We wish to thank Jon Woronoff, the series editor, for asking us to undertake this dictionary, for providing guidance throughout the writing and production, and for reviewing the entire manuscript and offering valuable comments. We would also like to thank Dr. Robert Sutter for allowing us to use his Appendix B from Historical Dictionary of United States–China Relations. John Van Sant thanks the University of Alabama–Birmingham and his colleagues in the Department of History for their continuous support for his teaching and research. Peter Mauch dedicates this dictionary to his parents, Russell and Norma Mauch, his wife, Tomoko, and his children, Joseph and Kyoko Mauch. Yoneyuki Sugita extends his gratitude to John McGlynn and John Garside for their valuable research and editorial assistance. He would never have completed this work without the warm and supportive family environment provided by his wife, Shoko, and our three children (Gakuto, Natsuki, and Kanato). Kudos to them!