Index

AccuVein, 58–59

additive manufacturing, 109–125. See also 3-D printing

Adidas, 117, 121

advertising, 44

AdWords, 46

aerosol jetting, 118

Aetrex Worldwide, 113

after-sales service, augmented reality and, 66

agricultural industry, 78, 80, 86, 137, 160

AI. See artificial intelligence

Aida, 135–136

Airbnb, 158, 169

Alexa, 39, 40, 44, 45, 46, 130

algorithm avoidance, 146–148

algorithms

as black boxes, 31–32

computational, 96

data inputs for, 35–36

for decision making, 107

goals for, 32–33

humanizing, 30

limitations of, 30–32, 36–37

literalness of, 30–31

machine learning, 129–130

management of, 29–38

minimizing myopia of, 34–35

pattern detection, 6–7

people and, 27–28

of platforms, 45–46, 48–49

predictions made by, 29–31, 36–37

trusting, 146–148

use of, 23–27, 29–30, 37–38

Alibaba, 155, 156, 160, 168

Alphabet, 155, 161, 168

Amazon, 40, 46, 54, 99, 106, 130, 155, 160, 166, 168

Amelia avatar, 8

analytics, 6–7, 11, 17, 84–85

Anderson, Chris, 77–93

Android, 155, 160, 169

Android Auto, 162, 163

Ant Financial, 156, 159

Anthem, 13, 15–16

anthropomorphism, 149, 151

apparel retailers, 19–28

Apple, 40, 72, 130, 131, 155, 160, 161, 166, 167, 168

Apple CarPlay, 162, 163

AR. See augmented reality

ARPAnet, 98, 102

artificial intelligence (AI)

assistants, 39–48, 50, 129–130, 135–136

bottlenecks, 10

business benefits of, 4

challenges of, 5

for cognitive engagement, 7–9

for cognitive insights, 6–7

future of, 16–17

human collaboration with, 127–143

hype of, 2

platforms, 39–52

for process automation, 2–5

robots, 3, 73, 80, 83, 136, 145–153

role in collaborative intelligence, 131, 135–136

scaling challenges, 10–11

scaling-up process, 15–16

steps for integrating, 9–16

survey of executives on, 1–2, 4, 5

training of, 129–130

types of, 2–9

understanding the technologies of, 9–10

See also artificial intelligence

collaborative intelligence, 127–143

AI role in, 131, 135–136

humans’ role in, 129–131

interaction and, 135–136

new roles and talent needed for, 142–143

performance enhancement and, 132–134

reimaging business for, 136–142

value of, 127–128

collective action, 167–168

Colson, Eric, 24–25

Comcast, 157

commercial drones, 78–83, 86–87, 88

Common Voice project, 167

communication

human-machine, 135–136

stakeholder, 69

competition, 67–69, 121–124, 156, 157, 169

competitive advantage, 164–165

competitive bottlenecks, 155–156

computational logic, 96

computer-aided design (CAD), 63–64, 71

computer algorithms. See algorithms

connected-car ecosystem, 162

connected devices, 84–86

connectivity, 84, 159–160, 161

construction industry, use of drones in, 77, 80–81

consumer data, 44, 50

consumers, direct contact with, 44

content-publishing model, 72

continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), 110, 118

contracts

blockchain and, 95–96

smart, 105–106, 107

Cortana, 41, 129–130, 135–136

cost reduction, augmented reality and, 68

Cosyflex, 120

creativity, 135

cryptocurrencies, 104, 106

customer acquisition, 44–46

customer retention, 47–48

customers

engagement with cognitive agents by, 7–9

interaction with, 135–136

personalization for, 141–142

customer satisfaction, 46–47

customer service, 135–136

cybersecurity, 168

CytroPac, 59

Daimler, 115, 163

Danske Bank, 139

Darling, Kate, 145

data

aggregation, 168

amount of, 36

analysis, 84–85

consumer, 44, 50

diversity of, 36

from drones, 78, 79, 82, 84, 86

privacy, 50, 131

storage and delivery of, 54–55

use of, 53

data analysis, 6–7, 11, 17

data compliance officers, 131

data inputs, for algorithms, 35–36

data science, 20, 23–27

Daugherty, Paul R., 127–143

D’Aveni, Richard A., 109–125

Davenport, Thomas H., 1–17

Dawar, Niraj, 39–52

decision making

algorithm-driven, 107, 146–148

collaborative intelligence and, 135, 140–141

human, 57, 146–148

decreasing returns to scale, 164–165

deep learning, 6–7, 9, 12. See also artificial intelligence

delivery, by drones, 78–79

Deloitte, 7

Deutsche Telekom, 166

DHL, 65, 66, 67

digital domino effect, 158–160

digital economy, 167–168

digital information, 54–56

digital networks, 158–160

digital revolution, 73

digital twins, 75, 141

digitization, 156, 157, 158–160

disruptive technology, 97

distributed computer networking, 97–99

distributed database, 96

distributed ledgers, 103–104

distribution chains, 123

Dreamcatcher, 135

driverless cars, 84, 131, 148–149, 161, 163, 165

driving, 57

drones, 77–93

apps for, 82, 84

autonomous, 79–80, 82–83, 88, 89, 90

business applications of, 78–81, 86–87, 91, 93

commercial, 78–83, 86–87, 88

cost savings from, 92

evolution of, 93

growth of, 81–83, 88–90

pilots for, 89

regulations on, 91

software, 88

types of, 90

upgrades for, 85

uses of, 77–78, 82–86

eBay, 37, 99

Echo, 40, 85

e-commerce, 21, 45, 65, 160

economic dislocation, 158

economy

digital, 167–168

drone, 77–93

global, 155, 156

hub, 155–170

electronics-embedding technologies, 110

e-mail, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103

employees

decision making by, 140–141

engagement with cognitive agents by, 7–9

fusion skills needed by, 142–143

interaction with, 135

engagement, 7–9

enterprise software, 86–87

entropic devices, 85

ergonomics, 62

ethics, 131, 168–169

evidence-based industries, 130

exoskeletons, 136

exotropic devices, 85

Expedia, 99

expert systems, 9

explainers, 130

Facebook, 8, 50, 54, 155, 157, 158, 160, 166

“fake news,” 158

fashion retail industry, 19–28

Fasten, 166

Fidelity Investments, 103

financial services, 103–106, 108, 156, 159, 160

Firefox, 167

firms, hub, 155–170

First Data, 107

FitStation, 114

flexibility, 138–139

Ford, 62

foundational technology, 97, 101–102

fraud detection, 139

Frick, Walter, 145–153

fusion skills, 142–143

Gap advertising campaign, 34–35

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 130

General Electric (GE), 6, 54, 70, 112, 121, 124, 141, 166

General Motors (GM), 163

generative design, 120

global economy, 155, 156

GNS Healthcare, 137

goals, soft, 32–33

Google, 32, 35, 40, 46, 50, 72, 99, 116, 155–157, 160, 166, 168–169

Google Assistant, 40

Google Maps, 77, 80

government regulations, 169

GPS navigation, 55

head-mounted displays, 54

“heads-up” displays, 54, 55, 62–63, 72

help desk support, 8

Heppelmann, James E., 53–76

Hershey, 121–122

Hewlett-Packard, 167

hiring process, 140

HomePod, 40

HP Inc., 114

HSBC, 139

hub economy, 155–170

humanoid robots, 148–153

human resources, 66–67, 140

humans

collaboration between AI and, 127–143

decision making by, 57

as explainers, 130

judgments by, 146–148

role of, 27–28, 73

strengths of, 73, 76

as sustainers, 131

Hyundai, 136

Iansiti, Marco, 95–108, 155–170

IBM, 11, 167

Iconics, 64

IKEA, 65, 70

income inequality, 156, 157

Industry 4.0, 125

information

digital, 54–56

personal, 50, 131

processing, 57

inkjet screen printing, 119

innovation, 26–27, 101–106

Inrix, 163

instruction, using augmented reality, 59–60, 66, 70

intelligent agents, 7–9, 12

intelligent assistants, 39–48, 50, 129–130, 135–136

intermediaries, 95–96, 100–101, 105

internet, 86, 98, 99

internet of things, 85, 166. See also smart, connected products

invisible problems, 137

iOS, 160

iPhone jailbreaking, 167

Iris, 149

Java, 99

job losses, 5, 17, 73, 127

JPMorgan, 103

Kiva, 169

Kleinberg, Jon, 29–38

known knowns, 137

known unknowns, 137

Koko, 130

KPN, 66

Lake, Katrina, 19–28

Lakhani, Karim R., 95–108, 155–170

Lee Company, 60

Linux, 167, 169

localized applications, 103–104, 106

logistics, augmented reality and, 64–65

Luca, Michael, 29–38

lumens, 104–105

Lyft, 163, 166

machine learning, 6–7, 9, 11, 73, 129–130, 142. See also artificial intelligence

manufacturing

additive, 109–125 (see also 3-D printing)

augmented reality and, 64

car, 120, 138–139, 156, 160–165

pan-industrial, 124–125

market exploration, 123–124

marketing

augmented reality and, 65

platform, 39–52

pull, 50

push, 50

market leaders, 122–123

mass complexity, 117, 120

mass customization, 113–114

mass modularization, 116–117

mass segmentation, 114–116, 124

mass standardization, 120–121

mass variety, 114

Mayo Clinic, 54

MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1

Mechanical Turk, 147–148

Mercedes-Benz, 138–139

Metcalfe’s law, 159

Microsoft, 41, 72, 106, 155, 160, 165–166, 169

Microsoft Azure, 166

mobile devices, 54

Moduware, 116

money laundering, 107

Moore’s law, 158–159

motion capture, 77

Mozilla, 167

Mullainathan, Sendhil, 29–38

multihoming, 166–167

multijet fusion, 118

music industry, 160

myopia, 34–35

nano-particle ink jetting, 118

Napster, 99

NASA, 4–5

Nasdaq, 103

Navteq, 163

Netflix, 21, 25, 29, 36–37, 160

Netscape, 99

network competition, 157–160

network leadership, 168–169

network theory, 158–160

new markets, 123–124

Newport News Shipbuilding, 58

New York Stock Exchange, 103

novel applications, 99, 105–106

objectives, for algorithms, 32–33

Ocean Medallion, 142

Oculus, 166

OLED (organic light-emitting diode) displays, 110, 120

OpenCar, 162, 163

open source, 167

OpenStreetMap, 167

outsourcing, 5, 17, 68–69

Pandora, 141–142

pan-industrial manufacturing, 124–125

peer-to-peer networks, 96, 99, 100

Personal Advisor Services (PAS), 13–15

personal information, 50, 131

personalization, 141–142

Pfizer, 11

physical environment, augmented reality and, 71

pilot projects, 12–15

platforms

accuracy of, 48–49

AI, 39–52

algorithms of, 43, 45–46, 48–49

alignment by, 49–50

brands and, 44, 45, 50, 51

imperatives for, 48–50

marketing on, 42–45

privacy and, 50

purchase decisions and, 45–48, 51

shakeout of, 43

trust and, 49–50

value creation by, 49

Pleos, 145

Pokémon Go, 54

Porter, Michael E., 53–76

Predix, 141, 166

Priceline, 99

privacy

AI and, 131

concerns about, 168

platforms and, 50

process automation, 2–5, 9, 12

product demonstrations, 65

product development, 63–64, 71, 135

product differentiation, 67–68

productivity, 73, 127, 137, 152–153

product placement, 45–46, 50

product recommendations, 46–48, 51

project portfolios, 10–12

projects

pilot, 12–15

scaling up, 15–16

proof-of-concept pilots, 12–15

protectionism, 123

pseudonymity, 96

public identity systems, 107

pull marketing, 50

purchase decisions, 45–48, 51

push marketing, 50

RaceWare Direct, 115

racial discrimination, 158, 169

reality capture, 77

Reality Editor, 60–61

records

blockchain and, 95–96, 100

irreversibility of, 96

recruitment, 140

“registered” AR experience, 71

retention, 47–48

returns to scale, 156, 164–166

robotic process automation (RPA), 2–5, 9, 12

robotics, cloud, 83–86

robots, 3, 73, 80, 83, 136, 145–153

Ronanki, Rajeev, 1–17

routine purchases, 41–42, 46–47

Rumsfeld, Donald, 137

safety engineers, 131

sales, augmented reality and, 65

Samsung, 40–41, 166

scale, 139–140, 156, 164–166

SEBank, 8, 135–136, 138

self-driving cars, 131, 148–149, 161, 163, 165

service centers, 135–136

Shapeways, 114

shopping decisions, 41–42, 45, 46–47

showrooms, 65

single-pass jetting, 119

single-use applications, 103, 106

Siri, 41, 130

Skype, 99

smart, connected products (SCPs), 53, 66, 67, 70, 71, 73. See also internet of things

smart assistants, 39–48, 50, 129–130, 135–136

smart contracts, 105–106, 107

smart glasses, 54, 60, 63, 64, 66, 72

smart homes, 166

smartphones, 81, 83, 113–114, 116, 160

Snackbot, 149, 151

Snapchat, 54

social concerns, 169

social dislocation, 158

social media, 29–30

social networks, 101, 168

soft goals, 32–33

software

additive technology, 117, 120

augmented reality, 72

drone, 88

enterprise, 86–87

open-source, 167

SOLS Systems, 113

Sonos, 167

speed, 139

Spotify, 160

stakeholder communication, 69

Standard Chartered, 103

Stellar, 104–105

Stitch Fix, 19–28

stock transactions, 100–101

strategy, augmented reality and, 67–69

substitution applications, 104–105, 107

Sumitomo, 112

supply chains, 123

sustainers, 131

Tamicare, 120

TCP/IP, 97, 98–100, 102, 103, 108

technology

adoption, 97–99, 101–106

augmented reality, 53–76

blockchain, 95–108

cognitive, 1–17

disruptive, 97

drone, 77–93

foundational, 97, 101–102

productivity and, 73

3-D printing, 109–125