Notes

Chapter One

Main source for Elliott’s ancestors is inf Jan McCombe. Immigrants’ troubles in rough seas: R. Broome, Arriving (Sydney, 1984), p. 70.
Selectors everywhere: St Arnaud Mercury 24.6.1874, quoted in R. Falla (ed), Knocking About (Donald, 1976), p. 15. Fearful gale: St Arnaud Mercury 15.9.1875, quoted in Falla (ed), p. 47.
Unforeseen expenses: T. Janverin to Minister for Lands 28.10.1875, VPRS 626/2171/553, PROV. Janverin’s request: T. Janverin to Minister for Lands 24.4.1878, VPRS 626/2177/884, PROV. Elliott seeking extension: T. Elliott to Secretary for Lands 9.9.1878, VPRS 626/2171/553, PROV. Low yield: T. Janverin to Minister for Lands 23.12.1880, VPRS 626/2177/884, PROV.
Request for a school: J. Postich & others to W. O’Callaghan MP 12.4.1881, VPRS 795/1476, PROV. Rock Tank’s inadequate accommodation: J. Sadler to Secretary, Education Department 30.4.1888, VPRS 640/1692, PROV. Intellectual poverty: R. Selleck, Frank Tate (Melbourne, 1982), p. 82.
Harold a keen student: ECT 25.3.1931. Awkward bush shyness: HE to KE 27.7.1917.
Robert’s accident: VPRS 7556/P1/4670, PROV. False pretences and arson: VPRS 30/742 & VPRS 7556/P1/4670, PROV; Bendigo Advertiser 15.10.1886. Snakebite: ECT 19.1.1889, Charlton Independent 18.1.1889. Rampage: ECT 23.2.1889, Charlton Independent 26.2.1889. Escape: Police Gazette (Vic) 20.11.1889, p. 380.
Wheat industry in crisis: T. Dingle, Settling (Sydney, 1984), p. 111. Kimberley goldfields unsettling: ECT 26.6.1886. Breaches of Education Act: ECT 27.3.1886, 26.6.1886, 28.6.1890.
Dundas Hills: Ballarat Star 19.2.1895. Helen fuming: Donald Times 10.7.1894. Payment impossible: H. Elliott to Secretary for Lands 29.3.1894, VPRS 626/2177/884, PROV.
Effusive announcement: West Australian 3.7.1894. Confusion re discoverer’s identity: West Australian 3.7.1894, Argus 3.7.1894, Avoca Mail and Pyrenees District Advertiser 6.7.1894, Avoca Free Press and Farmers and Miners Journal 4.7.1894, Donald Times 10.7.1894.

Chapter Two

Ballarat: W. Bate, Lucky City (Melbourne, 1978), p. 180 (‘howling wilderness’), pp. 225-6 (‘city of statues’).
Nell: VPRS 24/1894/1404, PROV; Ballarat Courier 19-21.11.94.
Ballarat College rules: Prospectus, 1907. Garbutt’s priorities: Prospectus, 1907 & Bate, p. 236. Newton Wanliss on Garbutt: W. Mein, History of Ballarat College 1864-1964 (Ballarat, 1964), p. 37. Sturt Street: A.G. Austin (ed), The Webbs’ Australian Diary 1898 (Melbourne, 1965), p. 91. Harold’s results: Ballarat Courier 13.12.1895, 11.12.1896, 17.12.1897. Garbutt’s tribute: Ballarat Courier 18.12.1897. ‘Jumbo’: inf Lorraine Paddle.
Ormond generally: S. Macintyre (ed), Ormond College Centenary Essays (Melbourne, 1984); D. Chambers, A History of Ormond College 1881-1945 (MA thesis, University of Melbourne, 1966). Stodgy food: P.A. Jacobs, A Lawyer Tells (Melbourne, 1949), p. 22. MacFarland: Macintyre, Ormond Essays, pp. 48-9.
Elliott’s academic results: UMA. University Officers Corps: Alma Mater April 1898, p. 31. Reading Henderson on Stonewall Jackson: CPD 27.4.1921, p. 7729. Students’ Club: Minutes 30.5.1898, 6.3.1899, 5.3.1900, UMA.

Chapter Three

Hughes analogy: F. Crowley (ed), A Documentary History of Australia: Colonial Australia 1875-1900 (Melbourne, 1980), p. 571. Condescension: Alma Mater September 1899.
Tremearne on enlisters’ motives: A.J.N. Tremearne, Some Austral-African Notes and Anecdotes (London, 1913), pp. 2-3. Stirring farewell: Tremearne, p. 7.
Riding test: G. Witton, Scapegoats of the Empire (Melbourne, 1907), p. 2. Langwarrin: Argus 17 & 30.4.1900; M. Chamberlain, Victoria at War 1899-1902 (MA thesis, University of Melbourne, 1977), pp. 90-2. Departure of Bushmen: Argus 2.5.1900.
Voyage: Witton, pp. 8-10; E. Tivey to M. Tivey 20 & 25.5.1900, Tivey papers 3DRL 3058/2, AWM.
Journey to Bamboo Creek: E. Tivey to M. Tivey 22.6.1900, 3DRL 3058/2. Bamboo Creek: Witton, p. 20. To Umtali: E. Tivey to M. Tivey 22.6.1900, 3DRL 3058/2. Unsettling night noises: Witton, p. 24.
Clash with sergeant-major: CPD 5.5.1921 p. 8091. Queen’s death: E. Tivey to M. Tivey 23.1.1901, 3DRL 3058/2.
Pursuing de Wet: HE D Feb 1901, EP 3DRL 3297/1; E. Tivey to M. Tivey 10, 19 & 25.2.1901, 3DRL 3058/2; G. Powell, Plumer (London, 1990), pp. 77-80; E. Childers (ed), The Times History of the War in South Africa 1899-1902 vol. 5 (London, 1907), pp. 135-57.
Notable exploit: varying accounts include Argus 10 & 30.4.1901, 17.5.1901; Age 10.4.1931; Times 24.3.1931; HE to G. McCrae 16.4.1917, McCP; R.L. Wallace, The Australians at the Boer War (Canberra, 1976), p. 308.
Elliott commended: Argus 8, 26 & 28.3.1901. Cable from Ormond: Ormond College Students’ Club records, UMA.
Victorians have no idea: E. Tivey to M. Tivey 3.3.1901, 3DRL 3058/2. No rest: E. Tivey to M. Tivey 22.5.1901, 3DRL 3058/2. Engagement, 12 May: HE Boer War diary 12.5.1901, EP 3DRL 3297/1; E. Tivey D 12.5.1901, 3DRL 3058/1; Historical Record of the Victorian Imperial Bushmen, EP 1DRL 264/1A. Inclement weather: Tivey D 13.5.1901, 3DRL 3058/1; F.G. Purcell letter 10.6.1901, Purcell papers, PR 88/121, AWM.
Wallace’s praise: J. Stirling, The Colonials in South Africa 1899-1902 (London, 1907), p. 428.
Return voyage: HE to C. Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B; K. Mackay to Colonel Cooper 16.8.1901, EP 2DRL 513/13. Welcome home: Age & Argus 13.7.1901.
British not superior: Age 28.5.1921. Discipline in the Guards: CPD 5.5.1921, p. 8097. Learning from Guards NCOs, & ex-British sergeant and cheeky bugler: HE lecture notes, EP 2DRL 513/1. Glowing praise 30 years later: Age 26.3.1931.
Britannic and Victorians: Argus 26.8.1901; B. Hayes, Hull Down (London, 1925), pp. 131-3. Elliott on Witton: CPD 11.5.1921, p. 8246.
Testimonials: K. Mackay to Colonel Cooper 16.8.1901, EP 2DRL 513/13; N.W. Kelly to HE 21.8.1901, EP 1DRL 264/1A; J. Garbutt to HE 16.11.1901, EP 2DRL 513/43; J.R. Cairns to HE 18.11.1901, EP 2DRL 513/13; J. MacFarland statement 5.11.1901, EP 2DRL 513/13.
No railway, road or bridge: M. O’Farrell to ‘Ned’ 12.9.1901, O’Farrell papers, NAM. Border Scouts: Stirling, pp. 249-51. Birkbeck cable, & Kitchener telegram: EP 2DRL 513/13.

Chapter Four

Academic results: UMA. Harrison Moore: B. Nairn & G. Serle (eds), ADB vol. 10 (Melbourne, 1986), p. 574. Hancock’s praise: K. Hancock, Country and Calling (London, 1954), p. 70. Not supremely brilliant: Duckboard, 1.5.1931. Evening debate at city cafe: Law Students’ Society records, University of Melbourne. Honours: University of Melbourne examinations, 1906. Testimonial: EP 2DRL 513/13.
University footballers different: L. Sandercock & I. Turner, Up Where Cazaly (London, 1982), p. 260. First glimpse of Violet: HE to V. Elliott 16.5.1918.
No non-military holidays: CPD 20.8.1924, p. 3325. Kipling: HE to K. Roberts 31.12.1916, EP 3DRL 3297/14. Excellent officer: MP 84/1, 430/2/3 & 430/2/39, NAA (Victorian branch). World going mad: J. Mordike, An Army for a Nation (Sydney, 1992), p. 221.
Lecture on discipline: EP 2DRL 513/1. Native-born taunted: HE to C. Chomley 25.4.1918, Marsh papers, NLA. Pep-talk at officers’ training school: Essendon Gazette 17.7.1913. Matters of conscience: HE to KE 27.7.1918.
Smoke night saga: T. White papers (made available by Judith Harley); Herald 10.5.1913. Military fete: Essendon Gazette 2.4.1914; Argus 30.3.1914.
‘Do it again’: inf Alec Burns.

Chapter Five

‘Look here Mac’: CPD 28.4.1921, p. 7829.
Tubb to Euroa enlisters: C. Wignell, interviewed by Murray Hamilton 10.7.1979 (transcript made available by Murray Hamilton). Clarrie Wignell: inf C. Wignell.
March to Broadmeadows: A.W. Keown, Forward with the Fifth (Melbourne, 1921), p. 18. First impressions: A. Dean & E. Gutteridge, The Seventh Battalion AIF (Melbourne, 1933), p. 8. Ironsides comparison: HE to 7 Bn, February 1916, EP 2DRL 513/35.
Soaked: GM to A. McCrae 21.9.1914, McCP. ‘One learns exactly’: HE to K. Roberts 17.3.1917, EP 3DRL 3297/14. E Coy exuberance: J. Lack, A History of Footscray (Footscray, 1991), p. 211. No hyphens: H.F. O’Neill D, 7 Bn Assn papers, PR 87/215, AWM.
Inexperience undetectable: CPD 24.11.1920, p. 6886. Lunch with Elliott: C. Kent Hughes to G. Kent Hughes 2.9.1914, Kent Hughes papers (made available by Lady Kent Hughes).
Footscray send-off: Lack, pp. 211-12. Essendon function: Essendon Gazette 10.9.1914. Parade through Melbourne: Argus 26.9.1914. Horse batmen: Despatches 1937. Tired of Broadmeadows: W. Kent Hughes, ‘The Departure’, Kent Hughes papers. ‘Goodbye now’: HE to KE 18.10.1914.
Dog-boxes: GM to A. McCrae 18.10.1914, McCP. Sardines: W. Kent Hughes, ‘The Departure’, Kent Hughes papers. Disbelieve rumours: EP 2DRL 513/44. ‘Very fine sight’: HE D 1.11.1914. No marital regrets: HE to KE 11.11.1914. Ibuki: HE to KE 11.11.1914. ‘Emden beached and done for’: OH vol. 1, p. 106. Happy family: GM to ‘everyone’ 25.10.1914, McCP. Colombo: HE to KE 23.11.1914. Perspiration: W. Kent Hughes to G. Kent Hughes 14.11.1914, Kent Hughes papers; GM to ‘everyone’ 25.10.1914, McCP. ‘Scarlet runners’: E. Pinder to C. Bean 4.4.1960, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/46.
To Egypt: HE to KE 1.12.1914. Intense affection: HE to KE 1 & 3.12.1914. ‘Very interesting journey’: HE D 6.12.1914. A ‘considerable stay’: HE D 7.12.1914. To Cairo with Layh: HE D 8.12.1914.
Hygiene: HE to KE 10 & 13.12.1914; HE to BC 13.1.1915; HE D 7.12.1914. Thieves and cheats: HE to KE 13.12.1914. Prostitution: HE to KE 22.2.1915. ‘Stupendous Scene of Stoush’: Dean & Gutteridge, p. 12.
Cairo ceremony: HE D 20.12.1914, HE to KE 21.12.1914. Reid’s speech: O’Neill D; C.B.L. Lock, The Fighting Tenth (Adelaide, 1936), pp. 312-13. March past: F. Tubb D 30.12.1914 (made available by Murray Hamilton).
‘Training was hard’: O’Neill D. Little news: HE to KE 10.1.1915. Marching song: O’Neill D. ‘Pompey has been working us’: A. Latreille, The Natural Garden (Melbourne, 1990), p. 8. ‘Pompey the bastard’: Illustrated Tasmanian Mail 21.8.1929. My ideal soldier: R. Taylor to HE 2.3.1916, EP 2DRL 513/14. Knows how to make soldiers: B. Elliott to H. Stones 9.1.1915 (made available by Anne Latreille). Lubke: HE to KE 31.1.1915.
Knees knocking: HE to KE 18.3.1915. ‘Captain Weddell’: Despatches 1952. ‘Captain McKenna’: Despatches 1956. Signallers’ dread: O’Neill D.
Hat story: Mufti March 1954, pp. 26-7; O’Neill D; Despatches 1967, p. 12. ‘Twist his ear’: HE, Recollections, PR 87/215, AWM.
First impression of Birdwood: HE to KE 31.1.1915. Disagreement over tactical exercise: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46.
Urgent summons: HE to KE 2.2.1915. Firing line at daylight: HE to KE 13.2.1915. ‘Damn it, man’: Despatches 1947. ‘By God Denehy’: Despatches 1940, 1947. Bootless sergeant: Despatches 1937.
McCrae incensed: GM to H. McCrae 26 & 28.2.1915, McCP. In they go: J. Gellibrand to W. Gellibrand 8 & 14.3.1915, Gellibrand papers 3DRL 6541/2, AWM. ‘It is just scandalous’: HE to KE 4.1.1915. Sending wasters home: HE to KE 29.2.1915. Wonderful behaviour overall: HE to KE 13.2.1915. Bean’s despatch a great pity: HE to KE 7.3.1915. Boer War veterans angry: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Requesting statistical analysis, no objection from McCay, but disallowed: HE to J. McCay 7.3.1915, J. McCay to W. Bridges 7.3.1915 & J. Gellibrand to J. McCay n.d. [March 1915], Gellibrand papers 3DRL 1473/104 AWM. Bridges opposed to Bean addressing meeting: Bean D 9.3.1915, 3DRL 606/2, p. 57. ‘I was summoned’: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46.
Stand up for my boys: HE to KE 14.3.1915. Misconduct minimal, Essendon boys in splendid health: HE to J.F. Henderson 18.3.1915, EP 2DRL 513/44.
Hot as hell: GM to H. McCrae 28.2.1915, McCP. Sucking pebbles: GM to G., A. & H. McCrae 13.3.1915, McCP. Sick of sand and dust: HE to KE 25.3.1915.
Hamilton’s praise: HE to KE 3.4.1915. Elliott pleased: A. Court to mother 2.4.1915, Court papers (made available by Jim Court). Delighted to be leaving: HE to KE 4.4.1915.

Chapter Six

Satisfied with officers: HE to BC 22.4.1915. Blick splendid: HE to KE 19.5.1915. Good pals: HE to BC 22.4.1915.
Exceedingly dangerous: HE to KE 22.4.1915. Wonderfully interesting trip: HE to KE 13.4.1915. Duty paramount: HE to KE 19.12.1914. Reading letters over and over: HE to KE 18.3.1915. Watching and waiting: HE to KE 23.2.1915.
Bennett reflective: SMH 25.4.1939. A. Henderson’s letter, 24.4.1915: 1DRL 339, AWM.
Main source is HE D; Elliott described the landing in a detailed separate diary entry, which is referred to hereafter as HE D (Landing). It is located at the start of the second volume of his 1914-1919 diaries, viz 2DRL 513/3.
‘Keep your bum down’: inf E. Marshall. Machine-gun fire: D. Winter, 25 April 1915 (Brisbane, 1994), p. 173.
Sinclair-Maclagan pessimistic: OH vol. 1, p. 222; C. Bean, Two Men I Knew (Sydney, 1957), p. 53.
Henderson’s message: OH vol. 1, p. 372; HE D (Landing). Howse scathing: J. Robertson, Anzac and Empire (Sydney, 1990), p. 197. Murder: M. Tyquin, Neville Howse (Melbourne, 1999), p. 162.
Illness: HE to KE 7.5.1915.
Pre-war advice: Essendon Gazette 17.7.1913. Wignell on the Landing: unattributed newscutting, 7 Bn Assn papers, PR 87/215, AWM.
McCay: Winter, p. 166; HE D (Landing).
Objective too difficult: HE D (Landing). Elliott proud: HE to KE 13.5.1915; HE to G. Henderson 11.5.1915, Argus 24.6.1915; HE to J.F. Henderson n.d., Essendon Gazette 10.6.1915.
McArthur, & Elliott lyrical: HE to C. Chomley nd [1918], Marsh papers, NLA. Stones: E. Stones letter 16.5.1915 (made available by Anne Latreille). Heighway smelling burning paint: Age 12.6.1915.
‘I wonder’: HE to KE 13.5.1915. Stones cable: Latreille, p. 16. Cables re Elliott: Defence Dept to KE 30.4.1915 & HE to G. Roberts 2.5.1915, EP 2DRL 513/44. Like Sandringham: HE to KE 3.5.1915. No finer feat: Argus 8.5.1915.
Hunter-Weston: R. James, Gallipoli (London, 1965), p. 210 (‘self-important and vain’); S. Robbins, ‘The Right Way to Play the Game’: The Ethos of the British High Command in the First World War’, Imperial War Museum Review 6 (1991), p. 41 (latrines inspections); J. North to C. Carrington 30.4.1917, North papers, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, University of London (‘off his head’). Shovels like umbrellas: C. Bean, Anzac to Amiens (Canberra, 1968), p. 124. Should have been shot: O’Neill D. Elliott’s response to news of Krithia: HE to KE 17.5.1915.
Grills: S. Grills D 9.5.1915, 7 Bn Assn papers, PR 87/215, AWM. Hunter on no beg pardons: Ballarat Courier 7.9.1914. Elliott on Hendersons: HE to KE 19.5.1915. McCrae: GM to G., A. & H. McCrae 2.5.1915, 2.6.1915, McCP. Elder Henderson brother: Hancock, Country and Calling, p. 54. ‘What will be the end’: HE to KE 23.5.1915. Condolence letter to Hendersons: HE to G.G. Henderson 25.6.1915 (made available by Dr Margaret Henderson).

Chapter Seven

Elliott’s return: Grills D 4.6.1915. Not many left, & Anzac transformed: HE to KE 7.6.1915.
‘It is very hot’: HE to KE 28.6.1915. ‘We rushed’: HE to KE 7.6.1915. ‘You would laugh’, & ‘At this moment’: HE to KE 14.6.1915. Close shaves: GM to G., A. & H. McCrae 12.6.1915, McCP; HE to KE 28.6.1915; Despatches 1932. Elliott swimming: HE to KE 26.8.1915.
Elliott’s snipers installed: HE to KE 28.6.1915. Until the last gleam: Reveille 31.3.1930, p. 7. Carne finding it very hot: P. Carne D 3.7.1915 (made available by Allan Box).
Bombardments at Steele’s: HE to KE 7.7.1915. Carne’s shaken nerves: Carne D 6.7.1915.
Tunnel encounter: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46; HE to KE 12.7.1915; OH vol. 2, pp. 333-4; HE to Bean 20.9.1919 & ‘Fighting in Tunnels at G.O.T.’, AWM 38 3DRL 8042/29. Elliott’s justification: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. ‘My boy’: G. Pennefather to KE 10.10.1915, EP 2DRL 513/15.
Greig’s attack: HE D 13.7.1915; OH vol. 2, pp. 337-40. Tubb’s initiation: Tubb D 10-13.7.1915. Elliott devastated: HE to KE 12.7.1915. ‘It is terrible’, & ‘For myself’: HE to KE 21.7.1915.
Cracking the whip: Tubb D 20-21.7.1915, HE D 25-28.7.1915. Untrained reinforcements: Grills D 31.5.1915; OH vol. 2, pp. 411-12; HE to KE 28.6.1915; Tubb D 4.7.1915.
Identifying with the 7th: HE to J. Latham 26.7.1915, Latham papers 1009/1/141, NLA; HE to J. Richardson 26.7.1915, Richardson papers 3DRL 3328, AWM. Kerby: HE D 20, 26.7.1915; Tubb D 26-29.7.1915.
Elliott’s realisation: HE to KE 21.7.1915. Grills’ departure: Grills D 13-21.7.1915.
Bean detects a mood change: OH vol. 2, pp. 426-7. Elliott hoping for the best: HE to Richardson 26.7.1915, 3DRL 3328, AWM.
Johnston’s Jolly operation: HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM; OH vol. 2, p. 496. Address to 6th Reinforcements: Despatches 1957, 1958; Tubb D 5.8.1915.
Dyett, Edwards and Symons: ADB vols. 8 & 12; R. McMullin, ‘Bendigo’s Original Anzac’, Wartime 8 (Summer 1999), pp. 34-5; Bendigo Advertiser 22.3.1916; Bendigo Independent 13.1.1916.
Elliott on 1st Brigade: HE to KE 8.8.1915. ‘We were saved’: HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM. Like an underground city: HE to KE 8.8.1915.
7 Bn at Lone Pine: HE BR; 7 Bn D; HE D; Tubb D 6-10.8.1915; HE to KE August 1915; HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM; OH vol. 2, pp. 553-63.
Splashed with blood and brains: HE to C.B.B. White 30.5.1930, EP 2DRL 513/46. Allocating meagre resources: HE to KE 26.8.1915. Dealing with unsettled recruits: HE to KE 14.8.1915.
Number 1 Post: HE to KE 8.8.1915, OH vol. 2, pp. 557, 561-3. Tubb’s post: Tubb D 10.8.1915, OH vol. 2, pp. 560-1. Edwards: Bendigo Advertiser cutting n.d. [1917], Edwards papers, Talbot Museum.
Walker: HE BR, pp. 13-14; HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM. ‘Hang on boys’: Despatches 1968, p. 53. Most desperate battle: HE to KE 14.8.1915. Would swap the glory: HE to KE 8.8.1915. D Coy losses: Bendigo Advertiser 22.3.1916. 5 Bn assistant: T. Murphy interview, SLV. Tubb thrilled: Tubb D 10.8.1915.
Elliott’s difficult task: HE BR, p. 14. Dunstan: Independent Monthly July 1989; K. Dunstan, No Brains At All (Melbourne, 1990), pp. 67-70. Webb: HE to KE 8.8.1915; HE BR, p. 12. Graphic glimpse: HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM.
‘The dead still lay’: HE to KE 14.8.1915. Watching Turks scatter: HE to KE 18.8.1915. Elliott not conned: Despatches 1946. Elliott’s high standards and standing: HE to KE 26.8.1915. Ill: HE D 26-28.8.1915; HE to KE 15.9.1915.

Chapter Eight

Pleurisy: HE to KE 15 & 19.9.1915. ‘Most beautiful place’: HE D 24.9.1915. No endurance: HE to KE 6.10.1915.
Gateshead fortnight: HE to KE 12.10.1915, 7.11.1915; HE to ME 15.10.1915, McCombe papers. A terrible rush: HE to KE 6.11.1915. Piles: HE to KE 19.10.1915. ‘I have the feeling’ & ‘ordinary sort of person’: HE to BC 21.11.1915.
Pinder critical: E. Pinder to Bean 4.4.1960, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/46. Unjust and unreasonable: Tubb D 21.7.1915.
Delighted about VCs, ‘more than any slab’: HE to KE 12.11.1915. ‘When I think’, ‘Your old man’ & ‘I told them’: HE to KE 16.11.1915. Ken Walker: HE to KE 1.10.1915.
Missing Kate: HE to KE 12 & 16.11.1915. Letters an inspiration: HE to KE 18.8.1915.
Evacuation bombshell HE to KE 12.12.1915; Robertson, p. 182. Scurry, Lawrence and drip-rifle: R. McMullin, ‘Escape from Gallipoli’, Wartime 12 (Summer 2000), pp. 28-31.
Disappointed he could not ‘stick it out’: HE to KE 26.12.1915. Cause of ankle injury: inf W. Carter, B. Lawrence. Same old ward: HE to KE 26.12.1915. Amazed by success: HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM. Recovery slow: HE to KE 2.1.1916; HE to Richardson 25.1.1916, 3DRL 3328, AWM.
Stiff penalty: Despatches 1947. Lawrence disciplined: inf B. Lawrence. Sad and weary: HE to KE 7.2.1916. Annoyed by unfairness: HE to G. McCrae 26.1.1916, McCP. Reliving Lone Pine: HE to KE 27.1.1916, 2.2.1916. Easily riled: HE to KE 7.2.1916.
Symons and the King: HE to KE 2.2.1916. Farewell message: Despatches 1966, p. 31.
Initially ill-at-ease: HE to KE 18.2.1916; HE to BC 19.2.1916. English staff: HE to KE 25.2.1916. British officers’ changed attitude: HE to KE 16.1.1916. Pleasing transfer to 15 Bde: HE to KE 8.3.1916.
Looking to White for support: HE D 9.3.1916; HE to White 12.3.1916, EP 3DRL 3297/14. Not forthcoming: White to HE 11[=12].3.1916, EP 3DRL 3297/14. Legge’s response: Legge to HE 12.3.1916, EP 3DRL 3297/14. Elliott’s livid rejoinder: HE to White 14.3.1916, EP 3DRL 3297/14. Elliott on Birdwood: HE to KE 14.4.1916. Birdwood letter to Pearce 24.3.1916, Birdwood papers, 3 DRL 3376, AWM; Elliott on Irving: HE to KE 2 & 14.4.1916. Prince of Wales: HE D 22.3.1916. Spirited talk with White: HE D 22.3.1916; HE to KE 24.3.1916. Wieck splendid: HE to KE 17.4.1916. Reluctant acceptance: HE D 22.3.1916.
McCay unpopular: HE to KE 20.3.1916. Initial briefing: Birdwood to Pearce 24.3.1916, 3 DRL 3376, AWM. Elliott summoned: HE D 23.3.1916.
‘I was awakened’ & ‘not even a wart’: J. Schroder in AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. ‘Send them back!’: unattributed newscutting, McCombe papers. Walker’s visit: HE D 20.3.1916, HE to KE 24.3.1916. McCrae on freemasonry: GM to G. McCrae 5.3.1916, McCP. 4,000 ‘lives rest on my judgment’: HE to KE 14.4.1916.
Drawing pistol: HE to KE 14.4.1916. ‘Who lit that?’: inf H. O’Brien. Protest re water: Bulletin 22.5.1929. Sympathising with Irvine: HE to KE 2.5.1916.
Wright: R. Taylor to HE 2.3.1916 & 27.5.1916, EP 2DRL 513/14.
Bit of a lecture: K. Roberts to HE 12.4.1916, EP 2DRL 513/14. Elliott touched: HE to KE 18.5.1916.
Brigade’s pleasing progress: HE to KE 11.5.1916. ‘I am gradually’, & Morrow excellent: HE to KE 8.5.1916. McCrae a favourite: HE to G. McCrae 26.1.1916, McCP. ‘People tell me’: HE to KE 6.6.1916. Old fossils, & Field’s illness: HE to KE 18.5.1916; HE D 20.5.1916.
Blick: HE to KE 20.4.1916; Argus 25.4.1916. Children: HE to KE 3.6.1916, 8.5.1916, & 29.5.1916.
Accolades: HE to KE 6.6.1916 (McCay); HE to KE 5.6.1916 (Wagstaff). Davies ill: HE to KE 21.6.1916.

Chapter Nine

Elliott impressed, Steenbecque & communication with Madame Brunet: HE to KE 3.7.1916. Madame Brunet excited, & strict edict re conduct: HE to KE 5.7.1916. Terrific bombardment: HE to KE 3.7.1916. Wieck & Legge: HE to KE 24.7.1916, 11.5.1916. Tivey: Birdwood to Pearce 3.7.1916, 3DRL 3376, AWM.
Haking claiming attackers’ success inevitable: R. Haking, Company Training (London, 1913), p. 103. Game on Haking: P. Game to G. Game 20.12.1915 & 3.2.1916, Game papers, IWM. Haking keen on Aubers Ridge: E.C. Jepp to J. Edmonds 13.3.1937, CAB 45/134, PRO. Boar’s Head: N. Lytton, The Press and the General Staff (London, 1920), p. 42; WO 95/2563, PRO.
McCay too eager: HE to BC 26.8.1916. Artillery inadequate: P. Landon to Edmonds 2.4.1937, CAB 45/135, PRO; W. Greene to Edmonds 13.5.1937, CAB 45/134, PRO.
Carter: G. Christie-Miller memoirs pp. 163, 174, 190, IWM. Conversation with Howard: AWM 38 3DRL 6673/954, p. 7. Haking adamant: OH vol. 3, p. 347. Elliott’s misgivings: HE D 17.7.1916.
‘My poor boys’: HE to KE 18.7.1916. Slackness in 58th: HE D 18.7.1916. Jackson: HE to G. McCrae 6.5.1918, McCP. Tom Elliott’s transfer reversed: HE to BC 17.12.1916.
‘I am writing this’: HE to KE 19.7.1916. McCrae’s letter is in McCP. Tom Elliott’s letter: 3DRL 2872, AWM.
‘Boys, you won’t find’: OH vol. 3, p. 362. Haking’s assurance: memorandum 16.7.1916, WO 95/881, PRO. Mapless artillery commander: WO 95/165, PRO.
Messages sent by Elliott & the communication from 184 Bde are in 15 BD. Doyle: R. Corfield, Hold Hard, Cobbers vol. 1, 1912-1930 (Melbourne, 1992), p. 34. Greyhounds on the leash: OH vol. 3, pp. 394-5. Splendid dash: OH vol. 3, p. 395. McCay’s 9.25 message: 5 Div D. No further use: OH vol. 3, p. 398. Criss-crossed lattice of death: W. Downing, To the Last Ridge (Melbourne, 1920), pp. 24-6.
A thousand butcher-shops: H. Knyvett, Over There with the Australians (London, 1918), p. 155. Everything red: Downing, p. 30. Doyle: Corfield, p. 34. An hour’s hard work: Downing, p. 29. Heart-rending spectacle: OH vol. 3, p. 437. A ‘tremendous length’: AWM 38 3DRL 606/123, pp. 19-20. Legge’s messages to Elliott are in 15 BD. Schroder accompanying Elliott, & Pompey’s tears: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276; inf A. Ebdon. Smith, & rescuers ‘out under fire six times’: Strathbogie: A Souvenir of the District Soldiers’ Memorial. Truce: R. Corfield, Don’t Forget Me Cobber (Melbourne, 2000), pp. 260-70, 452-63. Marshall and Knuckey: inf B. Knuckey. Fraser’s account: letter dated 31.7.1916, 1DRL 300, AWM.
Unprepared little shows: OH vol. 3, p. 443. ‘Poor old Tivey’: AWM 38 3DRL 606/52, pp. 18-20. British communique: OH vol. 3, p. 446. Bean flabbergasted: AWM 38 3DRL 606/52, pp. 22-3. ‘Our men … are disgusted’: SMH 27.9.1916. ‘We may deceive’: OH vol. 3, p. 443.
Haking’s conclusion: Haking to C.C. Monro 24 & 26.7.1916, WO 95/881, PRO. Bean’s view: OH vol. 3, p. 445. Abominable libel: W. Greene to J. Edmonds 13.5.1937, CAB 45/134, PRO. Fatuous bluster: Haking to McCay 20.7.1916, WO 95/881, PRO.
‘The battle is over’: HE to KE 20.7.1916. ‘God knows why’: HE to ME 23.7.1916. McCrae: HE to G. McCrae 21 & 23.7.1916, McCP.
No unworthy names: HE to KE 29.4.1916. Poulter: Corfield, p. 45. McCrae: CRS B2455, NAA (ACT branch). Hutchinson: 1DRL 371, AWM; HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Tom Elliott: 3DRL 2872, AWM.
‘I can honestly say’: HE to BC 13.8.1916. ‘General McCay said’: HE to KE 31.7.1916. Generals sacked, & sympathy for Pope: HE to BC 13.8.1916. Bean on 58 Bn attack: OH vol. 3, p. 394. ‘I am very sad’: HE to BC 26.7.1916. ‘They were great pals’: HE to KE 1.8.1916. Magnificent young officers: HE to G. Ellingsen 26.7.1916 (made available by Bruce Ellingsen & Weston Bate).

Chapter Ten

Elliott melancholy: HE to KE 20 & 22.8.1916, 18.9.1916. Scurry: Reveille 1.12.1932; HE to KE 20.8.1916; ADB vol. 11, pp. 557-8; HE to BC 11.9.1916.
Doyle wounded: HE to BC 11.9.1916. ‘This morning’: HE to M. Campbell 13.9.1916, EP 2DRL 513/10. Fantasy: HE to KE 26.8.1916. Very sad: HE to KE 16.9.1916. Egypt seeming long ago: HE to KE 13.8.1916. Russian decoration: HE to KE 16 & 18.9.1916.
Hospital visits, ‘looking … dilapidated’ & daunting cost of new uniform: HE to KE 11.10.1916. Kerr ashamed: T. Kerr D 21-23.8.1916 (made available by Margaret Wood).
Montauban: 15 BD (Wieck) & HE D 22.10.1916. Roar of guns: HE to KE 24.10.1916. ‘Everything is desolation’: HE D 24.10.1916. Darkie struggling: HE to BC 28.10.1916. Wretched in the extreme: HE D 29.10.1916. Downing lamenting the torment: Downing, pp. 31-6, 48. Elliott compassionate: HE to KE 2.11.1916; HE D 30.10.1916. Sopping wet: HE to KE 2.11.1916. Mud, mud, mud: HE to KE 14.11.1916. One vast bog: 15 BD 19.11.1916.
Protest vindicated: HE to KE 9.11.1916. Conscription: HE to KE 2 & 9.11.1916, 24.10.1916; HE to BC 17.12.1916.
‘Well, boys’: Despatches 1939. Ball: HE to BC 17.12.1916; ADB vol. 7, p. 160.
Talk with Feilding: Age 28.5.1921; AWM 27, 172/10. Guards ‘at liberty to postpone’: WO 95/1221, PRO. ‘I reported this conversation’: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46.
Forward with Knyvett: HE D 22.11.1916; HE to KE 2.12.1916; Knyvett, pp. 223-5.
Dreadfully cold and frosty: HE to KE 2.12.1916. At wits’ end: HE to KE 27.11.1916; HE to BC 17.12.1916. Hot-box contrivance: HE to KE 16.12.1916. Distressingly powerless: HE to KE 16.12.1916. Worst sector: D. McCarthy, Gallipoli to the Somme: The Story of C.E.W. Bean (Sydney, 1983), p. 264.
Near miss with Greenway: HE to KE 16.12.1916. Disrupted sleep: HE to BC 17.12.1916.
Elliott pessimistic: HE to KE 8.12.1916. Tanks: HE to KE 16.9.1916 & 24.11.1916, HE to BC 17.12.1916. Sombre about McCrae and others: HE to K. Roberts 31.12.1916, EP 3DRL 3297/14. ‘I can assure you’: HE to G. McCrae 9.11.1916, McCP.
Like Sandringham: Argus 9.6.1915. Cherishing Kate’s letters: HE to KE 2.11.1916. Swearing: HE to KE 27.3.1916, 14.4.1916, 1 & 13.8.1916. ‘You would not think’: HE to KE 28.10.1916. Violet’s first letter: HE D 27.9.1916. Higher pedestal: HE to BC 3.5.1918. ‘Since I wrote’: HE to N. Elliott 27.12.1916. Neil to Duntroon: HE to BC 27.8.1916. Dealing with bullies: HE to N. Elliott 10.9.1916. Story about Dida: HE to KE 27.8.1916, 27.9.1916. Best little fairy lady: HE to V. Elliott 30.11.1916.
McCay: HE to G.G. Henderson 17.3.1917, Henderson papers (made available by Dr Margaret Henderson); HE to BC 21.1.1917; McCay to HE 17.1.1917, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Initially unimpressed with Hobbs: HE to KE 8.1.1917. Defiant re Davies: HE to KE 18.1.1917. Denehy: HE D 19.12.1916. Trickey: Corfield, p. 65; HE to KE 16.12.1916.
Huge wedding cake: HE to KE 20.1.1917. Elliott ill: HE to KE 16 & 26.12.1916. Everything frozen: K. Doig to L. Grant 31.1.1917, Doig papers, SLV. Icy feet in bed & conceding to doctors: HE to KE 2.2.1917. Testing icy shell-holes, & Salmon orchestrating fireworks: HE D 23.1.1917; AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. Handling unwelcome visitors: HE to KE 12.2.1917.
Hobbs worrying: HE D 13.2.1917. Elliott given leave: HE to KE 17.2.1917; HE D 16.2.1917. Duigan: J. Duigan to KE 7.3.1917, EP 2DRL 513/20.

Chapter Eleven

Elliott cautioning: HE to KE 2.3.1917. Repugnance: HE to BC 9.4.1917.
Envelopment: HE to Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B; HE to Bean 29.8.1927, AWM 38 3DRL 606/260. Wieck observing nervousness: Wieck to Bean 7.10.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 606/26. Delsaux Farm, & unimpressed British officer: HE to Bean 1.8.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 606/260. Praising Wieck: HE to KE 24.7.1916. Walker’s experiences: E. Walker D 19.3.1917, SLV.
Concern re right flank: HE to 5 Div 6.40am 20.3.1917, 15 BD & 5 Div D. Bertincourt clear: Layh to HE 10.25am 20.3.1917, 15 BD. 59th platoon will remain: HE to 5 Div 9.30am 21.3.1917, 15 BD. Napoleonic ideas: HE to Bean 29.8.1927 & 2.8.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 606/260. Elliott ‘amusing’: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. ‘Always a weak spot’: Wieck to HE 5.9.1919, EP 2DRL 514/42B. Constant anxiety: AWM 38 3DRL 1722/21.
Frustratingly fettered: 5 Div to HE 11.10am & 9.35pm 21.3.1917, 5 Div D. Fret, fume and swear: HE to BC 9.4.1917.
Wieck’s account is in AWM 38 3DRL 606/260. Scanlan’s corroboration: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. The messages between 15 Bde and 5 Div are in AWM 4. Missed opportunity: HE D 23.3.1917. Elliott’s postwar assessment: HE to Bean 1 & 2.8.1929 & 29.8.1927, AWM 38 3DRL 606/260; HE to Bean 14.9.1929, EP 2DRL 513/46. Gough’s biographer: A.H. Farrar-Hockley, Goughie (London, 1975), p. 204.
Beaumetz, 24 March: HE to Bean 1.8.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 606/260.
Bean on Lagnicourt: OH vol. 4, p. 201. Communication execrable: 27 Bn D.
‘Retire be buggered’: Wieck to HE 5.9.1919, EP 2DRL 513/42B; Wieck to Bean 7.10.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 606/260.
‘My word Katie’: HE to KE 28.3.1917. ‘We finished up’: HE to KE 29.3.1917. Literally unconquerable: HE to G. McCrae 16.4.1917, McCP.

Chapter Twelve

Elliott pessimistic about Hindenburg Line: HE to KE 7.4.1917. The ‘best time’: Doig to L. Grant 26.4.1917, Doig papers, SLV. Swanking feed: HE to KE 25.4.1917. Peaceful rest: HE to KE 29.4.1917; HE to BC 3.5.1917. Weather: Doig to L. Grant 2.5.1917, Doig papers, SLV.
Close shave: HE D 8.5.1917. Graphic description: Downing, pp. 75-7.
Strongpoints bristling: HE to R. Elliott 14.5.1917, EP 2DRL 513/41. Elliott on Cumming: HE D 11.5.1917. Denehy’s worship: HE to KE 21.7.1917. Information was provided by a 58 Bn officer who did not want to be identified. Pelton’s letter: F. Breed (ed), From France with Love (Donald, 1995), pp. 182-3. Midnight conference: C. Denehy to G. Topp 7.10.1917, Topp papers 1DRL 583, AWM.
German bombardment: HE to R. Elliott 14.5.1917, EP 2DRL 513/41; HE to BC 15.5.1917; Hobbs D 11.5.1917, PR 82/153/3, AWM; Downing, pp. 74-5. Stokes Mortars: HE to R. Elliott 14.5.1917, EP 2DRL 513/41. ‘Come on boys’ & ‘My word’: E.J. Dillon statement, Denehy papers (made available by Mrs M. Denehy). German officer: HE to R. Elliott 14.5.1917, EP 2DRL 513/41. Boys magnificent: HE to KE 14.5.1917, HE to BC 15.5.1917. Doig proud: Doig to L. Grant 15.5.1917, Doig papers, SLV. Pelton & Topp gallant: HE to R. Elliott 14.5.1917, EP 2DRL 513/41. Moon exceptional: HE to KE 14 & 16.5.1917.
Wonderful sight: P. Freyberg, Bernard Freyberg VC (London, 1991), p. 105. Pompey’s strong reaction: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46.
Tired out, concerned about Layh, & sleeping in: HE to KE 16.6.1917.
Warmer weather: Wieck in 15 BD 31.5.1917, HE to KE 7.6.1917. Lacking confidence in Hobbs: HE to KE 7.4.1917. Bean on Hobbs: AWM 38 3DRL 606/82, p. 37. Elliott preferring McCay: HE to KE 15.4.1917.
Not wanting Street: HE D 22.7.1917; CPD 13.4.1921, p. 7378. Phoney as an eel: HE to BC 21.7.1917. Too ‘weary and worn for words’: HE to KE 5.8.1917. Street’s start: HE D 25.7.1917.
DSO: HE to KE 21.7.1917. No end in sight: HE to BC 24.8.1917. No ‘push or go left’: HE to KE 27.7.1917. Debt reduction: HE to KE 19.8.1917. Not Eric: inf E. Roberts. First impression of Stillman: HE to KE 20.9.1916. Stillman promising: HE to K. Roberts 17.3.1917, EP 3DRL 3297/14. Conversation embarrassing Stillman: P. Hocking, Twice a Digger (Melbourne, 1995), pp. 28-9. Aram: J. Aram to Mrs Ostberg 20.7.1917 & 1.8.1917, Aram papers, PR 84/87, AWM. ‘Hullo Pompey’: H.R. Williams, Comrades of the Great Adventure (Sydney, 1935), pp. 194-5.
‘Fancy Katie’: HE to KE 7.4.1917. Willing to ‘give it a fly’, & Doyle on Marshall: Reveille 31.12.1931. Acting the goat: HE to KE 14.7.1917. Denehy ‘coming on excellently’, Mason doing ‘very well’, & fortunate with bn commanders: HE to KE 6.7.1917.
Disciplining Legge: HE to BC 9.4.1917. Legge different now: HE to KE 30.8.1917.
Boys looking splendid: HE to KE 21.7.1917. ‘Dear wee chap’: HE to KE 6.7.1917. Codicil: EP 2DRL 513/43. So ‘tired and worn out’, & ‘great and terrible battle’: HE to KE 5.8.1917.

Chapter Thirteen

Artillery, trench mortars better: HE to KE 17.2.1917. Monash on bite and hold: G. Serle, John Monash: A Biography (Melbourne, 1982), p. 292.
Elliott on Plumer: HE to KE 8.9.1917. On Harington: HE to Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Exchange with Noad: inf C. Noad. Plumer pleased: HE to KE 8.9.1917.
Guns booming: HE to BC 19.9.1917. Glorious advance: HE to BC 20.9.1917.
Headquarters unsuitable: HE BR, p. 2. With great success: HE BR, p. 1.
Hourly more precarious: H. Boyd BR, p. 4. Hooge crater dangerous: C. Stewart BR, p. 1, C. Mason BR, p. 2. Hobbs not suicidal: Hobbs D 25.9.1917, PR 82/153/3, AWM. Elliott’s reassurance: AWM 38 3DRL 606/239, p. 13. Confidence in Marshall: OH vol. 4, p. 802. Very serious: Stillman BR. Marshall’s assessment: HE BR, pp. 8-9. Harington remembering: T. Harington, Plumer of Messines (London, 1935), p. 116. Boyd admiring Marshall’s grasp: Boyd BR, p. 7. Beaver: Marshall BR, p. 2. Downing on 57th’s experience: Downing, pp. 82-6. Dickinson’s advice: inf C. Noad. Elliott to Stewart: 57 Bn D.
Utmost anxiety, ‘not a single’ & ‘Division insists’: HE BR, p. 10. Exchange with Mason: AWM 38 3DRL 606/181, p. 6. Without a hitch: AWM 183/33 (Mason). ‘The last man’: HE BR, p. 14. Wood to Heriot-Maitland: 33 Div D, WO 95/2406, PRO. McDonald’s message, & instructing Stewart: HE BR, p. 14.
Barrage like Gippsland bushfire: OH vol. 4, p. 813. Toll unequivocal, ‘Whatever justification’ & ‘Push on at once’: HE BR, p. 17. Joint message: 5 Div D. Obscure on right: HE BR, p. 19. ‘The barrage continued’: Downing, pp. 89-91. Stewart’s report: HE BR, p. 19.
Dunn: Introduction by Keith Simpson to reissued J. Dunn, The War the Infantry Knew (London, 1989). Cameron House: HE BR, p. 20. Richards: F. Richards, Old Soldiers Never Die (Sydney, 1933), pp. 220, 223-6. Writing interrupted: Dunn, p. 398.
Wood to Heriot-Maitland: 33 Div D, WO 95/2406, PRO. Plumer’s proposal approved: WO 158/208, PRO. Contradictory information: 15 BD. Elliott’s challenge: inf B. Bragg. Schroder on ‘Pomp’ going forward: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. Richards marvelling: Richards, p. 226. Dunn stunned: Dunn pp. 346, 401. Battlefield chaos: HE to KE 2.10.1917. ‘I arranged with Marshall’: HE D 26.9.1917. Retaliatory bombardment heavy: G. Laing BR, p. 2.
Bean on Elliott: OH vol. 4, p. 832. News of George’s death: HE to G.G. Henderson 18.10.1917 (made available by Dr Margaret Henderson). Man in a trance: HE D 28.9.1917. Never nearer death: Doig to L. Grant 30.9.1917 & 19.10.1917, Doig papers, SLV. Street on casualties: 15 BD 28.9.1917.
All quotes from ‘Poor old Geordie’ to gladly welcoming a shell are from HE to KE 2.10.1917.
At home with the dead, & Passchendaele: HE to G. McCrae 13 & 19.10.1917 & 8.1.1918, McCP. Too heartsore to write much: HE to KE 3.10.1917. ‘My dear little laddie’: HE to N. Elliott 3.10.1917.
Critical of Street: HE BR, p. 16; HE D 10.10.1917; HE to KE 11.10.1917. Another narrow escape: HE to KE 11.10.1917; HE D 11 & 17.10.1917.
Awards for Polygon Wood, & Stillman splendid: HE to KE 22.10.1917. ‘That pleased me’: Hocking, pp. 51-2.
Jack cheery: J. Campbell to KE 23.9.1917, Campbell papers, 2DRL 34, AWM. Elliott unprepared: F.L. Wright to M. Campbell 28.10.1917, Campbell papers, 2DRL 34, AWM. More melancholy tidings: HE to KE 28.10.1917. Facial rash: HE D 24.10.1917.
‘On my return’: HE to editor Sun (Syd) 17.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/42B. ‘You probably know’: Birdwood to Bean 25.8.1921, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/352. Hobbs’s view: Hobbs D 31.10.1917, PR 82/153/3, AWM.
HE BR: delay re boundary & orders too late, p. 1; ‘I would respectfully’, p. 2; best judge, p. 24. Flagrant exaggeration: Birdwood to Bean 25.8.1921, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/352. Middlesex: HE BR, pp. 5-7. Critical of 98 Brigade: HE BR, pp. 8-10, 14-15, 18-19. Well-credentialled historians: R. Prior & T. Wilson, Passchendaele: The Untold Story (New Haven & London, 1996), p. 211 fn 19. ‘Preliminary Instructions’: no. 11, 24.9.1917, 5 Div D. HE BR: resorting to borrowed bn, p. 18; belated arrival yet valuable assistance, p. 1; Toll & Purser, p. 13; failure to advance, p. 9; Welch, p. 23; Stokes mortars invaluable, p. 24.
Bean on Elliott’s report: OH vol. 4, p. 832 fn 140. Early draft: AWM 44 4/21 part 5. Testy sentence: HE BR, p. 15. White’s intervention: White to Bean 17.6.1932, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/258. Birdwood’s view: Birdwood to Bean 25.8.1921, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/352.

Chapter Fourteen

Praise for Layh: HE to KE 11.11.1917. Blisters inflamed: HE to KE 11.11.1917, HE to BC 11.11.1917. Startling appearance: HE D 15.11.1917. Real bushranger: HE to KE 16.11.1917. So run down: HE to KE 11.11.1917. Not a kick: HE to KE 16.11.1917.
Elliott on Birdwood: HE to KE 30.8.1917, 26.2.1918. Tell me all: HE to KE 22.6.1917. Mind made up: HE to G.G. Henderson 16.1.1918 (made available by Dr Margaret Henderson). ‘I told the boys’: HE to KE 7.1.1918.
Depressed: HE to BC 26.2.1918; HE to Richardson 15.1.1918, 3DRL 3328; HE to KE 31.12.1917.
Appalled by referendum result: HE to KE 10.2.1918, 18.1.1918, 26.3.1918, 3.3.1918, 26.2.1918, 18.1.1918; letter to Henderson is in EP 2DRL 513/43.
Awful time ahead: HE to BC 19.1.1918, HE to KE 24.12.1917. French and British weakened: HE to G.G. Henderson 16.1.1918; HE to Richardson 15.1.1918, 3DRL 3328.
Anxiety about legal practice: HE to KE 10.2.1918, 7.1.1918, 24.12.1917, 22.10.1917. Apology: K. Roberts to KE 21.2.1918, EP 2DRL 513/43. Elliott grateful: HE to KE 22.11.1917. Great relief: HE to KE 17.4.1918.
‘I wish I knew’: HE to KE 24.12.1917. Touching condolence: HE to KE 26.11.1917. Very sad time: HE to KE 11.11.1917. Desolate laddie: HE to KE 7.1.1918. Like his daddy too: HE to ME 30.4.1918. Faces unchanged: HE to N. Elliott 24.12.1917. Praying properly: HE to ME 18.3.1918. Astonished and elated by Violet: HE to V. Elliott 17.3.1918 & 19.4.1918.
Weather not bad: HE to KE 10.2.1918. Snow crystals sparkling: HE to KE 24.12.1917. Lovely place to rest: HE to KE 27.1.1918. Things pretty quiet: HE to BC 26.2.1918. ‘I always begrudge’: HE to KE 13.2.1918. Shrieks drowning barrage: HE to KE 5.3.1918.
On Mason, Freeman, Stewart, Layh & Marshall: HE to KE 18.1.1918, 10.2.1918, 22.3.1918. Young men with old faces: I. Chapman, Iven G. Mackay (Melbourne, 1975), p. 96.
British unreliable: HE to KE 27.1.1918. Frank memorandum: AWM 27 304/11. Ready for anything: HE to KE 26.2.1918. Shakespearian flourish: HE to ME 14.2.1918.

Chapter Fifteen

Intensifying shellfire, & offensive welcomed: HE D 19-21.3.1918. Bean delighted: OH vol. 5, p. 113; AWM 38 3DRL 606/102, pp. 14-18. Crisis: OH vol. 5, p. 115. Crushing tension: V. Brittain, Testament of Youth (London, 1979), p. 411.
Exciting times ahead: HE D 23.3.1918. ‘What will happen’: Hobbs D 27.3.1918, PR 82/153/3, AWM. Awful situation, & morale admirable: HE to KE 26.3.1918. Pensive journey: Downing, p. 110. Train hit: J.A. Stevens D 27.3.1918, SLV. Inspecting outposts, & praise for Doyle: HE D 28.3.1918. Doyle reciprocating: Corfield, p. 120.
‘Vive l’Australie!’ & ‘Fini retreat’: OH vol. 5, p. 177. ‘Pas necessaire maintenant’: OH vol. 5, p. 120. Outstanding morale: HE to KE 26.3.1918. Elliott’s damning impressions: HE D 27-28.3.1918.
Hedauville episode: HE D 29.3.1918; CPD 21.4.1921, p. 7559; HE to Hobbs 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46.
Covering Amiens vital: Haig D 26.3.1918, WO 256/30, PRO. Sickening confirmation: Hobbs D 29.3.1918, PR 82/153/3, AWM.
March to Corbie: HE D 29-30.3.1918; OH vol. 5, p. 525; E. Need unpublished memoir (made available by Joan Scott), pp. 186-91; Downing, p. 112; G.R. Freeman D 29-30.3.1918 (made available by Bill Freeman); CPD 22.8.1923, pp. 3272-3.
Cracking the whip: HE D 30.3.1918. Diverting incident: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276.
14 Div: M. Middlebrook, The Kaiser’s Battle (London, 1983), pp. 326-7; Haig D 29.3.1918, WO 256/30, PRO; HE D 2.4.1918.
Looting in Corbie, & ‘I have read’: HE to ME 22.4.1918. General Craufurd, & no test case: HE to Treloar 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. No trouble afterwards: HE to KE 11.4.1918. ‘That yarn has spread’: HE to BC 19.4.1918. Hat story still circulating: HE to KE 17.4.1918.
German breakthrough: HE D 4.4.1918. In ‘great gloom’: OH vol. 5, p. 332. Absolute readiness: 15 BD 4.4.1918. Elliott to Ferres: OH vol. 5, p. 327. Cavalry magnificent: HE D 4.4.1918. Urgent business elsewhere: HE to KE 18.4.1918. Marvellously meagre casualties: HE to ME 12.4.1918. Rawlinson’s assessment: Rawlinson to H. Wilson 5.4.1918, Rawlinson papers, NAM. Bean’s appraisal: OH vol. 5, p. 328. Edmonds misleading: Bean to Edmonds 17.9.1935, AWM 38 3DRL 7953/30. 14 Div unreliable & commander useless: Edmonds to Bean 2.10.1935, AWM 38 3DRL 7953/30. The ‘absolute limit’: J. Monash to V. Monash 4.4.1918, Monash papers, NLA. 15 Bde superb: Monash to Hobbs 5.4.1918, Monash papers, NLA. Praise from cavalry: L.E.W. Harman to HE 6.4.1918, EP 2DRL 513/15.
Sayers exploit: HE to KE 18.4.1918, HE to BC 19.4.1918. Corbie headquarters: HE to KE 11.4.1918; HE to BC 11 & 19.4.1918; HE to ME 12.4.1918 & 1.5.1918.
‘Hamel untenable’: HE D 6.4.1918; OH vol. 5, p. 527. Pompey livid: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46; CPD 13.4.1921 p. 7378. No luxury for Tivey: HE to KE 11.4.1918. Cable: EP 2DRL 513/21. Proud of AIF, praise for 58 Bn, Hedauville encounter: HE to KE 17 & 18.4.1918.
Elliott on the British: HE to ME 12 & 19.4.1918 & 4.5.1918. Machine-gunners grateful: C.H. Reid to HE 9.4.1918, AWM 38 3DRL 606/261.
Backs to the wall: OH vol. 5, p. 437. Situation bad indeed, new Cromwell needed, & fervent morale booster: HE to ME 19.4.1918. Forthright edict: HE memorandum 15.4.1918, WO 95/3641, PRO.

Chapter Sixteen

Marshall: HE to KE 18.4.1918; HE D 21.4.1918; Doig to L. Grant 29.4.1918 & 2.5.1918, Doig papers, SLV. Helping ‘old CO’, & ‘greater efficiency’: 15 BD 21.4.1918. Praising Denehy: HE to M. Denehy 24.11.1918 (made available by Mrs J.F. Timberlake); HE to JT n.d. [24.9.1928], EP 2DRL 513/40.
Sound military principle: OH vol. 5, p. 535. Heneker: P.A. Ledward memoirs p. 43, IWM. Rawlinson’s perceptions: Rawlinson to C. Wigram 27.3.1918, to Wilson 17.4.1918 & to Lord Derby 11.4.1918, Rawlinson papers, NAM.
Bois l’Abbé vital, & Hobbs rejecting Elliott’s suggestion: HE BR, p. 2. Elliott’s Aubigny report: HE to 5 Div 24.4.1918, 15 BD.
British retirement predictable: HE BR, p. 3. ‘He replied “Yes”’: HE BR, pp. 4-5. Hobbs’s qualified assent: Hobbs to HE 8.40 & 8.50am 24.4.1918, 5 Div D. ‘Get in touch’: HE to 57-60 Bns 9.05am 24.4.1918, 15 BD. ‘Your troops have retired’: Hobbs to 8 Div 8.59am 24.4.1918, 5 Div D. Heneker unforthcoming: Hobbs to Birdwood 9.32am 24.4.1918, 5 Div D. Hobbs instructing Elliott: Hobbs to HE 9.55am 24.4.1918, 15 BD. Pompey’s compliance: HE to 57-60 Bns 10.00am 24.4.1918, 15 BD. Plain as a pikestaff: HE to ME 1.5.1918. Watson informative: Report centre to HE 2.25pm 24.4.1918, 15 BD; HE BR, p. 13. Christian: HE BR, p. 8. Pompey remonstrating: Need, p. 207.
Harrowing ordeal: Ledward memoirs p. 73, IWM. Terrifying iron pill-box, & monster’s nose appearing: OH vol. 5, pp. 552, 554.
Elliott justifying controversial order: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46; HE BR, p. 9; CPD 11.5.1921, p. 8255. Bean unconvinced: OH vol. 5, p. 550.
Rawlinson summoning 13 Bde: OH vol. 5, p. 568. Children: Rawlinson to Wilson 24.4.1918, Rawlinson papers, NAM.
Butler advising Heneker: Butler to Heneker 10.50am 24.4.1918, III Corps D, WO 95/678, PRO. Butler urging co-operation: Butler-Hobbs conversation 11.23am 24.4.1918, 5 Div D. Hobbs’s assistance ignored: Hobbs to Bean 30.7.1936, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/350. Hobbs obliging: Hobbs to Heneker 11.57am 24.4.1918, 5 Div D. White on Beddington: E. Beddington, ‘My Life’, Hertfordshire County Council Archives, p. 179. Recollection unclear: WO 95/435, PRO. Rawlinson instilling urgency: III Corps D, WO 95/678, PRO. ‘We must get it back’: Rawlinson to Wilson 24.4.1918, Rawlinson papers, NAM. Plaintive protest: Heneker to III Corps 12.40pm 24.4.1918, III Corps D, WO 95/678, PRO.
A.C. White unequivocal, & ‘bloody lucky’: A.C. White to Bean 27.4.1936, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/519.
Shepherding job: HE to JT n.d. [24.9.1928], EP 2DRL 513/40. Plenty of stew: Need, p. 208. Delay baffling: J. McKenna, ‘The Australian Night Attack on Villers-Bretonneux’, p. 2 (made available by John McKenna). Nerves shredded: D. Whinfield D 24.4.1918 (made available by Ken Hubbard).
Bean & others pessimistic: AWM 38 3DRL 606/108, pp. 23-4; Downing, p. 132; Need, p. 208. British–Australasian: HE to C. Chomley 25.4.1918 & 7.5.1918, Marsh papers, NLA. Monash: Serle, p. 363.
Straining at the leash, & ‘blood run cold’: J. Scanlan BR, p. 1. Calm easy voice: OH vol. 5, p. 602. Throat jab: HE to G. McCrae 6.5.1918, McCP.
Elliott only guessing: HE BR, p. 18. Flexible instructions: HE to Denehy 3.20am 25.4.1918, 15 BD. Sadlier: OH vol. 5, p. 583. ‘I never departed’: HE to JT n.d. [24.9.1928], EP 2DRL 513/40. Heneker’s HQ: A.C. White to Bean 27.4.1936, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/519.
A ‘hairbrained suggestion’: Hobbs-HE conversation 8.10am 26.4.1918, 5 Div D; HE to JT 7.7.1918, 15 BD.
Bean on casualties: OH vol. 5, p. 637. Elliott gassed: HE to KE 28.4.1918; HE D 26.4.1918. Lavish praise: HE to KE 28.4.1918.
Aubigny retraction: HE to ME 30.4.1918; HE to Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B; HE to JT 25.5.1918 & HE to Hobbs 30.4.1918, 2DRL 513/46. Shelled while writing: HE to ME 30.4.1918.
Butler credited: Fourth Army to GHQ 3.50pm 25.4.1918, III Corps D, WO 95/678, PRO; Haig D 24.4.1918, PRO. Pompey livid: HE to KE 5.5.1918; AWM 38 3DRL 606/108, p. 60; HE to G. McCrae 6.5.1918, McCP. Heneker: 8 Div report pp. 6, 8, PRO. Hobbs claiming credit: Hobbs D 27.4.1918, PR 82/153/3, AWM. Numerous conversations: III Corps report p. 12, Butler papers, IWM. Hobbs reminiscing: Hobbs to Bean 30.7.1936, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/350. Planned by III Corps: Fourth Army to GHQ 3.50pm 25.4.1918, III Corps D, WO 95/678, PRO. Bean singling out Elliott: OH vol. 5, pp. 638-9.
Praise: OH vol. 5, p. 638; F. Cutlack (ed), War Letters of General Monash (Sydney, 1934), p. 238; Reveille 1.8.1936; Ledward memoirs, p. 78, IWM; Lytton, pp. 163-4; H. Essame, The Battle for Europe 1918 (London, 1972), p. 3; R. McMullin, Will Dyson: Cartoonist, Etcher and Australia’s Finest War Artist (Sydney, 1984), pp. 162-3.

Chapter Seventeen

Cutlack’s portrait: EP 2DRL 513/43. Joy-ride, & spoiling the shrubbery: HE to KE 12.5.1918, HE D 11.5.1918.
Experience valuable: Birdwood to Pearce 13.5.1918, AWM 27 361/10. Lost our Trumper: AWM 38 3DRL 1722/30.
Hasty protest: HE D 21.5.1918. Spirited reply: White to HE 22.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Elliott upset: HE D 22.5.1918. Heated discussion: HE to KE 24.5.1918. Melbourne meeting: J. Marshall to HE 28.3.1918, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Embittered: HE to JT 3.6.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Bow and scrape: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. Conned by deception: HE to Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B.
‘The complaint against me’: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Condemning Birdwood circular: Age 28.5.1921; HE to ME 4.5.1918; HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Criticisms not universal: HE to editor Sun (Syd) 17.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/42B. Birdwood squirming: HE BR (V/Bret), p. 10. Shameless lies: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46; HE BR (V/Bret), p. 9. Transformed perceptions: AWM 27 357/12. Smuggled to me: JT to A. Bazley 24.2.1932, 3DRL 6673/258.
Convincing demolition: HE to Hobbs 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Delighted by departure, & White under the thumb: HE to KE 1.6.1918; HE D 29.5.1918. Preferring Monash, & solitary misgiving: HE to KE 1.6.1918; HE to BC 7.7.1918. Hobbs consoling: CPD 21.4.1921, p. 7560.
McCay’s protest: McCay to H. Walker 15.6.1915, AWM 25 789/4. Brand’s ‘representation’: Birdwood to Pearce 24.3.1916, 3DRL 3376, AWM. Formal advice: V. Sellheim to Secretary, Defence department 21.5.1918, AWM 27 361/10. Glasgow & Rosenthal: Birdwood to Pearce 7.5.1918, 3DRL 3376, AWM. So ‘entirely wanting’: Birdwood to Bean 25.8.1921, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/352.
Monash supportive: Monash to HE 16.9.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Lagnicourt: OH vol. 4, p. 201. Born soldier: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276.
Zeal and ability: HE BR (V/Bret), p. 5. Chestnut Troop: Chestnut Troop D 29.4.1918, WO 95/455, PRO; OH vol. 5, p. 675.
Magnificent instrument: OH vol. 5, p. 524. Fight ‘to the end’: HE to Hobbs 30.4.1918, 5 Div D. 15 Bde school: Hobbs D 10.7.1918, PR 82/153/4, AWM. No obligation: HE to ME 4.5.1918. ‘You’ve got men’s lives’: inf C. Noad. Brockfield: HE to 5 Div 23.4.1918, 15 BD; AIF Admin HQ London to AIF HQ France 18.4.1918, 15 BD. Swagman: Despatches 1968, p. 30. Charlie Elliott: HE to KE 20.8.1916; HE to G. McCrae 13.10.1917, McCP. Eric Walker: HE to BC 12.10.1917. Jack Prictor: inf A. Dineen; HE to KE 8 & 15.6.1918. Had to perform: HE to KE 1.3.1916. Reg Avery: HE to KE 27.7.1917, 30.8.1917, 8.9.1917. Mother’s grief: HE to ME 30.4.1918.
Hard but just: HE to J. Marshall 1.1.1917, EP 3DRL 3297/14. ‘Good morning Denehy’: inf A. Dineen. Scotty: PR 87/215, AWM. Love even the worst: HE to KE 1.6.1918. Bean’s tribute: Reveille 31.3.1931, p. 32. How loved: M. Plowman to KE 4.6.1918, EP 2DRL 513/15. Absolutely the best: J. Duigan to KE 7.3.1917, EP 2DRL 513/20. No greater: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276.
Coffin cf Watson: HE to JT 7.7.1918, 15 BD. White’s reply: White to HE 13.6.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Characteristically frank: HE BR (V/Bret), pp. 9-10, 25-7. Gellibrand’s nationality: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Gellibrand on Elliott: 3DRL 1473/36, AWM. By far: HE to JT 10.11.1918, AWM 252 A158.

Chapter Eighteen

Congratulations: J. Anderson to HE 3.6.1918 & F. Robinson to HE 6.6.1918, EP 2DRL 513/16. Work to do: HE D 16.6.1918. ‘We will win in the end’: HE to KE 15.6.1918. Enemy’s lost punch: HE to ME 22.4.1918. Flu: HE to KE 21.6.1918.
McDonald’s communication was noted in 15 BD list of messages. Elliott on Ville operation: HE to BC 7.7.1918; HE to KE 8.7.1918. Facey: HE D 4.7.1918; HE to Hobbs 9.7.1918, 15 BD. Knight: Corfield, p. 158. Moore: HE to Hobbs 9.7.1918, 15 BD.
Rest needed: HE to KE 26 & 28.6.1918. Latham’s perceptions: Latham to D. Picken 16.7.1918, Latham papers 1009/1/455-56, NLA. Alec and Helen: HE to KE 15.7.1918, EP 2DRL 513/43; N. Peaston to HE 11.1.1917, EP 2DRL 513/14. At Ullapool: HE to KE 21 & 27.7.1918.
True role: J. Monash, The Australian Victories in France in 1918 (Melbourne, 1923), p. 104. ‘I fully agree’: AWM 38 3DRL 606/266. Downing optimistic: Downing, p. 141. Monash’s message: 15 BD. Conditions similar: 15 BD 7.8.1918. Feeble response: HE D 8.8.1918. Splendid performance: Rawlinson to Aust’n Corps 16.8.1918, 15 BD. Downing’s observation: Downing, p. 148. Black day: P. Pedersen, Monash as Military Commander (Melbourne, 1985), p. 247. ‘As usual’, & no coincidence: HE to KE 11.8.1918. Chief instrument: Pedersen, p. 245.
Tailboard down: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. Contrasting First Div faces: Downing, p. 155. Rough day: K. Mackay memoirs, pp. 10-11; inf K. Mackay. Bean’s praise & Canadians’ gratitude: OH vol. 6, p. 629; 6 Canadian Bde BR, p. 5, 15 BD; A.H. Bell to HE 14.8.1918, 15 BD. Pompey magnanimous: HE to A.H. Bell 17.8.1918, 15 BD.
Haig outlining new approach: OH vol. 6, p. 761. Elliott’s address: 15 BD 25.8.1918. Never so promising: HE to KE 28.8.1918. Cheeky swallows: HE to N. Elliott 23.8.1918.
Elliott’s reconnaissance, & advanced HQ: HE D 28.8.1918; AWM 38 3DRL 606/276 & 214, p. 64; OH vol. 6, p. 786. Gollan commended: HE D 29.8.1918. At variance with Wisdom, & vigorous patrolling: HE D 30.8.1918. Unable to cross: HE D 31.8.1918.
Elliott galvanised: AWM 38 3DRL 606/213, p. 16; HE D 1.9.1918. Bawled to us: E. Whiteside (ed), A Valley in France (Melbourne, 1999), p. 165. Canal deep: HE D 1.9.1918. Unforgettable spectacle: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276. Communications hampered: OH vol. 6, p. 851 fn 55.
58 Bn companies stymied: HE BR, para 9 (copy perused is unpaginated). Very rough time: HE D 1.9.1918, 28.8.1918. Other commanders uninformed: HE BR, para 12. Blunt assessment: HE D 1.9.1918. Forlorn hope: AWM 38 3DRL 606/266; HE BR, para 12; HE to Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Most onerous: Hobbs D 31.8.1918 & 1.9.1918, PR 82/153/4, AWM. Monash’s maxim, & ‘I was compelled’: Monash, pp. 104, 209. Remarkable generosity, & Marshall to Moon: OH vol. 6, p. 865. Effective method: H. Ferres BR, p. 2. ‘Whole attack held up’: Scanlan to HE 9.55am 2.9.1918, HE BR, para 14. Like an earthquake: HE BR, para 18. Annihilation inevitable: HE BR, para 21. Resignation threat: HE D 1.9.1918.
Lively escapades: Corfield, p. 186; AWM 38 3DRL 606/203, p. 30. Elliott’s men exhausted: HE D 3.9.1918; Hobbs D 5.9.1918, PR 82/153/4, AWM. Beyond me: Hobbs D 6.9.1918, PR 82/153/4, AWM. Rawlinson’s praise: OH vol. 6, p. 873 fn 1. Ferocious and gruelling: HE to KE 6.9.1918; HE to BC 8.9.1918.
First recorded mutiny: OH vol. 6, p. 875. Rebels’ statement: 15 BD. Cause for complaint: 15 BD 5.9.1918. On the phone: Hobbs D 5.9.1918, PR 82/153/4, AWM. Doyle’s conclusion: HE D 6.9.1918. Medical report: H.S. McLelland to ADMS 5 Div 5.9.1918, AWM 26/573/4. Elliott to bn commanders: 15 BD 7.9.1918; 15 Bde Circular Memorandum Sept 1918, 15 BD. Monash resisting: Pedersen, p. 277.
Hughes distracted: HE D 14.9.1918. Elliott against home leave: HE to KE 23.9.1918. Instructions circulated: 5 Div to 15 Bde 19.9.1918, 15 BD. ‘AIF authorities decree’: HE to H. Duigan 14.5.1918, 15 BD. Elliott reprimanded: T. Dodds to Hobbs 29.5.1918, 15 BD. Elliott furious: 15 BD 26.9.1918. ‘We’ve got bullets’: inf E. Rowe. Like an avalanche: Whinfield D 26.9.1918. Like ‘deserting our dead’: HE to editor Sun (Syd) 17.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/42B. Bean’s conclusion: OH vol. 6, p. 939. Understandably proud: HE D 27.9.1918.
Confusion, & Americans disorganised: HE D 29.9.1918; HE to Hobbs 12 noon 29.9.1918, 15 BD. 59 Bn lost heavily: HE D 29.9.1918. Scanlan: Scanlan BR, p. 1. ‘Damn it’: OH vol. 6, p. 1011. Exceedingly difficult: OH vol. 6, p. 1013.
Successes unsurpassed: Rawlinson to Aust’n Corps 14.10.1918, 15 BD. Peace country: HE to BC 18.10.1918. Dreadful fighting, & Neale: HE to KE 3.10.1918. Dalgleish: J.F. Henderson to HE 15.1.1919, EP 2DRL 513/43; Herald 7.1.1919. Connelly: HE to BC 18.10.1918. French citation: AWM 38 3DRL 606/261.

Chapter Nineteen

Peace bewildering: AWM 38 3DRL 606/117, p. 80. Elliott’s reaction: HE D 11.11.1918; HE to V. Elliott 12.11.1918; HE to ME 11.11.1918. ‘No one knows’: HE to KE 4 & 15.12.1918.
Counting the days: HE to KE 19 & 31.10.1918. Now inadvisable: HE to KE 26.12.1918.
Surroundings no help: HE to KE 4, 10 & 13.12.1918. So many dead: HE to Latham 13.9.1918, 1009/1/503, NLA; HE to M. Denehy 24.11.1918 (made available by Mrs J.F. Timberlake); HE to BC 15.11.1918.
Pretended affability: HE to KE 5.1.1919. Birdwood’s tantrum: HE D 26.11.1918; HE to editor Sun (Syd) 17.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/42B. ‘I don’t care’: HE to KE 31.10.1918. Compared to Monash: HE to BC 6.11.1918. Aspersions on Tivey: HE to KE 15.12.1918. Burning resentment: HE D 15.12.1918. Hobbs to Elliott: HE D 10.1.1919.
Concern about Roberts defalcation: HE to KE 5.1.1919, 25.12.1918, 5.3.1919. Flory: HE to BC 19.2.1919 & 6.11.1918; HE to KE 5.1.1919. Bns dwindling: HE to KE 5.1.1919. Blood clot: HE to KE 14.3.1919. Fearful depression: HE to KE 22.2.1919. Lethargy: HE to BC 19.2.1919. Soothing needed: HE to KE 4.2.1919, 24.1.1919. Past his prime: HE to KE 20.3.1919, 7.2.1919, 5.1.1919. Blues: HE to KE 5.4.1919, 20.3.1919, 5.3.1919. Worry and weakness: HE to KE 14 & 20.3.1919.
Reunion dinner: 15 BD 3.1.1919. Brigade tribute: 15 BD 21.1.1919.
‘Geordie’s grave’: HE to KE 5.4.1919. Church: AWM 38 3DRL 6673/954, p. 6. London march: HE to KE 3 & 5.5.1919. Children: HE to N. Elliott 19.4.1919; HE to BC 6.11.1918. Still run down: HE to KE 30.4.1919. Durban: AWM 7 item 9. Telegrams: EP 2DRL 513/21.

Chapter Twenty

Cutlack’s portrait: EP 2DRL 513/43. ‘Welcome, welcome’: A. McKenzie to HE 26.6.1919, EP 2DRL 513/43. Robust and cheerful: Age 30.6.1919. Essendon function: Essendon Gazette 31.7.1919; Argus 25.7.1919. Footscray function: Footscray Advertiser 16.8.1919; Footscray Independent 16.8.1919.
Crucial deal: M. Lake, The Limits of Hope (Melbourne, 1987), p. 211; R. McMullin, The Light on the Hill: The Australian Labor Party 1891-1991 (Melbourne, 1991), pp. 117-18. ‘Some one is needed’: J.F. Henderson to HE 15.1.1919, EP 2DRL 513/43.
Domain gathering: Age, Argus 24.7.1919. Identical accounts: Essendon Gazette 31.7.1919; Footscray Advertiser 16.8.1919.
Like own son: inf Eric Roberts. Young Australia Force: AWM 38 3DRL 6673/432.
The ‘us poor buggers’ sentence is the way the gist of these requests was described to me by an observer who heard plenty of them and did not wish to be identified. Never a politician: Footscray Independent 16.8.1919. Body and soul: HE to D. Toohey 22.8.1919 (made available by Eileen Barrett). ‘For God’s sake’: CPD 28.4.1921, p. 7835. Urged in 1917 to consider parliament: HE to KE 4.5.1917. Anti-McGrath: HE to BC 15.11.1918.
Green’s account is in his Servant of the House (Melbourne, 1969), p. 37. Political background to 1919 election: McMullin, The Light on the Hill, chapter 5.
Moonee Ponds: Age 11.11.1919; Essendon Gazette 13.11.1919. Disorderliness: Richmond Guardian 22.11.1919. Portland: Portland Guardian 4.12.1919. Bean’s description: Reveille 31.3.1931. No obligation, & ‘class hatred’: Camperdown Chronicle 27.11.1919; Ballarat Star 10.12.1919.
McDougall: Horsham Times 9.12.1919; T. King, ‘The Tarring and Feathering of J.K. McDougall’, Labour History 45 (November 1983), pp. 54-67.
Hidden Gallipoli facts: Ballarat Star 8.12.1919. Anti-McGrath blast: Ballarat Star 11.12.1919.
‘Of course’: R. Harris to HE 19.12.1919, EP 2DRL 513/18. Postcard: EP 2DRL 513/44. Foreword: Downing, pp. 7-11. Downing thrilled: Downing to HE 24.2.1920, EP 2DRL 513/18. Schroder: AWM 38 3DRL 606/276.

Chapter Twenty-one

Second speech: CPD 29.7.1920, p. 3065. Canberra: CPD 1.10.1920, pp. 5229-34. In the neck: CPD 29.7.1920, p. 3064.
Ballarat: Ballarat Star 17.12.1919; Ballarat Courier & Ballarat Star 3.5.1920; inf G. Clarke; HE to Bean 20.7.1920, AWM 43.
Satisfaction in Bendigo: Argus 8.7.1920. Rowdy meeting: Bendigo Advertiser 10.7.1920. References: HE to F. South 10.8.1920 (made available by Frank South); McNicoll to HE 25.4.1921, EP 2DRL 513/46.
Pearce’s denial: CPD 1.9.1920, p. 4001. Elliott’s protest letter (10.2.1921), the Military Board minute, Elliott repeating his request for an inquiry (15.3.1921) and the Board’s confirmation of its refusal are all in EP 2DRL 513/46.
Air Defence Bill: CPD 13.4.1921, pp. 7376-8. Top gear: CPD 21.4.1921, pp. 7552-62. Monash annoyed: Monash to J. Bruche 25.2.1921, Monash papers box 78 folder 543, NLA. Pratten: CPD 21.4.1921, p. 7573. Drake-Brockman: CPD 21.4.1921, p. 7580. Pearce: CPD 21.4.1921, pp. 7590, 7585.
Six days later: CPD 27.4.1921, pp. 7727, 7734. Warpath: CPD 28.4.1921, pp. 7825-9. Drake-Brockman: CPD 28.4.1921, p. 7832. Quoting McNicoll: CPD 28.4.1921, pp. 7829-30; McNicoll to HE 25.4.1921, EP 2DRL 513/46. Detailed appraisal: P. Sadler, The Paladin (Melbourne, 2000), pp. 163-6. Pearce’s distaste, & Elliott’s anger: CPD 28.4.1921, pp. 7834-5. Astonishing outburst: CPD 28.4.1921, p. 7837. Special desk: CPD 28.4.1921, pp. 7839, 7846.
Pearce’s statement: CPD 5.5.1921, p. 7955. Notorious incompetence: HE to W. Massey Greene 24.2.1922, EP 2DRL 513/46. Jacka again: CPD 5.5.1921, pp. 8098-9. Drake-Brockman & Henderson: CPD 5.5.1921, pp. 8101-3. Elliott nettled: CPD 5.5.1921, pp. 8103-4. Monash on Margolin: Argus 7.5.1921. Elliott’s letter: Age 9.5.1921. Pearce’s rabbit & Elliott’s defence: CPD 11.5.1921, pp. 8252-5. Foster & Gardiner: CPD 11.5.1921, pp. 8253-6.
Headlines: Age 29.4.1921; Sun (Syd) 30.4.1921. McGrath: CPD 12.5.1921, p. 8407. Elliott’s response: Argus 14.5.1921. Shameful betrayal: HE to JT 25.5.1918, EP 2DRL 513/46. Round for round: Argus 18, 21, 26, & 31.5.1921. Excessive national self-esteem: Age 14.5.1921. Searing rejoinder: Age 28.5.1921. Painful spectacle: Bulletin 9.6.1921. Elliott forthright, & measured response: Bulletin 23.6.1921. Rant: Bulletin & Midnight Sun 25.6.1921; HE to Sun (Syd) 17.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/42B. Elliott’s lecture, & ‘not prepared to swallow’: Age 4.8.1921.
White ‘distressed’: White D 29.4.1921, NLA. ‘Elliott’s exuberance’: Gellibrand D 28.4.1921, 3DRL 1473/14. Birdwood–Bean correspondence: AWM 38 3DRL 6673/352. Unbelievable drivel: Fihelly to HE 27.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/44. Heart and soul: HE to editor Sun (Syd) 17.6.1921, EP 2DRL 513/42B. The letters Elliott received from admirers are in EP 2DRL 513/46. Truth-twisting methods: Midnight Sun n.d. [1921], AWM newscuttings.

Chapter Twenty-two

Krithia: HE to Bean 1.12.1921, AWM 38 3DRL 8042/14. Special introduction: OH vol. 1, pp. 133-4. Querying headstrong: HE to Bean 9.3.1922, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/468. Reply: Bean to HE 16.3.1922, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/505. ‘As you suggest’: HE to Bean 20.3.1922, AWM 38 3DRL 6673/468. Only memorial worthy: OH vol. 1, p. xxx. Gratuitous observation: White to Bean 20.3.1926, AWM 38 3DRL 606/256.
‘I wish’: JT to HE 28.11.1921, AWM 93 3.2.144. Stirring speech: ECT 16.11.1921. Famous lectures: Kyabram Free Press 21.4.1922.
Garden enthusiast: Despatches 1932. Kate: inf E. Marshall. Most inspiring: Fintonian July 1921, p. 12. ‘Is everyone happy?’: inf B. Harris. Colin saturated: inf I. Prictor.
Sombre mood: CPD 20.9.1922, p. 2396. Elliott unequivocal: CPD 20.9.1922, pp. 2426-8. ‘Without an E’: G. Souter, Acts of Parliament (Melbourne, 1988), p. 193. Strong loyalty: Duckboard 1.6.1929. ‘Men, money and markets’: S. Macintyre, The Oxford History of Australia vol. 4 1901-1942 (Melbourne, 1986), p. 201. Deep interest: P. Hasluck, Australia in the War of 1939-1945: The Government and the People 1939-1941 (Canberra, 1952), p. 17. ‘I say deliberately’: CPD 9.8.1923, p. 2369. On ALP defence policy: CPD 11.7.1923, pp. 890-1 & 9.9.1925, pp. 2307-8. Severe critic: CPD 17.8.1922, p. 1437. Brilliant suggestion: CPD 10.10.1922, p. 3419.
Big Lone Pine file: Bean to HE 7.6.1923, AWM 38 3DRL 8042/20. ‘I don’t expect’: OH vol. 2, p. 562. Complimenting Bean: HE to Bean 2.7.1925, AWM 38 3DRL 606/256.
Allen inquiry: CPD 22.8.1923, pp. 3307-8. Funniest AIF story, & Tasmanian Club sequel: F. Green to A. Bazley 20.9.1966 & 4.4.1965, Bazley papers 3DRL 3520/81, AWM.
Lawlessness deplored: Age 6.11.1923; A. Moore, The Secret Army and the Premier (Sydney, 1989), p. 48; C. Massingham, ‘When Police Strike: The Victorian Police Strike of 1923’ in K. Milte, Police in Australia (Sydney, 1977), p. 289. ‘Anywhere with Pompey’: Age 5.11.1923. Monash’s acknowledgment: Monash to A. Robinson 6.11.1923, Monash papers, folder 587, NLA. ‘The people can rely’: Herald 4.11.1923. Elliott’s startling letter to Robinson is in Monash papers NLA, as is Monash’s reply to Robinson (folder 587). Robinson lying: A. Robinson to HE 9.11.1923, EP 2DRL 513/19.
Stones: Latreille, pp. 13-23. Distressing drowning: CPD 11.3.1926, p. 1521. Soldier settlement enthusiast: CPD 11.7.1923, p. 894 & 14.8.1923, p. 2669. Finest advocate: CPD 9.12.1921, p. 14205. Lyn’s bitterness: inf R. Headley & P. McCombe. Urging tolerance: HE to BC 15.11.1918. Jacqui’s education: CPD 2.7.1930, p. 3548. Mild protest: inf I. Prictor. Guide, philosopher and friend: Duckboard 1.5.1931. Childbirth-suicide tragedy: CPD 11.3.1926, p. 1521. Collins Street encounter: inf C. Wignell. Jim Milroy: PR 87/215, AWM.
‘Let us be united’: Herald 24.4.1925. Stirring panegyric: Herald 25.4.1925. C.J. Dennis: Punch 21.5.1925. Gratifying sentence: Herald 25.4.1925, Age 27.4.1925.
Frankston skirmish: Truth 18.4.1925. Perceptive profile: Punch 6.8.1925. Campaigning: Bendigo Advertiser 8.10.1925; St Arnaud Mercury 14.10.1925; Birchip Advertiser 16.10.1925; Donald Times 16.10.1925; Sunraysia Daily 16, 17 & 19.10.1925. Hat’s return reported: Herald 20.10.1925; Guardian 20.10.1925. Beware leg-pull: HE to JT 23.12.1925, AWM 93 419/31/2. Memorable social: Sunraysia Daily 19.10.1925. Finest advocate: CPD 9.12.1921, p. 14205.

Chapter Twenty-three

Elliott on Canberra: CPD 21.7.1926, p. 4390, 8.7.1926, p. 3906, 12.8.926, pp. 5333-6, 5342-4. Profiteering: CPD 22.3.1927, pp. 820, 833. Back to Charlton: ECT 20.10.1926. Dead still speaking: CPD 9.5.1927, p. 3. Sizeable correspondence: Latham papers, series 41, NLA. Idle since Christmas: F. Brennan, Canberra in Crisis (Canberra, 1971), pp. 120-1. Close to perjury, & ‘sick and tired’: CPD 20.9.1928, pp. 6972, 6964. To the rescue: HE to Latham 15.8.1928, Latham papers 1009/41/402, NLA. Friend of Territory: CPD 6.10.1927, p. 262. ‘It’s all unjust’: notes of interview 22.9.1928, Latham papers 1009/41/419, NLA. Serious problem: Latham to S.M. Bruce 12.12.1928, Latham papers 1009/41/448, NLA.
Stressing units’ heritage: Argus 7.3.1927. Embargo removed: HE to Bean 15.5.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 606/261. In a whirlpool: Herald 25.4.1928. Bendigo: Bendigo Advertiser 26.4.1928.
Assn minutes: PR 87/215, AWM. Rousing speech: Age 24.9.1925. Clever twist: Despatches 1929. Congratulating Elliott, & ‘Help us’: Despatches 1928. Extremely busy life: 7 Bn Assn minutes 23.10.1929, PR 87/215, AWM. Pompey at reunions: inf J. Bignell. Bloody canary: Smith’s Weekly 4.4.1931. Scurry: HE to KE 20.8.1916; ADB vol. 11. Poor Lennon: HE to Jamieson 14.11.1928, PR 87/215, AWM. Radio talk: PR 87/215, AWM.
Jolly party: C.B.B.White D 8.8.1927, NLA. Blaring headlines: Sun (Melb) 7.10.1927; A. Thomson, ‘“The Vilest Libel of the War”? Imperial Politics and the Official Histories of Gallipoli’, Australian Historical Studies 101 (Oct 1993). Very great pity: HE to Bean 23.9.1927, AWM 38 3DRL 7953/7. The Villers-Bretonneux assessments in Liddell Hart’s The Remaking of Modern Armies (London, 1927) are on pp. 303-4. ‘Did you read’: R. Salmon to HE 18.9.1928, AWM 93 419/31/2. Elliott ‘concerned’: HE to JT n.d. [24.9.1928], EP 2DRL 513/40. Bean’s provisional assessment: note 4.10.1928, AWM 38 3DRL 606/273.
America’s refusal to help, & Pendulum Club: Pendulum 25.10.1927. Dual loyalty: K. Hancock, Australia (London, 1930). Essay competition: Minervan December 1928. Anniversary dinner: unidentified newscutting, Herald library. Criticism of Ryrie: HE to Latham 20.6.1928, Latham papers 1009/41/395, NLA.
Chilvers remembering: inf B. Chilvers. God in trees, & bicycle essay: inf J. Robison. ‘Young Pompey’: inf B. Lewis & A. Lyne.
Brilliant ball: Age 15.9.1928. 58 Bn reunion: Herald 28.9.1928. Endorsing scholarly publications: Herald 7.7.1924. Cousin baffled: N. Peaston to HE 19.1.1929, EP 2DRL 513/20. Old story now: Ballarat Courier 19.12.1927. Spectacular slide: unattributed newscutting, McCombe papers.
Bruce’s narrow view: D. Potts, A Study of Three Nationalists in the Bruce–Page Government of 1923-29 (MA thesis, University of Melbourne, 1972), p. 144; McMullin, The Light on the Hill, p. 130. Deliberately provocative: Macintyre, Oxford History, pp. 244-5. Most iniquitous: D. Carboch, ‘The Fall of the Bruce-Page Government’ in A. Wildavsky & D. Carboch, Studies in Australian Politics (Melbourne, 1958), p. 129. Bruce’s bombshell: Bruce to J. Hunter 25.5.1929, 1009/39/37, NLA. Telegrams to MPs: Latham papers 1009/39/33, NLA. Unequivocal support: HE to Bruce 29.5.1929, Latham papers series 39, NLA.

Chapter Twenty-four

Propaganda: CPD 4.9.1929, p. 498. Bizarre episode: Age, SMH & Herald (Melb) 1.10.1929.
Elliott-Bean correspondence re OH vol. 3: HE to Bean 15.5.1929, Bean to HE 21.5.1929 & HE to Bean 10.6.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Bean worshipping White: letter to his mother quoted in a letter by his brother J. Bean 25.8.1940, White papers carton 4, NLA (seen in 2000 as part of recently acquired material prior to sorting).
Bean unequivocal: OH vol. 3, p. 447. Early published appraisals: Bulletin 8.5.1929. Elliott impelled to respond, & covering letter: HE to Bulletin 14.5.1929, AWM 27 172/10. Xenophon articles: Bulletin 22 & 29.5.1929. The pre-edited versions are in AWM 27 172/10. T.T.T., X.X.X., 927 & 303: Bulletin 5, 19 & 26.6.1929, 10.7.1929, 7.8.1929. British protest: OH vol. 3, p. 903. Bean on unwanted colonels: OH vol. 3, p. 47, 52. Aggrieved widow: Bean to Mrs H. Littler 22.10.1929, AWM 38 3DRL 7953/4.
Pompey hankering: HE to Bean 15.5.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B. Elliott–Hobbs correspondence: HE to Hobbs 13.6.1929 & 23.7.1929, Hobbs to HE 8.7.1929, 14.8.1929 & 20.9.1929, EP 2DRL 513/46. Turning to McCay: HE to McCay 9.9.1929 & McCay statement 13.9.1929, EP 2DRL 513/46. Approach to Monash: HE to Monash 1.9.1929, EP 2DRL 513/46; Monash to HE 16.9.1929, EP 1DRL 264/1B.
Elliott on senators’ rights: CPD 11.12.1929, pp. 975-9. ‘Digger’ Dunn: CPD 21.11.1929, p. 65 & 13.12.1929, p. 1293. Vile outburst: CPD 9.4.1930, pp. 991-3. Stinging letter: McGrath to HE 31.7.1930, EP 2DRL 513/20. Defence system filched: CPD 11.12.1929, p. 979. Exasperating and disheartening: HE to Jamieson 10.5.1930, PR 87/215, AWM. Cricket more compelling: Herald 21.6.1930. Green’s retort: CPD 24.6.1930, pp. 3097-9. Pompey’s counter-attack: CPD 25.6.1930, p. 3193. Daly’s challenge: CPD 25.6.1930, p. 3199. Intensely personal reply: CPD 2.7.1930, pp. 3544-50.
Against unorthodox measures: CPD 22.5.1930, p. 2016, 11.12.1929, p. 976 & 17.12.1930, p. 1608. ‘We have unanimously’: SMH 19.8.1930. Condemned in Charlton: Charlton Tribune 16.7.1930.
Only one Pompey: Duckboard 1.5.1930, p. 40. Foremost unveiler: Despatches 1930. Elliott’s Reveille articles appeared in its issues of February, April, June & October 1930. Constitutional Club: Age, Argus & SMH 23.4.1929. Fromelles lecture: AWM 38 3DRL 6673/954. ‘Bungled Battle’: News-Chronicle 18.7.1930. Amazing outburst: Age 18.7.1930. Spirited rejoinder: Age 21.7.1930. ‘When the name’: Duckboard January 1924, p. 5.
Reconciliation: C.B.B. White D 8.8.1927, NLA. Approaching White: HE to White 30.5.1930 & 6.6.1930, EP 2DRL 513/46. White startled & evasive: C.B.B. White D 2 & 10.6.1930, NLA; White to HE 3 & 10.6.1930, EP 2DRL 513/46. ‘The very idea’: White to Bean 11.7.1930, AWM 38 3DRL 606/247.
Supersession obsession: Bean’s note 4.10.1928, AWM 38 3DRL 606/273; HE to Hobbs 23.7.1929, EP 2DRL 513/46. Mass hopelessness: A. Sharpe, Nostalgia Australia (Sydney, 1975), p. 131. At wits end: HE to Jamieson 10.5.1930, PR 87/215, AWM. ‘No other aspect’: Despatches 1932. No inkling: inf J.M. Coldrey. Newspapers: Sun (Melb) 16.2.1931; Age, Argus, Herald 17.2.1931.
Oven incident: VPRS 24/1193/333 (1931), PROV. Daily bulletins: Sun, Age, Argus, Herald 17.2.1931. Chaplain: Despatches 1932. Severely depressed, & last hours: VPRS 24/1193/333 (1931), PROV; Smith’s Weekly 18.4.1931.

Chapter Twenty-five

Discreetly vague: Herald 23.3.1931, Age 24.3.1931, Labor Daily 24.3.1931. Hobbs: West Australian 24.3.1931. ‘Probably no other’: Argus 24.3.1931. Latham: CPD 24.3.1931, pp. 511-12. Labor senators, & Payne & Sampson: CPD 25.3.1931, pp. 560, 562. ‘My heart is sore’: B. Sampson to J. Sampson 23.3.1931, EP SLV.
Funeral: Argus 26.3.1931, Herald 25.3.1931, inf G. McKaige. Jamieson: Despatches 1932. The letters to Kate from Bruce, MacFarland & the militia colleague, C. Nelson, are all 25.3.1931, EP SLV.
Bean’s obituary: Reveille 31.3.1931. Anzac Day tribute: unattributed newscutting, McCombe papers. ‘No more loyal’: Despatches 1932. School function: Ballarat Courier 4.5.1931. Thanksgiving service: PR 87/215, AWM.
Inquest: VPRS 24/1193/333 (1931), PROV. Glowing profile: Smith’s Weekly 4.4.1931. Exposé: Smith’s Weekly 18.4.1931. Retaliation: Terang Express 17.4.1931. ‘If you want’: W. Downing’s introduction to his father’s reissued book To the Last Ridge (Sydney, 1998), p. xii. Memorial: personal inspection.
Neil and New Guinea: CRS A518/1 852/1/552, Australian Archives (ACT branch); Sun (Melb) 5.7.1939; JT to V. Elliott 20.9.1939, AWM 93 12/4/59.
Violet’s ‘aura’: inf J. Smithers. Heartfelt sentiment: see e.g. N. Denehy to V. Elliott 10.4.1942, McCombe papers. Gladiolus: unattributed newscutting, McCombe papers.