ABBREVIATIONS:
CCAP: The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, ed. Adamson and Taylor
DSB: Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 16 vols, ed. Gillespie
EHAS: Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, 3 vols, ed. Rashed
TTT: Tradition, Transmission, Transformation..., ed. Ragep et al
CHAPTER 1
1 ‘knowledge of the sundial...’, Herodotus, II, 109
1 ‘The Egyptians by their...’, Ibid., II, 4
1 ‘The invention of geometry...’, Ibid., II, 109
1 ‘in the modern sense...’, Neugebauer, p. 80
2 ‘Egyptian astronomy had...’, Ibid., p. 80
2 ‘The Egyptian calendar became...’, Ibid., p. 80
2 ‘survived and are often...’, Ibid., p. 81
4 ‘No astronomical texts...’, Ibid., p. 14
4 ‘The only essential...’ Ibid., p. 29
4 ‘has furnished us ...’, Ibid., p. 14
4 ‘tables of square...’, Ibid., p. 34
4 ‘the calculation of...’, Hodgkin, p. 28
5 ‘this method became...’, Neugebauer, p. 20
5 ‘can in many respects...’, Ibid., p. 48
6 ‘the first signs ...’, Ibid., p. 100
6 ‘If on the 21st...’, Sarton, A History of Science, vol. 1, p. 77
6 ‘The data on...’, Neugebauer, p. 101
7 ‘All that we can safely...’, Ibid., p. 147
8 ‘the terminology as ...’, Ibid., p. 166
8 ‘it seems reasonable...’, Ibid., p. 167
8 ‘Babylonian influence is...’, Ibid., p. 156
CHAPTER 2
9 ‘the land of the Greeks’, Anawati, DSB, vol. 15, p. 230
10 ‘supposed the elements of...’, Kirk and Raven, p. 237
11 ‘Nothing occurs at random...’, Ibid., p. 413
12 ‘he was the first...’, Plutarch, Pericles, iv, 4
12 ‘The sun, the moon...’, Kirk and Raven, p. 391
12 ‘saw that the...’, Plato, Phaedo, 98c
12 ‘Let’s study astronomy...’, Plato, Republic, VII, 530 b-c
13 ‘on what hypotheses the...’, Guthrie, V, p. 450
14 ‘Now intelligent action is...’, Aristotle, Physics, II, 8: 12–15
14 ‘a distinguished man who...’, Diogenes Laertius, v. 58
15 ‘For if one observes...’, quoted by Lloyd, Greek Science After Aristotle, p. 16
15 ‘had at his disposal...’, Mostafa El-Abbadi, ‘The Alexandria Library in History’, in Alexandria, Real and Imagined, by Anthony Hirst and Michael Silk, p. 171
17 ‘a volume equal to...’, Dijksterhuis, p. 362
17 ‘Aristarchus of Samos has, however,...’, Ibid., p. 362–63
17 ‘that he was disturbing...’, Plutarch, Moralia, xii, 923
19 ‘things on land and...’, Strabo, 1.1.1
20 ‘we see here...’, Neugebauer, p. 226
CHAPTER 3
25 ‘Though I am a...’, quoted by Freely, Istanbul, the Imperial City, p. 78
26 ‘a man eloquent and...’, Clagett, Greek Science in Antiquity, p. 181
26 ‘admirable introduction to the...’, O’Leary, How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs, p. 69
27 ‘These texts are based...’ Morelon, in EHAS, vol. 1, p. 9
27 ‘their valuable methods of...’, Boyer, p. 238
27 ‘I only wish to...’, Ibid, p. 238
28 ‘books by Aristotle...’, Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, p. 30
28 ‘motivated by the belief...’, Ibid., p. 25
28 ‘He had in his retinue...’, Ibid. p. 30
29 ‘he mingled elements from...’, quoted by Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, p. 114
29 ‘over the centuries...’, Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, p. 114
29 ‘That his text survived...’, Saliba, A History of Arabic Astronomy, p. 72
30 ‘The people of every age...’, Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, p. 46
30 ‘mistress of all sciences’, Ibid., p. 108
30 ‘to renew this useful science...’, Ibid., pp. 180–81
30 ‘Stephanus brought with him...’, Ibid., p. 181
30 ‘after a hiatus of ...’, Ibid., p. 181
31 ‘as an expression of...’, Ibid., p. 185
32 ‘This was the reason...’, Ibid., p. 115
32 ‘And fire which burns...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 141
33 ‘one of the centres...’, O’Leary, How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs, p. 156
33 ‘From Marw came...’, Ibid., p. 156
33 ‘Some of the astronomical...’, Ibid., p. 157
33 ‘the varying lengths...’, Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, p. 111
34 ‘The ancient city...’, Pingree, DSB, vol. 1, p. 32
34 ‘In this effort ...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 1, p. 33
34 ‘to restore to mankind...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 1, p. 32
34 ‘In these writings ...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 1, p. 35
35 ‘And Harun, amid the pomp...’, Clot, p. 35
CHAPTER 4
36 ‘he translated from Persian...’, Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, p. 55
36 ‘It was a library...’, Ibid., p. 58
36 ‘Under al-Ma’mun it seemed...’, Ibid., p. 58–9
36 ‘was certainly not a center...’, Ibid., p. 59
37 ‘caliphal authority at the ...’, Ibid., p. 99
37 ‘Al Ma’mun dreamed that...’, Ibid., p. 98
37 ‘was employed full-time...’, Ibid., p. 58
38 ‘encouraged me to compose...’, Ibid., p. 113
38 ‘The first thing which...’, Boyer, p. 253
38 ‘We have said enough...’, Ibid., p. 254
38 ‘It may be that mathematics...’ O’Leary, How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs, p. 154
38 ‘Certainly the earliest Arab...’, Ibid., p. 154
40 ‘for full-time translation’, Gutas, Greek Thought, Arabic Culture, 133
40 ‘What makes the people...’, Anawati, DSB, vol. 15, p. 230
41 ‘He went to the bath...’, Hugh Kennedy, The Court of the Caliphs, p. 255
41 ‘I sought for it...’, Anawati, DSB, vol. 15, p. 230
41 ‘I translated it when ...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 15, p. 230
42 ‘These are the books...’, Iskandar, DSB, vol. 15, p. 235
43 ‘advised them to claim...’ O’Leary, How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs, p. 177–78
43 ‘The story is obviously apocryphal ...,’ Ibid., p. 173
43 ‘how the Harranites came...’, Ibid., p. 173
43 ‘was originally a money-changer...’, Ibid., p. 173
43 ‘the supreme philosopher among...’ Thorndike, vol. I, p. 661
44 ‘As well as the error...’, Morelon, EHAS, vol. I, p. 29
45 ‘Handbook for manufacturing...’, Ibid., p. 55
46 ‘We are the heirs and offspring...’, Rozenfeld and Ihsanoğlu, p. 56
46 ‘a certain great noble...’, Thorndike, vol. I, p. 65
47 ‘the world’s greatest city...’, Clot, p. 197
47 ‘For you must know...’, Ibid., p. 216
47 ‘See you not how...’, Hugh Kennedy, The Court of the Caliphs, p. 63
CHAPTER 5
49 ‘Knowledge of the first...’, Klein-Franke, in Nasr and Leaman, p. 169
49 ‘We should not be...’, Walzer, p. 12
49 ‘My principle is first ...’, Ibid., p. 13
50 ‘The philosopher may intend...’, Adamson, in Adamson and Taylor, p. 46
51 ‘It is impossible for...’, Ibid., p. 41
51 ‘The sages’, he writes, ‘have proved...’, Thorndike, I, p. 65
52 ‘The mosquitoes go out...’, Egerton, p. 143
52 ‘The best gift from Allah...’, Turner, p. 131
52 ‘In his youth, he played...’, Arberry, The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes, p. 1
53 ‘The unsurpassed physician...’, Goodman in Nasr and Leaman, p. 198
55 ‘When shall it be...’, Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam, p. 206
55 ‘I have never gone...’, Ibid., p. 200
55 ‘He used to sit ...’, Ibid., p. 201
55 ‘Truly I know not...’, Arberry, The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes, p. 7
56 ‘After this’, according to...’, Mahdi, DSB, vol. 4, p. 523
57 ‘The book can be...’, Ibid., p. 55
57 ‘Some men need...’, Reisman, in Adamson and Taylor, pp. 63–4
58 ‘Have you any proficiency...’, Netton, p. 6
58 ‘He then drew...’, Ibid., p. 6
CHAPTER 6
59 ‘Verily, in the creation...’, Sayılı, The Observatory in Islam, p. 16
59 ‘the senior of the ...’, Ibid., p. 53
60 ‘Al Ma’mun ordered him [Khalid] to...’, Ibid., p. 53
61 ‘composed an important...’, Hartner, DSB, vol. 1, pp. 507–8
61 ‘We have observed it ...’, Sayıı, The Observatory in Islam, p.97
61 ‘al-Battani the Harranite’, Copernicus, p. 21
62 ‘It is impossible...’, Singh, p. 66
62 ‘I have a truly...’, Ibid., p. 66
63 ‘Pleurisy is an inflamation...’, Hamarneh, DSB, vol. 9, p. 40
65 ‘After I had barely...’, Kennedy, DSB, vol. 2, 148
68 ‘will be sufficient for any one...’, Sachau, vol. 2, p. 246
69 ‘And now Islam has appeared...’, Chelkowski, p. 113
CHAPTER 7
70 ‘when I reached the age...’, Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition, p. 23
70 ‘sent me for a while...’, Ibid., p. 24
70 ‘who claimed to be...’, Ibid., p. 24
70 ‘took leave of me’, Ibid., p. 27
70 ‘I occupied myself...’, Ibid., p. 27
70 ‘Next I desired [to learn] medicine...’, Ibid., p. 27
71 ‘The next year and a half...’, Ibid., pp. 27–8
71 ‘but did not understand...’, Ibid., p. 28
71 ‘I rejoiced at this ...’, Ibid., p. 28
71 ‘So that by...’, Ibid., p. 29
71 ‘As a matter of fact, ...’, Ibid., p. 82
71 ‘by means of which..., Ibid., pp. 16–17
71 ‘This faculty... does not...’, Ibid., p. 17
71 ‘divine inspiration... as in...’, Ibid., p. 17
71 ‘through syllogisms and...’, Ibid., p. 17
72 ‘None shall gain...’, Ibid., p. 19
72 ‘all the sciences...’, Goodman, Avicenna, p. 18
72 ‘asked me to comment...’, Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition, p. 94
72 ‘Then my father died...’, Ibid., pp. 29–30
72 ‘From this point...’, Afnan, pp. 64–5
72 ‘amateur of these sciences’, Ibid., p. 98
73 ‘he introduced ten new...’, Ibid., p. 71
73 ‘One of the glories...’, Ibid., p. 66
73 ‘contains the marrow...’, Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition, p. 99
73 ‘loaded with many costly...’, Afnan, p. 66
73 ‘fearing for themselves...’, Ibid., p. 67
73 ‘if you agree that ...’, Ibid., p. 68
74 ‘Aristotle’s oeuvre as a...’, Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition, p. 205
74 ‘will help remove...’, Ibid., p. 205
74 ‘I would read the Shifa...,, Afnan, p. 68
74 ‘That I go in...’, Goodman, Avicenna, p. 29
74 ‘without having any book...’, Arberry, ‘Avicenna: His Life and Times’, in Wickens, pp. 22–3
74 ‘Each day he wrote...’, Ibid. pp. 22–3
75 ‘All three are highly...’, Hughes, pp. 2–3
76 ‘because he saw that...’, Goodman, Avicenna, p. 33
76 ‘If the year were 1900...’, Urquhart, John, ‘How Islam changed medicine...’, in British Medical Journal 332 (14 January 2006), p. 120
76 ‘At court he...’, Arberry, ‘Avicenna: His Life and Times’, in Wickens, pp. 23–4
76 ‘He used to sit...’, Afnan, p. 77
76 ‘So he finished the...’, Arberry, ‘Avicenna: His Life and Times’, in Wickens, p. 24
77 ‘I then concluded...’, Ibid., pp. 54–5
77 ‘petrified in the course...’, Crombie, ‘Avicenna’s Influence on the Medieval Scientific Tradition’, in Wickens, p. 97
77 ‘that in many places...’, Ibid., p 97
78 ‘to attain salvation...’, Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition, p.112
78 ‘the leader of the wise...’, Morewedge, p. 76
78 ‘O you who are anxious...’, Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition, p. 140
78 ‘Then I thought it...’, Ibid., p. 142
78 ‘He once more attended...’, Arberry, ‘Avicenna: His Life and Times’, in Wickens, p. 26
79 ‘a quality by which...’, Crombie, ‘Avicenna’s Influence on the Medieval Scientific Tradition’, in Wickens, p. 100
79 ‘impressed force’, Ibid., p. 100
79 ‘borrowed power,’ Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science, vol. 2, p. 53
79 ‘impetus impressus’, ‘impeto’, momento’, Crombie, ‘Avicenna’s Influence on the Medieval Scientific Tradition’, in Wickens, p. 101
80 ‘I think we can agree...’, Ibid., p. 101
80 ‘among the sublimest...’, Arberry, ‘Avicenna: His Life and Times’, in Wickens, p. 26
80 ‘Out of her lofty...’, Ibid., p. 140
CHAPTER 8
82 ‘And often a latter-day...’, ‘Ahmad, DSB, vol. 9, p. 171
83 ‘good fortune or a divine...’, Sabra, DSB, vol. 6, p. 190
84 ‘doctrines whose matter...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 6, p. 190
84 ‘views on the nature...’, Sabra, The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, vol. I, p. 3
84 ‘recommencing the inquiry...’, Ibid., p. 5
84 ‘ascend in the inquiry...’, Ibid., pp. 5–6
85 ‘visual rays’, Sabra, DSB, vol. 6, p. 192
85 ‘distinct form’, Ibid., p. 193
85 ‘primary’, ‘secondary’, Ibid., p. 191
85 ‘in the form of...’, Sabra, DSB, vol. 6, p. 191
85 ‘We shall now show...’, Sabra, The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, vol. I, p. 113
85 ‘When the beholder fixes...’, Ibid., p. 229
86 ‘In the final analysis,...’, Lindberg, Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler, p. 205
87 ‘learned investigators’, ‘the ancients’, Sabra, Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, vol. II, p. xl
87 ‘thick and moist air’, Sabra, DSB, vol. 6, p. 195
88 ‘Archimedes and Anthemius and...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 6, p. 195
88 ‘certain philosophers’, Sabra, Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, vol. II, p. xli
88 ‘opacity’, Ibid., vol. II p. xli
89 ‘more truly descriptive’, Sabra, DSB, vol. 6, p. 198
89 ‘Commentary and Summary of...’, Sabra, Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, vol. II, p. xxxv
89 ‘just as objects placed ...’, Ibid., vol. II, p. xxxv
89 ‘deeper...and therefore it ...’, Ibid., vol. II, p. xxxv
90 ‘scientific intuition’, Sabra, DSB, vol. 6, p. 203
CHAPTER 9
92 ‘I have acquired a high...’, Johnson, p. 187
92 ‘My duties to...’, Ibid., p. 187
92 ‘ill for about...’, Davidson, p 73.
92 ‘I can no more...’, Ibid., p. 73
92 ‘From Moses [the prophet]...’, Frank and Leaman, p. 138
93 ‘interpretative comments on three...’, Ibid., p. 141
93 ‘because of the great...’, Roth, p. 22
93 ‘as the [Babylonian] Talmud...’, Davidson, p. 149
93 ‘in exile and wandering...’, Roth, p. 26
93 ‘laboured day and night...’, Davidson, p. 205
93 ‘assembles the entire Oral...’, Ibid., p. 208
93 ‘all the commandments that...’, Ibid., p. 232
94 ‘to the extent, ...’, Ibid., p. 246
94 ‘the celestial sphere rotates...’, Ibid., p. 235
94 ‘I guarantee that...’, Davidson, p. 429
94 ‘In my larger work,...’, Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed, pp. 5, 9
95 ‘Having acquired this knowledge...’, Ibid., p. 397
95 ‘The hearts of the people...’, Johnson, p. 193
96 ‘Life is short,...’, Davidson, p. 440
96 ‘from Galen’s words’ in ‘all ...’, Ibid., p. 444
96 ‘The indulgence in sexual...’, Maimonides, The Medical Aphorisms, vol. 2, p. 42
96 ‘The brain of a camel ...’, Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 113, 114, 119
97 ‘art of medicine’... ‘experience and reasoning...’, Davidson, p. 475
98 ‘medication... beneficial for...’, Ibid., p. 467
98 ‘electuary of Mithridates’, Ibid., p. 469
98 ‘concedes that one select...’, Ibid., p. 463
99 ‘Know, my masters, that...’, Freudenthal, p. 384 (III)
99 ‘to make his body healthy and...’, Davidson, p. 233
99 ‘Galen’s medicine is only...’, Johnson, p. 186
100 ‘second Ibn Sina’, Nasr, Islamic Science, An Illustrated Study, p. 190
100 ‘When the blood has...’, Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam, p. 213–14
101 ‘The heart has four...’, quoted by Huff, p. 177
CHAPTER 10
103 ‘I was unable to...’, Youschkevitch, DSB, vol. 7, p. 325
104 ‘One of the mathematical...’, Rashed and Vahabzadeh, p. 11
104 ‘Whoever thinks algebra is...’, Boyer, p. 265
105 ‘I have written a book...’, Youschkevitch, DSB, vol. 7, p. 325
106 ‘Ah, but my Computations,...’, Khayyam, p. 101
106 ‘One of the most...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 27
106 ‘This just balance is ...’, Hall, DSB, vol. 7, p. 340
107 ‘In design and operation...’, Al-Jazari, p. 9
108 ‘I was in his presence...’, Ibid., p. 15
108 ‘followed the method...’, Ibid., p. 17
108 ‘Above the door...’, Ibid., p. 18
109 ‘and the sound is...’, Ibid., p. 18
109 ‘This happens at the end...’, Ibid., p. 18
109 ‘I have never come...’, Ibid., p. 83
109 ‘Near its foot is ...’, Ibid., p. 83
110 ‘The wick is lit ...’, Ibid., p. 83
110 ‘A goblet that arbitrates ...’, Ibid., p. 94
110 ‘If a mere 5 dirhams ...’, Ibid., p. 94
111 ‘And so on up...’, Ibid., p. 137
111 ‘It is a fountain in a...’, Ibid., p 157
111 ‘It is an instrument ...’, Ibid., p. 170
111 ‘The ropes go over...’, Ibid., p. 182
111 ‘is beautiful to behold, ...’, Ibid., p. 182
112 ‘A lock for locking a chest...’, Ibid., p. 199
112 ‘It is interesting to observe...’, Ibid., p. 274
112 ‘If the observer forgets ...’, Ibid., p. 204
112 ‘one of the earliest manuals...’, Ibid., p. 279
112 ‘He was a master craftsman,...’, Ibid., p. 279
CHAPTER 11
113 ‘historians have acknowledged the...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 280
113 ‘When people speak of ...’, Ibid., p. 280
114 ‘It is still in ...’, Ibid., p. 40
114 ‘To cite but a ...’, Ibid., p. 30
114 ‘Although the machine is...’, Ibid., p. 40
115 ‘that it was invented...’, Hill, Islamic Science and Engineering, p. 97
115 ‘Tidal mills were in...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 53
115 ‘in every province of...’, Ibid., p. 54
115 ‘Paper mills were introduced...’, Ibid., p. 54
115 ‘the history of windmills...’, Needham, vol. 4, part 2, p. 556
115 ‘are commonly used by...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 54
115 ‘this must surely have...’, Needham, vol. 4, part 2, p. 561
116 ‘Al-Jazari’s clocks are...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 58
116 ‘...he described the construction...’, Ibid., p. 59
117 ‘To convert mercury into...’, Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam, p. 267
117 ‘vessels carrying trade sail...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 145
117 ‘wells were dug in...’, Ibid., p. 145
118 ‘On present evidence it...’, Ibid., p. 138
118 ‘In the same way...’, Ibid., p. 140
118 ‘Take equal parts of...’, Ibid., p. 149
118 ‘Soap manufacture became an...’, Ibid., p. 150
118 ‘...the secrets of Syrian ...’, Ibid., p. 153
119 ‘The geographical distribution of...’, Smith, p. 14
119 ‘an interesting anticipation of...’, Ibid., p. 33
120 ‘installed siege engines...’, Al-Hassan and Hill, p. 112
121 ‘Arabic sources report that...’, Ibid., p. 191
121 ‘factories for paper-making...’, Ibid., p. 191
121 ‘Only later did paper-making...’, Ibid., p. 191
CHAPTER 12
123 ‘the bride of al-Andalus’, Hillenbrand, ‘The Ornament of the World’, in Jayussi, The Legacy of Muslim Spain, p. 118
123 ‘in four things Cordoba’, Ibid., p. 118
126 ‘one of the books of the Christians,’ Vernet and Samso, ‘Development of Arabic Science in Andalusia’, in EHAS, vol. 1, p. 246
126 ‘Too much branching and...’, Hamarneh, DSB, vol. 14, p. 584
126 ‘Only by repeated visits,’ Ibid., p. 585
127 ‘the bringer of joy and...’, Ibid., p. 585
127 ‘applied himself...’, Vernet and Samso, ‘Development of Arabic Science in Andalusia’, in EHAS, vol. 1, p. 254
127 ‘the author of...’, Ibid., vol. 1, p. 254
127 ‘very wise... philosopher...’, Thorndike, vol. II, p. 813
127 ‘a compendium of magic,...’, Vernet, DSB, vol. 9, pp. 39–40
127 ‘confused compilation of extracts’, Thorndike, vol. II, p. 815
128 ‘The virtue of the stone...’, Dunlop, pp. 78–9
128 ‘a serious illness’, Menocal, The Ornament of the World, p. 112
128 ‘Love, may God honor you...’, Ibid., p. 112
128 ‘I have observed women’, Menocal, The Literature of Al-Andalus, p. 238
128 ‘women taught me...’, Ibid., p. 238
128 ‘first sources of all...’, Pavlin, ‘Sunni kalam and theological controversies’, Nasr and Leaman, History of Islamic Philosophy, p. 108
129 ‘the reality of things ...’, Ibid., p. 108
129 ‘In this book I...’, Hernandez, ‘Islamic Thought in the Iberian Peninsula’, in Jayussi, The Legacy of Modern Spain, p. 783
129 ‘to explain what’, Dold-Samplonius and Hermelink, DSB, vol. 7, p. 82
129 ‘There is no method...’, Ibid., DSB, vol. 7, p. 83
130 ‘which systematized trigonometry...’, R. P. Lorch, DSB, vol. 7, p. 38
130 ‘egregious calumniator of...’, R. P. Lorch, DSB, vol. 7, p. 39
131 ‘His tables Toletanes...’, Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, ‘The Franklin’s Tale’, 545–56
CHAPTER 13
134 ‘was so preoccupied with...’, Goodman, in Nasr and Leaman, History of Islamic Philosophy, p. 297
135 ‘combined the songs of...’, Monroe, ‘Zajal and Muwashshaha: Hispano-Arabic Poetry and the Romance Tradition’, in Jayussi, The Legacy of Muslim Spain, p. 412
135 ‘Wise Men of India’, Tony Levy, in Ragep, F. Jamil, and Sally P. Ragep with Steven Livesey (eds.) Tradition, Transmission, Transformation, p. 75
136 ‘long period of study...’, Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science, vol. 1, p. 10
136 ‘something new from...’, Ibid.
136 ‘better to attribute all ...’, Ibid., vol. 1, p. 26
136 ‘I do not detract...’, Ibid., vol. 1, p. 26
136 ‘the opinions of the...’, Haskins, p. 41
137 ‘this pearl of philosophy...’, Thorndike, vol. II, p. 270
139 ‘there, seeing the abundance...’, Lemay, DSB, vol. 15, p. 174
139 ‘wiser philosophers of the...’, Haskins, p. 127
142 ‘If you live among...’, Ahmad, DSB, vol. 7, p. 8
142 ‘the wonder of the world’, Kantorowicz’, p. 356
142 ‘baptised sultans’, Haskins, p. 243
143 ‘classified in order,...’, Masson, Frederich II of Hohenstaufen: A Life, London, 1957, p. 224
143 ‘We have followed Aristotle...’, Ibid., p. 216
143 ‘I have heard from...’, Ibid., p. 112
143 ‘with the new Indian...’, Vogel, DSB, vol. 4, p. 604
144 ‘How many pairs...’, Boyer, p. 287
144 ‘the late Theodore...’, Haskins, p. 247
CHAPTER 14
146 ‘By my solitary reading...’, Watt, The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazali, pp. 29–30
146 ‘We must therefore reckon...’, Ibid., p. 32
147 ‘philosophical sciences’, Ibid., p. 32
147 ‘connected with religious matters,...’, Ibid., p. 33
147 ‘The basis of all these...’, Ibid., pp. 36–7
147 ‘most of the errors...’, Ibid., p. 37
147 ‘They are unable to...’, Ibid., pp. 37–8
147 ‘By the time I...’, Ibid., pp. 43–4
147 ‘I knew that the...’, Ibid., p. 54
147 ‘Everything which God apportions...’, Campanini, in Nasr and Leaman, p. 267
149 ‘the examination of the...’, Fakhry, A History of Islamic Philosophy, p. 289
149 ‘without which the faith...’, Ibid., p. 289
150 ‘At one moment the...’, Leaman, Averroes and His Philosophy, p. 16
150 ‘Why do you deny...’, Ibid., p. 16
150 ‘In the same way...’, Ibid., p. 17
151 ‘he explained that the...’, Arnaldez, DSB, vol. 12, p. 7b
151 ‘We affirm definitely that...’, Taylor, ‘Averroes...’, in Adamson and Taylor, p. 186
152 ‘In my youth I...’, Arnaldez, DSB, vol. 12, p. 3
152 ‘As to a profound...’ Ibid., DSB, vol. 12, p. 3
152 ‘the rate at which...’, Moody, ‘Galileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment’, Journal of the History of Ideas 12, no. 3 (June 1951), p. 375
152 ‘that the effect and ...’, Ibid., p. 380
152 ‘We maintain that the...’, Lindberg, Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, p. 53
153 ‘The innermost of the coats...’, Ibid., p. 54
153 ‘What the laws existing...’, Leaman, Averroes and His Philosophy, p. 124
153 ‘the reception of forms...’, Lindberg, Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, p. 54
153 ‘And you know that...’, Ibid., p. 54
154 ‘Our society allows no scope’, Robert Hillenbrand, ‘The Ornament of the World,’ in Jayussi, The Legacy of Muslim Spain, p. 122
CHAPTER 15
155 ‘undoubtedly the greatest work...’, Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, p. viii
155 ‘The various kinds of science...’, Ibid., p. 333
155 ‘God distinguished man...’, Ibid., p. 333
155 ‘These cities have never...’, Ibid., p. 341
157 ‘But when the center of the...’, Saliba, A History of Arabic Astronomy, p. 123
158 ‘he expounds a philosophical...’, Nasr, DSB, vol. 13, p. 511
158 ‘one of the most...’, Ibid., 509
158 ‘the first in history...’, Ibid., p. 510
158 ‘one of the major...’, Ibid., p. 511
158 ‘Al Tusi’s view of medicine...’, Ibid., p. 511
159 ‘one of the learned...’, Saliba, ‘Arabic planetary theories after the eleventh century AD,’ in EHAS, vol. 1, p. 97
160 ‘All this being so,...’, Lindberg, Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, p. 241
160 ‘If there are a...’, Pingree, DSB, vol. 7, p. 217
163 ‘...al-Shirwani...attests to...’, Saliba, A History of Arabic Astronomy, pp. 45–6
CHAPTER 16
164 ‘metaphysics of light’, Crombie, Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental Science, p. 128
165 ‘multiplication of species’, Ibid., pp. 109–10
165 ‘...An optics book...’, Lorris and Meun, The Romance of the Rose, p. 183
166 ‘even though the natural...’, Lindberg, The Beginnings of Western Science, p. 232
166 ‘in spite of the...’, Minio-Paluello, DSB, vol. 9, p. 435
167 ‘in the things of...’, Thorndike, vol. II, p. 144
167 ‘Every multiplication is either...’, Ibid., vol. II, p. 144
167 ‘cars can be made...’, Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science, vol. 1, p. 55
169 ‘It would be futile ...’, Crombie, Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of European Science, p. 216
169 ‘of corporeal influences sensible...’, Ibid., p. 214
169 ‘there is something wonderful...’, Minio-Paluello, DSB, vol. 9, p. 435
169 ‘that a globe of...’, Wallace, DSB, vol. 4, p. 93
171 ‘the rebirth of trigonometry’, Boyer, p. 308
CHAPTER 17
172 ‘this remote corner of...’, Copernicus, Preface, p. 5
173 ‘a manuscript of six...’, Gassendi, p. 140
173 ‘to the meridian of...’, Rosen, DSB, vol. 3, 402
173 ‘the apparent motion of...’, Rosen, Commentariolus, in Three Copernican Treatises, p. 57
173 ‘unable to account for...’, Ibid., p. 57
173 ‘eccentrics and epicycles, ...’, Ibid., p. 57
173 ‘in which everything would...’, Ibid., pp. 57–8
173 ‘this very difficult and ...’, Ibid., p. 58
173 ‘fewer and much simpler...’, Ibid., p. 58
174 ‘imperceptible in comparison to...’, Ibid., p. 58
174 ‘the apparent retrograde and...’, Ibid., p. 59
174 ‘the motion of the...’, Ibid, p. 58
174 ‘The celestial spheres are...’, Ibid., pp. 59–60
174 ‘Then Mercury runs on...’, Ibid., p. 90
174 ‘my teacher’, Rosen, Narratio Prima, in Three Copernican Treatises, p. 109
175 ‘by having the sun...’, Ibid., pp. 135–36
176 ‘He had lost his...’, Armitage, Sun Stand Thou Still, p. 127
176 ‘The sun stood still...’, Joshua X, 12–14
176 ‘People give ear to...’, Kuhn, p. 191
176 ‘I can reckon easily...’, Copernicus, p. 2
177 ‘I myself think that...’, Ibid., pp. 19–20
177 ‘In the center of...’, Ibid., pp. 25–6
178 ‘assuming that the heavens...’, Thomas W. Africa, ‘Copernicus’ Relation to Aristarchus and Pythagoras’, Isis, vol. 52, No. 3 (Sept. 1961), p. 406
178 ‘spins and turns, which...’, Ibid., p. 406
179 ‘the distance from the...’, Rosen, Commentariolus, in Three Copernican Treatises, p. 90
179 ‘How exceedingly fine...’, Copernicus, p. 27
179 ‘In essence, these astronomers...’, Ragep, ‘Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks’, Filizofski vestnik, XXV, No. 2 (2004), p. 128
180 ‘The planetary models for...’, Ibid., p. 130
180 ‘How Copernicus learned of ...’, Ibid., p. 130
180 ‘All that someone ...’, Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance, p. 193
CHAPTER 18
189 ‘Copernicus...affirmeth...’, Kuhn, p. 186
183 ‘a still unexhausted treasure...’, Caspar, p. 64
184 ‘Have faith, Galilii...’, Koestler, p. 364
184 ‘although he knew...’, Ferguson, p. 284
185 ‘Medicean Stars’, Galileo, The Starry Messenger, in Discoveries and Opinions of Galileio, translated by Stillman Drake, p. 21
186 ‘necessary for the contemplation...’, Caspar, p. 296
188 ‘foolish and absurd...’, Armitage, Copernicus and Modern Astronomy, p. 189
188 ‘it would still be ...’, Galileo, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican, p. 464
188 ‘Your Galileo has ventured...’, De Santillana, p. 191
188 ‘had altogether given rise...’, Koestler, p. 503
189 ‘All this was in...’, Westfall, p. 143
190 ‘rays which make blue...’, Ibid., p. 160
190 ‘extremely well pleased to...’, Manuel, p. 144
191 ‘What Descartes did was...’, Westfall, p. 274
191 ‘what he thought the...’, Ibid., p. 403
192 ‘Law 1: Every body perseveres...’, Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, pp. 416–17
192 ‘corrected by the author’s...’, Newton, Opticks, p. lxxvii
192 ‘My design in this...’, Ibid., p. 1
193 ‘the oldest and most...’, Ibid., p. 369
193 ‘Light is propagated...’, Ibid., p. 277
193 ‘He lived honoured by...’, Voltaire, p. 69
CHAPTER 19
194 ‘By standing on the...’, Westfall, p. 274
195 ‘passing through the nine...’, Sayılı, The Observatory in Islam, p. 290
195 ‘The King of Kings...’, Ibid., p. 293
195 ‘Seeing that very important...’, Ibid., p. 360
196 ‘After examining the work...’ Ihsanoğlu, ‘Introduction of Western Science to the Ottoman World...’, in Transfer of Modern Science to the Muslim World, p. 67
196 ‘absorption of Arabic knowledge...’, Dampier, p. 82
197 ‘some of the most...’, Huff, p. 208
197 ‘The problem was not ...’, Ibid., p. 212
197 ‘Islamic law does not...’, Ibid., p. 79
198 ‘The prevalence of a general ...’, Sayılı, The Observatory in Islam..., p. 84
198 ‘that what we see ...’, Sabra, ‘The Appropriation and Subsequent Naturalization of Greek Science in Medieval Islam: A Preliminary Statement’, in TTT, pp. 3–19
198 ‘three-stage development...’, Ibid., p. 19
198 ‘The acquisition of ancient,...’, Ibid., p. 19
198 ‘of a large number...’, Ibid., p. 19
198 ‘The carriers of scientific...’, Ibid., p. 20
198 ‘I do not possess...’, Ibid., p. 22
198 ‘the knowledge man has ...’, Ibid., p. 22
198 ‘not only that religious ...’, Ibid., p. 23
199 ‘The doctrines of natural...’, Ibid. p. 23
199 ‘is not intended...’, Ibid., p. 24
199 ‘it should be noted...’, Ibid., p. 25
199 ‘easily understandable why...’, Goldhizer, p. 190
199 ‘Allegorical interpretations ought...’, Huff, p. 223
200 ‘Let it be known...’, Ihsanoğlu, ‘Introduction of Western Science to the Ottoman World...’, in Transfer of Modern Science to the Muslim World, p. 67
202 ‘scientific thought is the common...’, Lundquist, p. 513