 74
Bodhisattva, 81–82
Bongiorni, Sara, 53
Bose, J. C., 75–76
Braudel, Fernand, 84–85
Brazil, 11, 15, 29; agrarian reform in, 26, 38n3; artists in international scene from, 37–38; black women’s movement in, 34; Burton on, 163–64; Chinese immigrants in, 31–32; elitism in, 23; indigenous population in, 35, 38; language appropriation in, 23, 38n2; refugees of, 28. See also Afro-Brazilians; Bahia
Brazilian Landless Workers Movement, 26, 38n3
Brennan, Timothy, 4–5
Britain, 2, 138, 153, 166, 233, 239n13; hybridity in, 110; imperialism of, 72–73, 80–81; Indians in, 115n12; Khaki election in, 80; utopian socialism history in, 72–74. See also London
British Empire, 13; Africa under, 104, 221, 224, 227n2; Burton attack on policy of, 158; colonial news from, 110–11; Orwell on inequalities of, 40, 46–47; wealth and slavery in, 45; World War II rationing for, 50–52, 54, 58n26. See also India, colonial
Brodie, Fawn, 157
Buber, Martin, 77
Buddhism, 81–82
Bull, Malcolm, 55–56
Burton, Richard, 167n6, 167n14; on Africa, 159; Appiah on, 154, 156, 159, 165–66; belonging and identity for, 157–58; cultural immersion of, 154–56, 158–59, 166; on Jews in Europe, 164–65; on Mormonism and Salt Lake City, 160–62; on Native Americans, 162; pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina of, 155; on Portugal and Brazil, 162–64; prejudice of, 154, 159–60, 163–66
Bwesigye, Brian, 201–2
Carpenter, Edward, 74–75
Central Park (New York), 121, 122–23
Chartism, 73–74
Chikwava, Brian, 10, 15, 242, 244–45, 247–49, 252
China, 16, 53, 268n19; architecture in, 254, 258–59; cosmopolitanism in context of, 254–66, 268n17; emigration to Brazil from, 31–32; hybridity in, 265; Memory: A Cultural Documentary on, 255–58, 263, 267n7; modernization of, 264–65, 269n23
Chinese Communist Party, 263–64, 266
chiShona, 245
Christians/Christianity, 164–65, 200n12; connection among, 7, 197, 235; ecumenism and, 130; missions in Africa, 223; in public sphere, 128
citizens and citizenship, 130; for colonial/postcolonial readership, 108–9, 113; global, 2, 153, 189–90, 199n5, 236–37, 258; responsibility and accountability of, 129, 236–37; “second class,” 30–31; sovereign, 145–46
Clemenceau, Georges, 83
Clifford, James, 9, 42–43, 57n11
climate change, 190
Clinton, Bill, 96
Coetzee, Carli, 202
colleges, 138–39, 240; Accra as destination for, 216; connections through, 198–99; diversity in, 62–63, 94–95, 101n12; role in cosmopolitanism, 230–31, 234, 236, 237–38
colonialism, 4–5, 6, 67, 71; in Africa, 104, 221, 224, 227n2; African identity prior to, 209–10; in Brazil, 31–32; ethics of, 78; literature and readership during and after, 12, 108–13, 243; multiculturalism defined through, 30, 32–33. See also anti-colonialism; India, colonial
Comaroff, John and Jean, 241
commerce, 6, 16; language role in, 15; laws on global, 232–33, 238n8. See also consumerism
common law, 180, 182–83, 231–32
communication technology, 34
communities: distinction of home, 12, 181–82; “imagined,” 32–34; “remaking” human, 254, 267n6
comparatism, 77–79
Confucianism, 254
connections, 200n10; bridges and, 256–57, 266; in colleges, 198–99; environmental, 190, 197; in faith, 7, 196–97, 200n12, 235, 236; global cultural, 234–35; migrants and, 198. See also interconnectedness
Constitution, U.S., 232, 233–34, 238n8
consumerism, 8, 63, 143; of Afropolitans, 203, 204–5, 241; elite, 11, 14, 15
conversation, 272–73
cosmopolitanism: Chinese, 254–66, 268n17; colleges role in, 230–31, 234, 236, 237–38; contemporary rise in, 190–91, 199n7; critique overview, 9–16; as experience, 116–25; memory, 13, 149–51; multiculturalism relation to, 59–63, 93; nationalism relation to, 3, 16, 44, 135–36, 138, 196, 200n10; nation-state relationship to, 43–44, 135–40; normative/descriptive, 1–2, 3, 10, 12, 43; old and new, distinction, 1–5, 6, 15–16, 41–43; origins and definition of, 2–9, 16, 41; redistributive, 11, 41–45, 54–56, 144–45; religious identity and, 127–31; singular/plural, 1–2, 3, 4, 10; social class and, 42–43; Stoicism viewed through, 14, 171, 175–87, 236; as style, 190, 191, 192–93, 199n2; vernacular, 13, 145–49; virtual, 111
Cosmopolitanism (Appiah), 41, 59, 156
Cosmopolitan Style: Modernism beyond the Nation (Walkowitz), 242
cultural diversity: in black population, 94–95, 207; economic and, distinction, 11–12. See also multiculturalism
cultural immersion, 154–56, 158–59, 163–64, 166
Dangarembga, Tsitsi, 108, 112–13
Darwinism, 75
da Vinci, Leonardo, 256
dead, treatment of, 158, 174–75
deconstruction, 31, 144, 269n23
democracy, 66, 268n18; as counter-askesis, 81; in global resource distribution, 41; utopian socialists on, 74–75
Derrida, Jacques, 31, 77, 185, 187
Descartes, René, 67
diaspora, 143; African, 103–4, 202, 210; identity problems with, 103, 210; Jewish, 7, 9
diet. See food and diet
difference: affinity and sympathy for, 118, 121–22, 162, 163, 164, 191; Afropolitanism open to, 208; cultural compared to economic, 62–63; global citizens navigating, 189; grade-school education on cultural, 234–36; immigrants circumstantial, 98–99; openness to, 13, 41, 59–60, 61, 156, 271–74; progressive approach to, 158; solidarity with, 159; Stoics on communal, 183–84
Diogenes Laertius, 172–73, 179–80, 182
Diogenes of Sinope (the Cynic), 2–5, 78, 189–90
diversity: anachronistic approach to, 92–93; Central Park designed for, 123; in colleges, 62–63, 94–95, 101n12; as difference without inequality, 62; in New York City, 123–24; U.S. approach to, 94–96. See also cultural diversity; multiculturalism
dualism, 78
Dubai, 141
Du Bois, W. E. B., 91, 92, 118
Durkheim, Emile, 116
ecology movement, 139–40
economic redistribution, 11, 41–45, 54–56, 144–45
economic status: of African émigré, 246–47; Afropolitanism and, 203–8, 241; cosmopolitan style and, 191, 193; cultural compared to, 11–12; diversity of, 62–63; homelessness and, 252n8. See also poverty
education, 173, 234–36. See also colleges
egalitarianism, 55–56
Egypt, 6
elites/elitism, 9, 153, 191, 227; of Afropolitans, 203–8; in Brazil, 23; in colleges, 62–63; consumer, 11, 14, 15; in Portugal, 11, 23–24
émigré. See exile
empathy, 5
empire. See British Empire; imperialism; Ottoman Empire; Roman Empire
England. See Britain
environment, 53, 55, 139–40, 190, 197
equality, 55–56; global, 11; Stoics on political, 183–84. See also inequality
Erie Railroad v. Tompkins, 232
Esperanto, 130
ethical socialism, 76
ethical universalism, 14, 193–96
ethics, 8, 238; of conjuring and disapparation, 69–71; of connection, 65–66, 69; enunciations of, 148–49, 150; historical sphere of, 78–79; of minor globalism, 70–71; “other-regard” in, 77–78; transnational, 66. See also morality
ethnicity, 141; assimilated, 224–27; family of diverse, 271–74; resentment of, in Africa, 227
ethnocentrism, 30, 31, 260–61, 269n23
ethnos, 116
European Union, 8
evolutionary theory, 75
exile/émigré, 73–74, 119, 163; African, 246–47, 250; homelessness contrasted with, 252n8; Portuguese, 22–25
existentialism, 84
experience, 116–25
explorers, 9. See also Burton, Richard
Fairbank, John, 259
faith. See religion and faith
Fanon, Frantz, 78, 203–4, 205, 206
fashion. See style
feminism, 204
Filipinos, 9
films, 38; Chinese, 255–58, 263–65, 266, 267n7; Portuguese, 21–27, 28–29, 38n1
food and diet, 192, 223–24, 225, 271
Ford, Henry, 83
Fraga, Guti, 38
French Empire, 119–20
French Revolution, 128
Freyre, Gilberto, 30
fundamentalists, 78
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, 71, 76, 78, 82–83, 85
Gas (indigenous Ghanaians), 220–26, 227n6, 229n15
Geertz, Clifford, 118
gender, 174
Germany, 135
Ghana, 59–61, 219, 271. See also Accra; Gas
Ghosh, Amitav, 6
Gikandi, Simon, 243
globalisms. See major globalism; minor globalism
globalization, 6, 25–27, 65, 107, 190–91, 199n7, 255
global justice, 142; redistributive, 11, 41–45, 54–56, 144–45; self-sacrifice and, 53–54
global phenomenology, 84
Gold Coast, 221, 227n2, 228n12
Goldsmid, Francis, 164
Goldstein, Joshua, 99–100
Gournay, Jean-François, 157
Great Harmony, 257
Greeks, ancient, 6, 79, 200n12. See also Cynicism; Stoicism
Gymnosophists, 79
Habila, Helon, 201–2
Harney, George Julian, 73
Hartman, Saidiya, 220
Harvey, David, 8–9
Havel, Vaclav, 34
Hegel, G. W. F., 5, 68, 77, 145, 184
hegemony, 9, 33–34, 38, 42, 58n26
Held, David, 268n18
Herberg, Will, 95
Herodotus, 174–75
Herskovits, Melville, 31
Hierocles, 176–78
history: of black African diaspora, 103–4; of law and legality, 231–32; of multiculturalism, 29–33; social class in Portuguese, 22–23; transnational, 84–85; of utopian socialism, 72–74
Hitchens, Christopher, 45
HIV/AIDS, 44
Hobson, J. A., 80
Hofmeyr, Isabel, 76
Holanda, Sérgio Buarque de, 23
Holmes, John Haynes, 83
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 232
home, 12, 119, 120–21, 157, 181–82, 202
“The Homeless Body” (Kawash), 248–50
homelessness, 130; of Afropolitanism, 15, 242, 251–52, 252n8; loss of body and self in, 249–50; spaces, 15, 242, 248–52, 252n8; in urban centers, 248–49
horizontal infinitude, 33, 34, 68–69, 71–72, 76, 81–82
Hull House, 117
human nature, 189
human rights, 8, 13; nation-state role in, 34, 139; universality of, 136–37, 146–48, 193–96, 234, 239nn13–14
Hu Shi, 268n17
hybridity/hybridization, 1, 3, 6, 25, 143, 187; in Africa, 104, 220–27; in Britain, 110; in China, 265
Hyndman, H. M., 72
identity, 48; for Africans, 102–3, 209–10; Afropolitanism in search for, 208–9; for Burton, 157–58; in colonial/ postcolonial literature and newspapers, 108–13; with diaspora, 103, 210; ethnic, 141; for immigrants, 28–29, 97; individual loss of, 33; Jewish, 95–96; kinship and, 176–78; for migrants, 13; minority, 137–38, 145–46; with multiculturalism, 11–12; overlapping, 157–58; politics, 94–95; pre-colonial African, 209–10; primacy of, 60; with religion and faith, 127–31, 160–61, 215; solidarity and, 91–92; Stoics on, 176–77; thick and thin, 129; universalism and, 129–31, 135; in urban centers, 2; of victimhood, 106
“imagined communities,” 32–34
IMF, 203
immigrants, 117, 125; in Africa, 104–5; African, 246–52; from Asia, 98; black, 94–95, 97–98, 101n12; difference of circumstance among, 98–99; exile/émigré, 22–25, 73–74, 119, 163, 246–47, 250, 252n8; in France, 22–25, 151; Hispanic American population as, 98; identity for, 28–29, 97; Indian, 111–12; language loss for, 11, 25, 28–29; in London, 246–47; nation-state principles and, 31–32; from Portugal, 22–25; rural to urban labor shift for, 26–28; in Salt Lake City, 161; slavery with colonial, 31–32; spaces for, 250–51; U.S. historical approach to, 98–99. See also diaspora
imperfectionism, moral, 70, 80, 83–84
imperialism, 4, 6, 9, 13; Afropolitanism and, 14; British, 72–73, 80–81; Burton on, 158; counter measures to, 70, 76; defense of, 68; sovereignty and, 67. See also anti-imperialism; British Empire; Ottoman Empire; Roman Empire
India, 46, 49–50, 111–12, 115n12, 174
India, colonial, 46–53; anti-colonialism in, 114; Burton in, 154–55; racial segregation in, 119; reading and readership of, 12, 108–13
indigenous populations, 35, 38, 140, 174–75, 268n18. See also Gas
Industrial Revolution, 25–28
inequality, 10–11, 62; Afropolitans and economic, 203; in global citizenship, 258; global neoliberalization and, 61; Orwell on, 40–41, 44–47, 49–50, 56n1; post-Industrial Revolution, 27, 28; utilitarianism and, 55–56; utopian socialism on, 73; war and economic, 42
infinite self-extension, 67–68
infinitude, horizontal, 33, 34, 68–69, 71–72, 76, 81–82
injustice. See justice
institutionalization, 138
intellectuals, 23, 266; African, 106–7; multiculturalism role for, 37–38
interconnectedness, 8, 191; digital, 12; horizontal infinitude and, 33, 34, 68–69, 71–72, 76, 81–82; problem solving in, 273–74
Ireland, 202
Islam, 128, 143, 196, 197, 235
James, William, 68–69, 81, 117, 118–19, 158
Japan, 15, 254, 257, 263–64, 268n15
Jews, 116, 128, 200n12; Burton on European, 164–65; diaspora for, 7, 9; pluralism and, 95–96
jingoism, 73
Johannesburg, 107
justice, 142, 191, 195; gender, 174; redistributive, 11, 41–45, 54–56, 144–45; universal idea of, 137. See also global justice
Kang Youwei, 16, 254–55, 257, 262–63
Kant, Immanuel (Kantian), 5, 130, 138, 179, 183; peace as aim for, 42; on reason, 67; on self autonomy, 69; universalism of, 135, 194, 199n5, 257, 267n10
Kawash, Samira, 248–50
Kennan, George F., 40–41, 44, 54
Kepler, Roy, 82
Kierkegaard, Søren, 66
Kingsolver, Barbara, 53
kinship, 176–78, 187n8, 271–74
Kipling, Rudyard, 22, 153, 166
Kizomba, 36
Kobayashi Takiji, 266
kòbòlò, 247–48
Koestler, Arthur, 69
koinos nomos, 182–83
Kojève, Alexandre, 68
“kosmo-polites,” 2
Krishnaswamy, Mahesh, 193
Kristeva, Julia, 147–48
labor migrants, 9
labor movement, 74
laicité, 128–29
language, 22; of affection, 29; appropriation in Brazil, 23, 38n2; commerce and role of, 15; loss of, 11, 25, 28–29, 226–27; postcolonial use and assimilation of, 245–46; preservation of, 60, 105, 130; universal, 130. See also Portuguese
Latour, Bruno, 116
law and legality: of global commerce, 232–33, 238n8; historical view of, 231–32; universalism of, 231–34, 239nn13–14. See also common law
Levinas, Emmanuel, 77
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 37
Liang Congjie, 258–62, 263, 268n19
Liang Sicheng, 259
liberalism, 8. See also neoliberalism
Liberal Party (Britain), 80
Linebaugh, Peter, 9
Lin Huiyin, 258–63
Linton, Ralph, 31
literacy/literariness, 10, 145, 219
literature, 23; African, 242, 253n26; Anglophone, 111–13; bridges in, 255–58; Chinese, 256, 259, 266; colonial/ postcolonial, 12, 108–13, 243; on ecological virtue, 53
loyalties, 10; historical, 138; multiple and overlapping, 43–44; prejudice and, 195–96; to whole over locality, 2–3, 194–95
Macaulay, Thomas, 108
madeleine experience, 23
Maitland, Edward, 78
“Malta Forum,” 128
Mannheim, Karl, 117
Mao Zedong, 262–63
Margalit, Avishai, 13, 142, 151
Marx, Karl (Marxism), 72, 73–74, 84, 102, 136, 266
materialism, 84
May Fourth generation, 257
Mbembe, Achille, 102–7, 203, 205, 209, 243–44, 252
Mead, Margaret, 30–31
medieval era, 6, 15, 230–31, 235
Meirelles, Fernando, 38
meteco (alien), 22, 23, 25, 38n2
metropolis. See urban centers
Mexican Americans. See Hispanic Americans
middle class. See social class
Middle East, 138–39
Mignolo, Walter, 7
migrants, 3, 144, 198; in Dubai, 141; identity for, 13; labor, 9; multiculturalism and, 34
Mill, John Stuart, 73
minor globalism, 65; contemporary form of, 76; ethics of, 70–71; genealogy of, 74, 76, 80, 84; horizontal infinitude in, 68–69, 71–72, 76, 81–82; magical thinking in, 69–70; music analogy for, 66–67, 86n2; political impact of, 71–72
minorities, 31, 137–38, 145–46
Mintz, Sidney, 224
Mitter, Partha, 109, 110, 114n8
mixed-race marriage, 99–100
modernism, 6, 268n15; Africa influence on, 242–43, 244; in China, 264–65, 269n23; colonized peoples and, 243; Eurocentric, 242
moral imperfectionism, 70, 80, 83–84
morality, 7, 26, 127; cosmopolitical memory and, 150–51; of Stoics, 173–74, 175, 182, 184–87
Mormonism, 160–62
Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra. See Brazilian Landless Workers Movement
Mo Yisheng, 254, 255–58, 259, 260, 266, 267n10
Ms Afropolitan. See Salami, Minna
multiculturalism: in arts and entertainment, 37–38, 106–7, 216–19; contemporary forms of, 32, 33–38; cosmopolitanism contrasted with, 59–63, 93; familial, 271–72; historically, 29–33; identity with, 11–12; intellectuals role in, 37–38; pluralist, 93–96
Murphey, Rhoads, 265
Musée Albert-Kahn, 141
Muslims, 7, 128, 139; African population of, 223, 228n12; British Empire treatment of, 158; Burton cultural immersion with, 155; slave rebellion in Bahia, 15, 221. See also Islam
Nakanishi Tsutomu, 263–64, 265
nationalism, 33; African, 106; anti-colonial, 102; Chartism on, 73; Chinese, 260; cosmopolitanism relation to, 3, 16, 44, 135–36, 138, 196, 200n10; ethnocentric, 260–61; imperial, impact, 4, 6; long-distance, 9; Stoicism on, 179–81
nation-state: belonging in, 137–38; cosmopolitanism relationship to, 43–44, 135–40; diasporic populations and, 143; as global citizen, 199n5; human rights relation to, 34, 139; “imagined communities” of, 32–34; immigrants and principles of, 31–32; individual identity loss in, 33; loyalties to, 43–44; minorities identity in, 137–38, 145–46; modernity of, 6; religion and rights of, 34; religion separation from, 128–29; spectral sovereignty of, 13, 141–45
Native Americans, 98, 99, 119–20, 162
natural law. See common law
Nazis, 149–50
negative politics, 142, 145–49, 151
negritude, 106, 209, 242–43, 244
neo-Marxism, 84
Neo-Stoicism, 178
newspapers, 108–11
NGOs. See nongovernmental organizations
Nietzsche, 56
Nightingale, Carl, 119
nondualism, 78
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), 34, 146
nonviolence. See pacifism
Ntewusu, Samuel, 228n12
Nunes, Clara, 35–36
Nussbaum, Martha, 43, 268n18; on civic responsibility of citizenship, 236–37; critics of, 16; on loyalty to humanity, 194–95; Stoic reading of cosmopolitanism by, 14, 175–83, 236
Obama, Barack, 97
obroni (white person), 220
oikeiosis, 177–78
OK Magazine Nigeria, 204
Oliveira, Manoel de, 21–27, 38n1
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 121, 122–24
orality, 219
Orwell, George, 11; on global inequality, 40–41, 44–47, 49–50, 56n1; on Indian poverty, 46, 49–50; political and personal ideology of, 46–48, 56; World War II BBC broadcasts by, 49–52, 58n22; on World War II rationing, 50–52, 54, 58n26
other, 14; affinity and sympathy with, 121–22; ethics of regard for, 77–78; inquiry into, 118; nondualist philosophy on, 78; obligation to, 41, 159, 184–85; urban center experience of, 124
Ou-fan Lee, Leo, 266
Palestinians, 9
Parfit, Derek, 55
Paris, 141
patriotism. See nationalism
Persians, 160
pharmaceutical companies, 44
phenomenology, 84
pluralism, 93–96
politics: in Accra, 224–25; identity, 94–95; minor globalism impact on, 71–72; negative, 142, 145–49, 151; Stoics on equality in, 183–84; transnational movements in, 34, 139–40
polygamy, 161
Portugal: Burton on, 162–63; elitism in, 11, 23–24; émigrés of, 22–25; films from, 21–27, 28–29, 38n1
Portuguese (language): adoption and appropriation of, 15, 23–24; loss of, 25, 28, 225–26
potential histories, 84
poverty: in Afro-Brazilian culture, 36; cultural diversity over, 11–12; Orwell on Indian, 46, 49–50; post-Industrial Revolution, 26–27; pre-Industrial Revolution, 25–26
prejudice, 53; of Burton, 154, 159–60, 163–66; cultural immersion and, 163–64; loyalties and, 195–96
Price, Richard, 224
Protestantism, 128
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 68
Qiantangjiang Bridge, 255, 257, 259, 260, 268n13
Rabinow, Paul, 57n11
race: belonging and, 91–92; in census, 97, 100; Clinton initiative on, 96; cultural diversity within, 94–95, 207; marriage across, 99–100; segregation by, 83; solidarity and, 159; utopian socialism and, 73
racism, 99, 105–6; anti-Chinese, 53; Du Bois on, 91; language and, 246; movement against, in Brazil, 34; multiculturalism and, 30
Ramos, Graciliano, 27
rastaqüero (good-for-nothing), 23, 25, 38n2
rationality, 257–58
Rawlings, Jerry, 60
Reagan, Ronald, 44
reciprocity, 77
Redfield, Robert, 31
Rediker, Marcus, 9
redistribution, economic, 11, 41–45, 54–56, 144–45
Reis, João José, 222
relationality model, 67
religion and faith, 15–16, 140, 162, 174–75; connection through, 7, 196–97, 200n12, 235, 236; ecumenism and, 130; Evangelical, 128, 161; identity with, 127–31, 160–61, 215; nation-state rights and, 34; Stoics on, 173; transnational dialogue of nonviolence and, 82. See also Christians/Christianity; Islam; Judaism; Mormonism; Old Religion; spirituality
Renaissance, 4
ressentiment, 66
retirantes (refugees), 28
rights. See civil rights; human rights
Rolland, Romain, 83
Roman Empire, 5, 175, 178, 180, 187n8
Rorty, Richard, 179
Rushdie, Salman, 245–46
Rustin, Bayard, 83
Said, Edward, 42, 43, 119, 165
Salami, Minna “Ms Afropolitan,” 203, 204–5, 207–8
Salter, William, 83
Salt Lake City, 160–62
Samaj, Brahmo, 110
same-sex marriage, 100
Sartre, Jean Paul, 242–43
science, 15–16, 75–76, 234, 238
Selasi, Taiye, 202, 208, 240–41, 244, 251
self, 78; autonomy, 69; Cynicism and, 80; inquiry, 118, 124; loss of, 249
self-extension, infinite, 67–68
self-identification, 1, 10, 11, 97
Senghor, Léopold Sédar, 242–43
sexism, 34
Shanghai, China, 263–65
Shona, 245–47
Simmermaker, Roger, 53
slavery, 144; black Africans in global, 103; British Empire wealth and, 45; with colonialism and immigration, 31–32; humanitarianism and abolition of, 6
slaves: company artisanal, 223, 228n11; culture of former, 15, 222; Hegel philosophy on, 5, 68, 77; Muslim, rebellion, 15, 221
social class, 9, 50, 122, 227, 246–47; cosmopolitanism from lower, 42–43; culture over, 63; diversity of, in New York City, 123–24; Orwell on, 49, 56n1; in Portuguese history, 22–23; “second class” citizens and, 30–31; utopian socialism and inequalities of, 73. See also economic status
socialism, 16, 46, 53, 71–77, 80, 136
social oikeiosis, 177–78
solidarity: in Afropolitanism, 102; identity and, 91–92; minority, 146; problem of, 92–100; racial difference and, 159; with religion, 196; violence in African, 106
South Africa, 107
sovereignty, 14, 32–33, 70, 77–78; Arendt on, 135–36; citizen, 145–46; cosmopolitanism and national, 135–40; financial structures replacing, 141–42; imperialism and, 67; Schmitt on, 68; spectral, 13, 141–45. See also major globalism; spectral sovereignty
spaces, 14; Central Park, 121, 122–23; home, 12, 202; homelessness and, 15, 242, 248–52, 252n8
spectral sovereignty, 13, 141–45
Spence, Jonathan, 269n23
spiritualism, 74
spirituality, 69, 75–76, 78, 81–82, 162
Stevens, Wallace, 171
Stockdale, James Bond, 187n1
Stoicism, 4, 5, 187n1; on affiliation and identity, 176–77; on communal equality and difference, 183–84; cosmopolitanism view from, 14, 171, 175–87, 236; on friendship, 186–87; on global citizenship, 190; on morality, 173–74, 175, 182, 184–87; on nationalism, 179–81; on natural law, 182–83; on sex, 174; on wisdom (wise men), 172, 178, 183
style (fashion): Afropolitan, 203, 204–5, 242; cosmopolitanism as, 190, 191, 192–93, 199n2
subjunctive mode, 84
suburbs, 120
Summer, William G., 30
Supreme Court, U.S., 231–32
sympathy, 118, 121–22, 162, 163, 164, 191
Tabon: assimilation of, 223–24; Ga relations historically with, 222–26, 227n6, 229n15; return to Africa, 15, 219–22, 227n6
Tagore, Rabindranath, 264
television, 255–58
temporality, 85
terrorism, 190
theater, 37–38
theism, 67
Thousand and One Nights (Burton), 156, 157, 163
Todorov, Tzetvan, 119
totalitarianism, 80
trade policy, 144
transnational: of Afropolitan culture, 107; of ethics, 66; history of, 84–85; of nonviolence, 82; political movements, 34, 139–40
tribalism, 153
Tveit, Marta, 202
Union Square (New York City), 123
United States (U.S.), 44; diversity approach in, 94–96; economic sacrifice from, 53–54; hegemony in, 42, 58n26; immigration approach historically in, 98–99; Jewish pluralism in, 95–96; law and legal system in, 231–34, 238n8; multiculturalism intolerance in, 32; wealth distribution globally and, 40
universalism, 16, 57n11, 60, 149; ethical, 14, 193–96; human rights and, 136–37, 146–48, 193–96, 234, 239nn13–14; identity and, 129–31, 135; Kantian, 135, 194, 199n5, 257, 267n10; language and, 130; of law and legality, 231–34, 239nn13–14; of rationality, 257–58
universities. See colleges
unothering (ananya), 78
unselfing (anatta), 78
UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 136, 146–48
urban centers, 120–21; African culture in, 244–45, 247–49; agricultural workers in, 26–28; competition in, 122; contemporary scene of, 125; crisis in African, 215–16, 248; homelessness in, 248–49; identity in, 2; others experienced in, 124; poverty in, 26–27; Tabon skills and assimilation into, 223–24
U.S. See United States
utilitarianism, 55–56
utonal/otonal, 65, 66–67, 83, 85, 86n2
utopianism, 254
utopian socialism, 16, 53, 71–77, 80
VanderStaay, Steven, 248
vernacular cosmopolitanism, 13, 145–49
Vila, Martinho da, 36
Vivekananda, Swami, 82
von Hesse, Herman, 227n6
Wainaina, Binyavanga, 201, 241
Walkowitz, Rebecca, 242, 245–46, 251
Walzer, Michael, 129
war, 42, 68, 71, 190. See also World War II
War Resister’s League, 82
wealth, 246; of Afropolitans, 203–4, 241; distribution of global, 40–41, 61; Jewish identity and, 95–96; slavery and British Empire, 45
Weber, Max, 67
welfare state, 44
West Africa, 107, 221, 223–26. See also Accra; Ghana
White, Richard, 119–20
Wilde, Oscar, 75
Williams, Raymond, 84
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 67
World War II, 11, 48, 219; Orwell BBC broadcasts during, 49–52, 58n22; rationing for British Empire during, 50–52, 54, 58n26
Yuracko, Kimberly, 192
Zhou Bing, 267n7
Zimbabwe, 244–45