[120] Mustum si voles totum annum habere, in amphoram mustum indito et corticem oppicato, demittito in piscinam. Post dies XXX eximito. Totum annum mustum erit.
[120] 1 If you wish to keep grape juice through the whole year, put the grape juice in an amphora, seal the stopper with pitch, and sink in the pond. Take it out after thirty days; it will remain sweet the whole year.
[121] Mustaceos sic facito. Farinae siligneae modium unum musto conspargito. Anesum, cuminum, adipis P. II, casei libram, et de virga lauri deradito, eodem addito, et ubi definxeris, lauri folia subtus addito, cum coques.
[121] 1 Recipe for must cake: Moisten 1 modius of wheat flour with must; add anise, cummin, 2 pounds of lard, 1 pound of cheese, and the bark of a laurel twig. When you have made them into cakes, put bay leaves under them, and bake.
[122] Vinum concinnare, si lotium difficilius transibit. Capreidam vel iunipirum contundito in pila, libram indito, in duobus congiis vini veteris in vase aheneo vel in plumbeo defervefacito. Ubi refrixerit, in lagonam indito. Id mane ieiunus sumito cyathum; proderit.
[122] 1 To blend a wine as a remedy for retention of urine: Macerate capreida or Jupiter, add a pound of it, and boil in 2 congii of old wine in a copper or lead vessel. After it cools, pour into a bottle. Take a cyathus in the morning before eating; it will prove beneficial.
[123] Vinum ad isc[h]iacos sic facito. De iunipiro materiem semipedem crassam concidito minutim. Eam infervefacito cum congio vini veteris. Ubi refrixerit, in lagonam confundito et postea id utito cyathum mane ieiunus; proderit.
[123] 1 To blend a wine as a remedy for gout: Cut into small chips a piece of juniper wood a half-foot thick, boil with a congius of old wine, and after it cools pour into a bottle. Take a cyathus in the morning before eating; it will prove beneficial.
[124] Canes interdiu clausos esse oportet, ut noctu acriores et vigilantiores sint.
[124] 1 Dogs should be chained up during the day, so that they may be keener and more watchful at night.
[125] Vinum murteum sic facito. Murtam nigram arfacito in umbra. Ubi iam passa erit, servato ad vindemiam, in urnam musti contundito murtae semodium, id oblinito. Id est ad alvum crudam et ad lateris dolorem et ad coeliacum.
[125] 1 Recipe for myrtle wine: Dry out black myrtle in the shade, and when dried keep it until vintage. Macerate a half-modius of myrtle into an urna of must and seal it. When the must has ceased to ferment remove the myrtle. This is a remedy for indigestion, for pain in the side, and for colic.
[126] Ad tormina, et si alvus non consistet, et si taeniae et lumbrici molesti erunt. XXX mala Punica acerba sumito, contundito, indito in urceum et vini nigri austeri congios III. Vas oblinito. Post dies XXX aperito et utito; ieiunus heminam bibito.
[126] 1 For gripes, for loose bowels, for tapeworms and stomach-worms, if troublesome: Take 30 acid pomegranates, crush, place in a jar with 3 congii of strong black wine, and seal the vessel. Thirty days later open and use. Drink a hemina before eating.
[127] Ad dyspepsiam et stranguriam mederi. Malum Punicum ubi florebit, conligito, tris minas in amphoram infundito, vini Q. I veteris addito et feniculi radicem puram contusam minam. Oblinito amphoram et post dies XXX aperito et utito. Ubi voles cibum concoquere et lotium facere, hinc bibito quantum voles sine periculo. Idem vinum taenias perpurgat et lumbricos, si sic concinnes. Incenatum iubeto esse. Postridie turis drachmam unam conterito et mel coctum drachmam unam et vini sextarium origaniti. Dato ieiuno, et puero pro aetate triobolum et vini hemina. Supra pilam inscendat et saliat decies et deambulet.
[127] 1 Remedy for dyspepsia and strangury: Gather pomegranate blossoms when they open, and place 3 minae of them in an amphora. Add one quadrantal of old wine and a mina of clean crushed root of fennel; seal the vessel and thirty days later open and use. You may drink this as freely as you wish without risk, when you wish to digest your food and to urinate. The same wine will clear out tapeworms and stomach-worms if it is blended in this way. Bid the patient refrain from eating in the evening, and the next morning macerate 1 drachm of pulverized incense, 1 drachm of boiled honey, and a sextarius of wine of wild marjoram. Administer to him before he eats, and, for a child, according to age, a triobolusº and a hemina. Have him climb a pillar and jump down ten times, and walk about.
[128] Habitationem delutare. Terram quam maxime cretosam vel rubricosam, eo amurcam infundito, paleas indito. Sinito quadriduum fracescat. Ubi bene fracuerit, rutro concidito. Ubi concideris, delutato. Ita neque aspergo nocebit, neque mures cava facient, neque herba nascetur, neque lutamenta scindent se.
[128] 1 To plaster a dwelling: Take very chalky or red earth, pour amurca over it, and add chopped straw; let it soften for four days, and when it has softened thoroughly, work up with a spade; and when you have worked it up, plaster. With this treatment, the moisture will not injure the walls, nor the mice burrow in them, nor weeds grow, nor the plaster crack.
[129] Aream, ubi frumentum teratur, sic facito. Confodiatur minute terra, amurca bene conspargatur et conbibat quam plurimum. Conminuito terram et cylindro aut pavicula coaequato. Ubi coaequata erit, neque formicae molestae erunt, et cum pluerit, lutum non erit.
[129] 1 To make a floor for threshing grain: Break the ground fine, soak thoroughly with amurca and let it absorb as much as possible; then pulverize the dirt and level with a roller or rammer. When it is levelled the ants will not be troublesome, and there will be no mud when it rains.
[130] Codicillos oleagineos et cetera ligna amurca cruda perspargito et in sole ponito, perbibant bene. Ita neque fumosa erunt et ardebunt bene.
[130] 1 Wet olive logs and other firewood with crude amurca and expose them to the sun so that they will absorb it thoroughly; with this treatment, they will not be smoky, but will burn well.
[131] Piro florente dapem pro bubus facito. Postea verno arare incipito. Ea loca primum arato, quae rudecta harenosaque erunt. Postea uti quaeque gravissima et aquosissima erunt, ita postremo arato.
[131] 1 Make the offering for the oxen when the pear trees bloom; then begin the spring ploughing. Plough first the spots which are dry and sandy. Then, the heavier and wetter the spots are, the later they should be ploughed.
[132] Dapem hoc modo fieri oportet. Iovi dapali culignam vini quantam vis polluceto. Eo die feriae bubus et bubulcis et qui dapem facient. Cum pollucere oportebit, sic facies: “Iuppiter dapalis, quod tibi fieri oportet in domo familia mea culignam vini dapi, eius rei ergo macte hac illace dape polluenda esto.” Manus interluito postea vinum sumito: “Iuppiter dapalis, macte istace dape polluenda esto, macte vino inferio esto.” Vestae, si voles, dato. Daps Iovi assaria pecuina urna vini. Iovi caste profanato sua contagione. Postea dape facta serito milium, panicum, alium, lentim.
[132] 1 The offering is to be made in this way: Offer to Jupiter Dapalis a cup of wine of any size you wish, observing the day as a holiday for the oxen, the teamsters, and those who make the offering. In making the offering use this formula: “Jupiter Dapalis, forasmuch as it is fitting that a cup of wine be offered thee, in my house and in the midst of my people, for they sacred feast; and to that end, be thou honoured by the offering of this food.” Wash the hands, then take the wine, and say: “Jupiter Dapalis, be thou honoured by the offering of thy feast, and be thou honoured by the wine placed before thee.” You may make an offering to Vesta if you wish. Present it to Jupiter religiously, in the fitting form. The feast to Jupiter consists of roasted meat and an urn of wine. After the offering is made plant millet, panic grass, garlic, and lentils.
[133] Propagatio pomorum ceterarumque arborum. Arboribus abs terra pulli qui nati erunt, eos in terram deprimito, extollito, uti radicem capere possint. Inde, ubi tempus erit, effodito seritoque recte. Ficum, oleam, malum Punicum, mala strutea, cotonea aliaque mala omnia, laurum Cypriam, Delphicam, prunum, murtum coniugulum et murtum album et nigrum, nuces Abellanas, Praenestinas, platanum haec omnia genera a capitibus propagari eximique ad hunc modum oportebit. Quae diligentius seri voles, in calicibus seri oportet. In arboribus radices uti capiant, calicem pertusum sumito tibi aut quasillum; per eum ramulum trasserito; eum quasillum terra inpleto caecatoque, in arbore relinquito. Ubi bimum erit, ramum tenerum infra praecidito, cum quasillo serito. Eo modo quod vis genus arborum facere poteris uti radices bene habeant. Item vitem in quasillum propagato terraque bene operito, anno post praecidito, cum qualo serito.
[133] 1 To layer fruit and other trees: Press back into the ground the scions which spring up from the ground, but raise their tips out, so that they will take root; dig up at the proper time and transplant vertically. In this way you should propagate from the crown and transplant fig, olive, pomegranate, quince, wild quince, and all other fruits, Cyprian and Delphic laurel, plum, conjuglan myrtle, as well as white and black myrtle, Abellan and Praenestine nuts, and plane trees. Those which you wish to have planted more carefully should be planted in pots. To make them take root while on the tree, take a pot perforated at the bottom or a basket, run the shoot through it, fill the basket with earth, pack it, and leave it on the tree. When it is two years old cut off the tender branch below and plant along with the basket. By this method you can make any variety of tree take root firmly. Vines may also be layered by thrusting them through a basket, packing firmly with earth, cutting a year later, and planting along with the basket.
[134] Priusquam messim facies, porcam praecidaneam hoc modo fieri oportet. Cereri porca praecidanea porco femina, priusquam hasce fruges condas, far, triticum, hordeum, fabam, semen rapicium. Ture vino Iano Iovi Iunoni praefato, priusquam porcum feminam immolabis. Iano struem [c]ommoveto sic: “Iane pater, te hac strue [c]ommovenda bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis domo familiaeque meae”. Fertum Iovi [c]ommoveto et mactato sic: “Iuppiter, te hoc ferto obmovendo bonas preces precor uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis domo familiaeque meaemactus hoc ferto”. Postea Iano vinum dato sic: “Iane pater, uti te strue [c]ommovenda bonas preces bene precatus sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte vino inferio esto.” Postea porcam praecidaneam inmolato. Ubi exta prosecta erunt, Iano struem ommoveto mactatoque item, uti prius obmoveris. Iovi fertum obmoveto mactatoque item, uti prius feceris. Item Iano vinum dato et Iovi vinum dato, item uti prius datum ob struem obmovendam et fertum libandum. Postea Cereri exta et vinum dato.
[134] 1 Before harvest the sacrifice of the porca praecidanea should be offered in this manner: Offer a sow as porca praecidanea to Ceres before harvesting spelt, wheat, barley, beans, and rape seed; and address a prayer, with incense and wine, to Janus, Jupiter, and Juno, before offering the sow. Make an offering of cakes to Janus, with these words: “Father Janus, in offering these cakes, I humbly beg that thou wilt be gracious and merciful to me and my children, my house and my household.” Then make an offering of cake to Jupiter with these words: “In offering this cake, O Jupiter I humbly beg that thou, pleased by this offering, wilt be gracious and merciful to me and my children, my house and my household.” Then present the wine to Janus, saying: “Father Janus, as I prayed humbly in offering the cakes, so wilt thou to the same end be honoured by this wine placed before thee.” And then pray to Jupiter thus: “Jupiter, wilt thou deign to accept the cake; wilt thou deign to accept the wine placed before thee.” Then offer up the porca praecidanea. When the entrails have been removed, make an offering of cakes to Janus, with a prayer as before; and an offering of a cake to Jupiter, with a prayer as before. After the same manner, also, offer wine to Janus and offer wine to Jupiter, as was directed before for the offering of the cakes, and the consecration of the cake. Afterwards offer entrails and wine to Ceres.
[135] Romae tunicas, togas, saga, centones, sculponeas; Calibus et Minturnis cuculliones, ferramenta, falces, palas, ligones, secures, ornamenta, murices, catellas; Venafri palas. Suessae et in Lucanis plostra, treblae Albae, Romae dolia, labra; tegulae ex Venafro. Aratra in terram validam Romanica bona erunt; in terram pullam Campanica; iuga Romanica optima erunt; vomeris indutilis optimus erit. Trapeti Pompeis, Nolae ad Rufri maceriam; claves, clostra Romae; hamae oleariae, urcei aquarii, urnae vinariae, alia vasa ahenea Capuae, Nolae; fiscinae Campanicae Capuae utiles sunt. Funes subductarios, spartum omne Capuae; fiscinas Romanicas Suessae, Casino+ * * * optimae erunt Romae.
Funem torculum siquis faciet, Casini L. Tunnius, Venafri C. Mennius L. f. Eo indere oportet coria bona III nostratia, recentia quae depsta sient, quam minimum sallis habeant. Ea depsere et unguere unguine prius oportet, tum siccare. Funem exordiri oportet longum P. LXXII. Toros III habeat, lora in toros singulos VIIII lata digitos II. Cum tortus erit, longus P. XLVIIII. In conmissura abibit P. III, rel. erit P. XLVI. Ubi extentus erit, accedent P. V: longus erit P. LI. Funem torculum extentum longum esse oportet P. LV maximis vasis, minoribus P. LI. Funem loreum in plostrum iustum P. LX, semifunium P. XLV, lora retinacula in plostrum P. XXXVI, ad aratrum P. XXVI, lora praeductoria P. XXVII S, subiugia in plostrum lora P. XIX, funiculum P. XV, in aratrum subiugia lora P. XII, funiculum P. IIX.
Trapetos latos maximos P. IIII S, orbis altos P. III S, orbis medios, ex lapicaedinis cum eximet, crassos pedem et palmum, inter miliarium et labrum P. I digitos II, labra crassa digitos V. Secundarium trapetum latum P. IIII et palmum, inter miliarium et labrum pes unus digitus unus, labra crassa digitos V, orbis altos P. III et digitos V, crassos P. I et digitos III. Foramen in orbis semipedem quoquo versum facito. Tertium trapetum latum P. IIII, inter miliarium et labrum P. I, labrum digitos V, orbis altos P. III digitos III, crassos P. I et digitos II. Trapetum ubi arvectum erit, ubi statues, ibi accommodato concinnatoque.
[135] 1 Tunics, togas, blankets, smocks, and shoes should be bought at Rome; caps, iron tools, scythes, spades, mattocks, axes, harness, ornaments, and small chains at Cales and Minturnae; spades at Venafrum; carts and sledges at Suessa and in Lucania; jars and pots at Alba and at Rome; and tiles at Venafrum. 2 Roman ploughs will be good for heavy soil, Campanian for black loam. Roman yokes are the best made. You will find detachable ploughshares the best. The following cities are the best markets for the articles named: oil mills at Pompeii, and at Rufrius’s yard at Nola; nails and bars at Rome; pails, oil-urns, water-pitchers, wine-urns, other copper vessels at Capua and at Nola; Campanian baskets from Capua will be found useful; 3 pulley ropes and all sorts of cordage at Capua; Roman baskets at Suessa and Casinum; . . . at Rome will be found best.
Lucius Tunnius, of Casinum, and Gaius Mennius, son of Lucius Mennius, of Venafrum, make the best press-ropes. Eight good native hides, freshly tanned, should be used for these, and should have very little salt; they should be tanned, rubbed down with fat, and then dried. 4 The rope should be laid down 72 feet long, and should have 3 splices, with 9 leather thongs, 2 fingers wide, at each splice. When twisted it will be 49 feet long; 3 feet will be lost in the fastening, leaving 46 feet; when stretched, 5 feet will be added, and the length will be 51 feet. 5 The press-rope should be 55 feet long for the largest presses and 51 for the smaller when stretched. Proper length of thongs for the cart 60 feet, cords 45 feet, leather reins for the cart 36 feet and for the plough 26 feet; traces 27½ feet; yoke straps for the cart 19 feet, lines 15; for the plough, yoke straps 12 feet and line 8 feet.
6 The largest mills are 4½ feet in diameter; the stones 3½ feet, the centre (when quarried) a foot and a palm thick. Interval between the column and the basin 1 foot, 2 fingers; basin 5 fingers thick. Those of the second size are 4 feet and a palm in diameter, interval between column and basin 1 foot, 1 finger, basin 5 fingers thick; stones 3 feet, 5 fingers in diameter, 1 foot, 3 fingers thick. Cut a hole ½ foot square in the stones. Those of the third size are 4 feet in diameter, interval between column and basin 1 foot, thickness of basin 5 fingers; stones 3 feet, 3 fingers in diameter, 1 foot, 2 fingers thick. Assemble and adjust the press after it has been brought to the place where you wish to set it up.
[136] Politionem quo pacto partiario dari oporteat. In agro Casinate et Venafro in loco bono parti octava corbi divicat, satis bono septima, tertio loco sexta; si granum modio dividet, parti quinta. In Venafro ager optimum nona parti corbi dividat. Si communiter pisunt, qua ex parte politori pars est, eam partem in pistrinum politor. Hordeum quinta modio, fabam quinta modio dividat.
[136] 1 Terms for letting the tending of the land to a share tenant: In the district of Casinum and Venafrum, on good land he should receive one-eighth of the unthreshed grain, on fairly good land one-seventh, on land of third quality one-sixth; if the threshed grain is shared, one-fifth. In the district of Venafrum the division is one-ninth of the unthreshed grain on the best land. If they mill in common, the caretaker shall pay for the milling in proportion to the share he receives. He should receive one-fifth of threshed barley and one-fifth of shelled beans.
[137] Vineam curandam partiario. Bene curet fundum, arbustum, agrum frumentarium. Partiario faenum et pabulum, quod bubus satis siet, qui illic sient. Cetera omnia pro indiviso.
[137] 1 Terms for letting the care of the vineyard to a share tenant: he must take good care of the estate, the orchard, and the grain land. The share worker is to have enough hay and fodder for the cattle on the place; everything else is in common.
[138] Boves feriis coniungere licet. Haec licet facere: arvehant ligna, fabalia, frumentum, quod conditurus erit. Mulis, equis, asinis feriae nullae, nisi si in familia sunt.
[138] 1 Oxen may be yoked on feast days for these purposes: to haul firewood, bean stalks, and grain for storing. There is no holiday for mules, horses, or donkeys, except the family festivals.
[139] Lucum conlucare Romano more sic oportet: porco piaculo facito, sic verba concipito: “Si deus, si dea es, quoiium illud sacrum est, uti tibi ius est porco piaculo facere illiusce sacri coercendi ergo harumque rerum ergo, sive ego sive quis iussu meo fecerit, uti id recte factum siet, eius rei ergo hoc porco piaculo immolando bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi domo familiaeque meae liberisque meis: harumce rerum ergo macte hoc porco piaculo immolando esto”.
[139] 1 The following is the Roman formula to be observed in thinning a grove: A pig is to be sacrificed, and the following prayer uttered: “Whether thou be god or goddess to whom this grove is dedicated, as it is thy right to receive a sacrifice of a pig for the thinning of this sacred grove, and to this intent, whether I or one at my bidding do it, may it be rightly done. To this end, in offering this pig to thee I humbly beg that thou wilt be gracious and merciful to me, to my house and household, and to my children. Wilt thou deign to receive this pig which I offer thee to this end.”