Part 1: Learning to Teach
1. Joan Middendorf and Alan Kalish, “The ‘Change-Up’ in Lectures,” National Teaching & Learning Forum 5, no. 2 (1996).
2. Margaret Gallagher and P. David Pearson, Discussion, Comprehension, and Knowledge Acquisition in Content Area Classrooms, Technical Report No. 480, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, 1989.
3. Benjamin Bloom, “Learning for Mastery,” Evaluation Comment 1, no. 2 (1968); James Block, Mastery Learning: Theory and Practice (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971).
4. T. Guskey and S. Gates, “Synthesis of Research on the Effects of Mastery Learning in Elementary and Secondary Classrooms,” Educational Leadership 43, no. 8 (1986).
5. D. Levine, Improving Student Achievement Through Mastery Learning Programs (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985).
6. D. Davis and J. Sorrell, “Mastery Learning in Public Schools,” Educational Psychology Interactive (Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University, December 1995).
7. Guskey and Gates, “Synthesis of Research.”
8. Davis and Sorrell, “Mastery Learning in Public Schools.”
Part 2: The Broken Model
1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17616757.
2. Albert J. Harno, Legal Education in the United States: A Report Prepared for the Survey of the Legal Profession (San Francisco: Bancroft-Whitney, 1953), 86.
3. “High literacy rates in America… exceeded 90 per cent in some regions by 1800”: Hannah Barker and Simon Burrows, eds., Press, Politics, and the Public Sphere in Europe and North America, 1760–1820 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 141; for lower rates in Europe, see 9.
4. John Taylor Gatto, “Against School: How Public Education Cripples Our Kids, and Why,” Harper’s, September 2003.
5. Sharon Otterman, “In $32 Million Contract, State Lays Out Some Rules for Its Standardized Tests,” New York Times, August 12, 2011.
6. Winnie Hu, “New Recruit in Homework Revolt: The Principal,” New York Times, June 15, 2011.
7. “Do You Have Too Much Homework?” moderated by Holly Epstein Ojalvo, “The Learning Network,” New York Times, June 16, 2001.
8. Stephen Aloia, “Teacher Assessment of Homework,” Academic Exchange Quarterly (Fall 2003).
9. National Center for Education Statistics, “Education Indicators: An International Perspective,” http://nces.ed.gov/pubs/eiip/eiipid25.asp.
10. Harris Cooper et al., “Does Homework Improve Academic Achievement? A Synthesis of Research, 1987–2003,” Review of Educational Research 76, no. 1 (Spring 2006).
11. Sandra L. Hofferth and John F. Sandberg, “How American Children Spend Their Time,” Journal of Marriage and Family 63, no. 2 (May 2001).
12. Jenny Anderson, “Push for A’s at Private Schools Is Keeping Costly Tutors Busy,” New York Times, June 7, 2011.
13. Cathy Davidson, “iPads in the Public Schools,” Duke Today, January 26, 2011, http://today.duke.edu/2011/01/ipads.html.
Part 3: Into the Real World
1. “Learning Styles Debunked: There Is No Evidence Supporting Auditory and Visual Learning, Psychologists Say,” press release, Association for Psychological Science, December 16, 2009, http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/learning-styles-debunked-there-is-no-evidence-supporting-auditory-and-visual-learning-psychologists-say.html#hide.
2. Royal Society, Brain Waves Module 2: Neuroscience: Implications for Education and Lifelong Learning, Policy document 02/11, February 2011.
3. Marcia L. Conner, “How Adults Learn,” http://agelesslearner.com/intros/adultlearning.
4. Malcolm Knowles, The Adult Learner, 5th ed. (Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998 [originally published 1973]).
Part 4: The One World Schoolhouse
1. Virginia Heffernan, “Education Needs a Digital-Age Upgrade,” New York Times, August 7, 2011.
2. “Teachers Skipping Work,” World Bank, South Asia, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,, contentMDK:20848416~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html.
3. http://gradeinflation.com/stanford.html.
4. “What Do You Do for Fun? (Extended),” Bloomberg Businessweek, May 24, 2004, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_21/b3884138_mz070.htm.