THE HISTORY BEHIND THE TRAGEDIES: A Chronology

Era/Date: Greek myth

Event: Trojan War

Location: Troy

Play: Troilus and Cressida

Era/Date: Greek myth

Event: Theseus King of Athens

Location: Athens

Play: The Two Noble Kinsmen

Era/Date: c. tenth–ninth century BC?

Event: Leir King of Britain (legendary)

Location: Britain

Play: King Lear

Era/Date: 535–510 BC

Event: Tarquin II King of Rome

Location: Rome

Play: The Rape of Lucrece

Era/Date: 493 BC

Event: Caius Martius captures Corioli

Location: Italy

Play: Coriolanus

Era/Date: 431–404 BC

Event: Peloponnesian war

Location: Greece

Play: Timon of Athens

Era/Date: Mar. 17, 45 BC

Event: Battle of Munda: Caesar’s victory over Pompey’s sons

Location: Munda, Spain

Play: Julius Caesar

Era/Date: Oct. 45 BC

Event: Caesar returns to Rome for triumph

Location: Rome

Play: Julius Caesar

Era/Date: Mar. 15, 44 BC

Event: Assassination of Caesar

Location: Rome

Play: Julius Caesar

Era/Date: Nov. 27, 43 BC

Event: Formation of Second Triumvirate

Location: Rome

Play: Julius Caesar

Era/Date: Oct. 42 BC

Event: Battle of Philippi

Location: Philippi, Macedonia

Play: Julius Caesar

Era/Date: Winter 41–40 BC

Event: Antony visits Cleopatra

Location: Egypt

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: Oct. 40 BC

Event: Pact of Brundisium; marriage of Antony and Octavia

Location: Italy

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: 39 BC

Event: Pact of Misenum between Pompey and the triumvirs

Location: Campania, Italy

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: 39–38 BC

Event: Ventidius defeats the Parthians in a series of engagements

Location: Syria

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: 34 BC

Event: Cleopatra and her children proclaimed rulers of the eastern Mediterranean

Location: Alexandria

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: Sep. 2, 31 BC

Event: Battle of Actium

Location: On the coast of western Greece

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: Aug. 30 BC

Event: Death of Antony

Location: Alexandria

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: Aug. 12, 30 BC

Event: Death of Cleopatra

Location: Alexandria

Play: Antony and Cleopatra

Era/Date: Early first century AD

Event: Cunobelinus/Cymbeline rules Britain (and dies before AD 43)

Location: Britain

Play: Cymbeline

Era/Date: During the reign of a fictional (late?) Roman emperor

Location: Rome

Play: Titus Andronicus

Era/Date: c. ninth–tenth century AD

Event: Existence of legendary Amleth?

Location: Denmark

Play: Hamlet

Era/Date: Aug. 15, 1040

Event: Death of Duncan I of Scotland

Location: Bothnguane, Scotland

Play: Macbeth

Era/Date: 1053

Event: Malcolm invades Scotland

Location: Scotland

Play: Macbeth

Era/Date: Aug. 15, 1057

Event: Death of Macbeth

Location: Lumphanan, Scotland

Play: Macbeth

Era/Date: Oct. 7, 1571

Event: Naval battle of Lepanto between Christians and Turks

Location: The Mediterranean, off the coast of Greece

Play: A context for Othello