INTRODUCTION
1 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 5, 1916, p. 15.
2 Chicago Examiner, July 5, 1916, p. 13.
3 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 66–67.
CHAPTER ONE: “SHOELESS JOE”
1 James Samuel Jackson’s year of birth was either 1805 or 1813, depending on the source. If he was born in 1813, he would’ve been fifty-one in 1864; the year the Confederate conscription age was raised to fifty, and still would’ve avoided service. If he was born in 1805, he would’ve been fifty-six in 1861, at the start of the war. See 1860 and 1870 U.S. Federal Censuses, ancestry.com.
2 Martha was a first generation American-born citizen as well, and her father was also from England.
3 Durham Sun, May 3, 1913, p. 3.
4 Jackson’s World War I Draft Registration and Certificate of Death are available at ancestry.com. The invaluable resource Baseball-Reference.com cites 1887 as his birth year.
5 New York Herald, August 11, 1912, p. 7.
6 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 16, 1912, p. 9.
7 Growing Up with Shoeless Joe by Joe Thompson, 1998, The R. L. Bryan Company, p. 6.
8 Jackson’s exact quotes were: “There’s eleven regular players on our team. Father, mother, six brothers, two sisters, and little ‘Joe.’” New York Herald, August 11, 1912, p. 7. Joe confirmed having “six other brothers,” in another article. San Francisco Chronicle, August 25, 1912, p. 7.
9 Milwaukee Evening Sentinel, January 29, 1924, p. 1.
10 According to one source, the other brother may have been “Earl Jackson.”
11 Columbia State, July 8, 1901. The mill was at 25 Draper Street.
12 South Carolina was known for its lax child labor laws.
13 George’s illiteracy was confirmed by the 1910 U.S. Federal Census, where it is indicated that he could neither read nor write. Martha and the other children could read, according to the census, but Martha, Lula, and Dave could not write.
14 Atlanta Constitution, September 26, 1917, p. 14.
15 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 53–67. Also see Greenville City Directories, 1907, 1910.
16 Joe reportedly started playing baseball at nine years of age. Washington Herald, March 26, 1917, p. 9.
17 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 53–67.
18 Baseball Magazine, September 1917, p. 492.
19 San Francisco Chronicle, August 25, 1912, p. 7.
20 Pittsburgh Daily Post, May 25, 1913, p. 44.
21 Ibid.
22 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 28, 1912, p. 10.
23 Greenville News, January 28, 1938, p. 17.
24 U.S. Census records, ancestry.com.
25 Charleston News and Courier, February 13, 1913, p. 7.
26 Martin passed away in 1915 and Ferguson in 1916; neither would see Jackson’s ultimate fate in MLB.
27 According to one source, W. R. Moseley managed the Victor Mills squad, while others claimed it was Garvin Suttles.
28 Charlotte Observer, March 2, 1911, p. 2. Additional Stouch quotes about signing Jackson. The Sporting News, April 15, 1909, p. 4. Quotes by Laval about meeting Jackson. Greenwood Index-Journal, December 27, 1939, p. 8.
29 Greenville Daily News, April 17, 1908, p. 2.
30 Greenville Daily News, April 29, 1908, p. 2.
31 Greenville Daily News, April 26, 1908, p. 2.
32 Greenville Daily News, May 1, 1908, p. 2.
33 Greenville Daily News, May 22, 1908, p. 2.
34 Washington Post, December 29, 1912, p. 3. Jackson explained it again in 1932, and said he was pitching on this specific occasion. Franklin News-Herald, March 10, 1932, p. 8.
35 Greenville Daily News, June 5–6, 1908.
36 Greenville Daily News, July 10, 1908, p. 2.
37 Greenville Daily News, July 21, 1908, p. 2.
38 Memphis wouldn’t agree to pay $300 for Jackson. Delaware County Daily Times, February 28, 1913, p. 3.
39 Charlotte Observer, March 24, 1912, p. 8, Anaconda Standard, July 27, 1913, p. 28, Greenville Daily News, May 22, 1908, p. 2, Sporting Life, July 25 and August 1, 1908.
40 Greenville Daily News, August 15, 1908, p. 2.
41 Greenville Daily News, August 13, 1908, p. 1. Greenville later dropped its protest and Greensboro was awarded the Carolina Association pennant. Greenville Daily News, August 19, 1908, p. 2.
42 Greenville Daily News, August 23, 1908, p. 2.
43 Philadelphia Inquirer, August 26, 1908, p. 11.
44 Greenville Daily News, August 29, 1908, p. 2.
45 One report claimed first baseman Harry Davis went to Greenville to get Jackson back. Pittsburgh Press, July 7, 1916, p. 29.
46 New York Herald, August 11, 1912, p. 7.
47 Charlotte News, June 1, 1912, p. 6.
48 Greenville Daily News, September 22, 1908, p. 2.
49 Greensboro Record, January 4, 1909, p. 5.
50 Western Sentinel, May 11, 1909, p. 2.
51 Savannah Morning News, June 11, 1909, p. 8.
52 Savannah Morning News, September 2, 1909, p. 8.
53 Savannah Morning News, May 13, 1909, p. 8.
54 Macon Telegraph, June 11, 1909, p. 6 and Savannah Morning News, June 11, 1909, p. 8.
55 Chattanooga won the first half of the 1909 season. South Atlantic League, 1904–1963: A Year-by-Year Statistical History by Marshall D. Wright, 2009, McFarland, p. 29–34.
56 Columbus Daily Enquirer, July 17, 1909, p. 6.
57 Jackson went 2-for-5 in his last Sally League performance. Macon Telegraph, September 1, 1909, p. 6.
58 Savannah Morning News, September 2, 1909, p. 8.
59 Philadelphia Inquirer, September 8, 1909, p. 10.
60 Jackson went 3-for-17 for Philadelphia in 1909 for a batting average of .176.
61 Columbia State, November 23, 1909, p. 12.
62 Philadelphia Inquirer, March 1 and March 3, 1910.
63 Charlotte Observer, March 7, 1910, p. 2.
64 Atlanta Georgian and News, February 2, 1911, p. 10. It was reported that Mack obtained waivers on Jackson. New Orleans Item, March 15, 1910, p. 12.
65 New Orleans Times-Picayune, March 10, 1910, p. 12.
66 New Orleans Item, April 9, 1910, p. 6.
67 Charleston Evening Post, June 13, 1910, p. 3.
68 New Orleans Item, July 9, 1910, p. 6.
CHAPTER TWO: BOUND FOR THE BIG SHOW
1 The Sporting News, June 16, 1910, p. 2.
2 The attendance for the Naps that season was 293,456, which was the sixth lowest (out of eight) in the league, and the team’s lowest since 1904 (264,749).
3 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 21, 1910, p. 9. The reconstructed stadium, known as League Park II, opened on April 21, 1910, and the Naps were defeated by Detroit, 5–0.
4 Somers reportedly loaned Charles A. Comiskey money in Chicago, while, at the same time, investing and becoming a stockholder in the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Americans, and Cleveland Blues. The Sporting News, January 7, 1915, p. 1. The inflation calculator used had a starting year of 1913, and it can be assumed that the real inflation amount for 1900–01 to 2015 is well over $18 million. www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm.
5 Atlanta Georgian and News, February 2, 1911, p. 10.
6 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 24, 1910, p. 15. Infielder Morrie Rath played six total seasons in the major leagues for Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago White Sox, and Cincinnati Reds. He was a member of the Reds 1919 World Series championship club and ended his career with a lifetime .254 batting average.
7 Cleveland Naps Vice President Ernest Barnard went to Philadelphia to negotiate the terms of the deal with Connie Mack shortly before the Lord-Rath deal was announced. Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 31, 1910, p. 15. A New Orleans reporter claimed that the purchase price for Jackson was around $5,000 and noted that it was “not an out-and-out cash trade.” New Orleans Item, August 5, 1910, p. 10.
8 Bris Lord reported to Philadelphia immediately and played in 70 games, batting .280.
9 New Orleans Times-Picayune, August 1, 1910, p. 12. Carlton Molesworth, player-manager of the Birmingham Barons, was the only other player in the Southern League with 100 or more hits at the time (108).
10 New Orleans Item, August 30, 1910, p. 8.
11 New Orleans Item, August 11, 1910, p. 11.
12 New Orleans Item, August 16, 1910, p. 8.
13 New Orleans Times-Picayune, August 21, 1910, p. 8.
14 New Orleans Item, August 28, 1910, p. 17.
15 New Orleans Item and New Orleans Times-Picayune, August 31, 1910.
16 New Orleans Item, September 4, 1910, p. 21.
17 New Orleans Item, September 11, 1910, p. 6.
18 The watch fob was awarded to fifteen members of the New Orleans club. It featured a bird-eye diamond and was made of solid gold, hand-crafted by Hausman and Sons. New Orleans Item, September 12, 1910, p. 8.
19 Of the eight American League teams, the Cleveland Naps had the second-oldest team with an average age of 28.875. Only the St. Louis Browns were older, with an average age of 29.375.
20 New Orleans Item, August 2, 1910, p. 9.
21 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 27, 1910, p. 8.
22 The Sporting News, December 21, 1911, p. 2.
23 New Orleans Item, September 11, 1910, p. 6.
24 New Orleans Times-Picayune, September 5, 1910, p. 10.
25 New Orleans Item, August 24, 1910, p. 9.
26 Cincinnati Post, October 4, 1910, p. 3.
27 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 13, 1910, p. 10.
28 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 16, 1910, p. 7.
29 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 17, 1910, p. 8.
30 Ibid.
31 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 18, 1910, p. 21.
32 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 20, 1910, p. 8.
33 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 25, 1910, p. 20.
34 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 2, 1910, p. 1C.
35 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 6, 1910, p. 10.
36 Washington sportswriter J. Ed. Grillo commented that Cobb and Lajoie were lucky that Jackson entered the league late in the season because had he been there from the beginning, he most likely would have been in the thick of the fight for league batting honors. Washington Evening Star, October 2, 1910.
37 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 9, 1910, p. 18.
38 Henry P. Edwards called the mistakes in the outfield by Jackson and Jack Graney, “awful baseball.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 12, 1910, p. 8.
39 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 19, 1910, p. 11.
40 Anaconda Standard, March 28, 1911, p. 2. A report cited that Mack had planned to use Jackson in his outfield in 1911, but sacrificed him for a more experienced player to better his chances for the championship in 1910. Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 20, 1910, p. 2C.
41 Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, November 28, 1910, p. 12.
42 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, March 31, 1911, p. 25.
43 Anaconda Standard, March 28, 1911, p. 2.
44 Charlotte News, April 1, 1911, p. 6.
45 Lincoln Daily News, January 28, 1911, p. 6.
46 Washington Herald, February 15, 1911, p. 10.
47 Atlanta Constitution, January 29, 1911, p. 3.
48 Winnipeg Tribune, March 24, 1911, p. 6.
49 The Sporting News, June 11, 1952, p. 6.
50 Philadelphia Inquirer, November 6, 1910, p. 3.
51 Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 16, 1910, p. 8.
52 Philadelphia Inquirer, April 11, 1911, p. 10.
53 Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 20, 1910, p. 2C.
54 Ibid.
55 Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 29, 1910, p. 8.
56 Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 24, 1911, p. 10.
57 Winnipeg Tribune, April 1, 1911, p. 19.
58 Western Sentinel, April 18, 1911, p. 8.
59 New Orleans Item, March 6, 1911, p. 11.
60 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 7, 1911, p. 8.
61 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 12, 1911, p. 6C.
62 Nap Lajoie’s bats were also destroyed in the fire, and he too, had to send a bat to Louisville so that the exact specs could be duplicated. Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 24, 1911, p. 10. The J. F. Hillerich & Son fire occurred on December 17, 1910.
63 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 15, 1911, p. 14 and Cincinnati Post, April 17, 1911, p. 6.
64 New York Times, April 18, 1911, p. 9.
65 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 18, 1911, p. 13.
66 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 25, 1911, p. 8.
67 The Sporting News, April 27, 1911, p. 6.
68 New Orleans Item, March 26, 1911, p. 18 and Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 26, 1911, p. 16.
69 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 7, 1911, p. 8.
CHAPTER THREE: “THAT GUY AIN’T HUMAN”
1 Colorado Springs Gazette, April 2, 1911, p. 18.
2 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 13, 1911, p. 13.
3 By May 4, he’d only gone hitless in two games. Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 5, 1911, p. 12.
4 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 21, 1911, p. 11.
5 Jackson’s blast topped the previous League Park distance mark set by Sam Crawford of the Detroit Tigers. Crawford’s hit of July 1, 1910, went a total of 350 feet. Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 22, 1911, p. 9–10. Additional details were offered in Sporting Life, April 29, 1911, p. 3.
6 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 8, 1911, p. 7.
7 Boston Herald, May 11, 1911, p. 4.
8 McGuire’s Naps went 6–11 before he resigned. Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 4, 1911, p. 9.
9 Anaconda Standard, December 17, 1911, p. 23.
10 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 23, 1911, p. 9.
11 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 5, 1911, p. 7.
12 Washington Times, June 7, 1911, p. 13.
13 Sandusky Star-Journal, July 1, 1911, p. 10.
14 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 5, 1911, p. 7.
15 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 17–18, 1911.
16 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 25, 1911, p. 7.
17 Twin-City Daily Sentinel, July 28, 1911, p. 6.
18 Charlotte Observer, August 26, 1911, p. 3.
19 Ibid.
20 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1, 1911, p. 7.
21 Washington Times, January 23, 1911, p. 12.
22 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 7, 1911, p. 7.
23 Charlotte Evening Chronicle, July 24, 1911, p. 8.
24 El Paso Herald, March 11, 1912, p. 5.
25 Charlotte Observer, September 23, 1911, p. 3.
26 The Sporting News, November 20, 1941, p. 7, September 10, 1936, p. 4.
27 Ty Cobb: My Life in Baseball by Ty Cobb with Al Stump, 1993, Bison Book edition, p. 176–177.
28 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 28, 1911, p. 5.
29 The next closest was George Watkins, who hit .373 for the 1930 St. Louis Cardinals.
30 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 10, 1911, p. 17.
31 The Sporting News, October 19, 1911, p. 2.
32 Cleveland Leader, October 14, 1911, p. 6.
33 The Sporting News, October 26, 1911, p. 4.
34 Interestingly, with respect to George Mullin’s flawed predictions about Jackson in 1911, a witty journalist asked the pitcher if he had any new prophecies about him headed into 1912. Mullin refused to say a word. Washington Times, April 8, 1912, p. 11.
35 Evening Report, Lebanon, PA, June 9, 1913, p. 4.
36 Cleveland Plain Dealer, January 20, 1912, p. 8.
37 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 4, 1911, p. 7.
38 Tacoma Times, September 14, 1911, p. 2 and Cleveland Leader, November 15, 1911, p. 7.
39 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 12, 1911, p. 7.
40 Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 17, 1911, p. 1C.
41 Washington Times, November 7, 1911, p. 14. A report in Sporting Life claimed that Jackson backed out of the play because he didn’t want to perform in the “role of villain.” Sporting Life, November 25, 1911, p. 13.
42 Cleveland Leader, March 15, 1912, p. 9.
43 Winnipeg Tribune, January 23, 1912, p. 7.
44 Washington Times, February 10, 1912, p. 10.
45 New Castle Herald, March 6, 1912, p. 2.
46 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 14, 1912, p. 1C.
47 Ibid.
48 Washington Times, March 12, 1912, p. 13.
49 Boston Journal, March 8, 1912, p. 8.
50 Cleveland Leader, March 17, 1912, p. 18.
51 New Orleans Times-Picayune, February 26, 1912, p. 12.
52 The Sporting News, January 18, 1912, p. 2.
53 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 19, 1912, p. 10.
54 Cleveland Leader, March 24, 1912, p. 18.
55 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 7, 1912, p. 1C.
56 As stated in the previous chapter, the average age of the starting eight on the 1911 Naps was 28.875. The average age for the 1912 Naps was 26.75, which was over two years younger.
57 Cleveland Leader, April 12, 1912, p. 2.
58 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 20, 1912, p. 7.
59 Ibid.
60 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 23, 1912, p. 7.
61 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 9, 1912, p. 9.
62 Twin City Daily Sentinel, April 23, 1912, p. 6.
63 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 14, 1912, p. 7.
64 Cleveland Leader, May 19, 1912, p. 45.
65 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 23, 1912, p. 9.
66 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 6, 1912, p. 7.
67 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 15, 1912, p. 7.
68 Cleveland Leader, June 15, 1912, p. 9.
69 Cleveland Leader, June 28, 1912, p. 9.
70 The Inter Ocean, July 17, 1912, p. 4.
CHAPTER FOUR: THE PERENNIAL RUNNER-UP
1 Atlanta Constitution, February 12, 1911, p. 3.
2 New York Herald, August 11, 1912, p. S7.
3 Ibid.
4 Washington Herald, August 20, 1912, p. 8 and Cleveland Leader, August 28, 1912, p. 7.
5 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 30, 1912, p. 7.
6 The Sporting News, October 10, 1912, p. 2.
7 The Sporting News, October 17, 1912, p. 4.
8 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 4, 1912, p. 10.
9 Washington Times, February 3, 1913, p. 11.
10 Toledo News-Bee, September 24, 1912, p. 12.
11 San Francisco Chronicle, August 25, 1912.
12 Charlotte Observer, October 30, 1912, p. 8.
13 Charlotte Evening Chronicle, February 11, 1913, p. 6.
14 The Sporting News, December 12, 1912, p. 2.
15 Washington Post, November 21, 1912, p. 8.
16 Indianapolis Star, November 22, 1912, p.10.
17 Charlotte Daily Observer, January 4, 1913, p. 8.
18 Fort Wayne Daily News, February 17, 1912, p. 9. The family home was at 1752 Burdette Street, which was also spelled “Burdett.”
19 Twin-City Daily Sentinel, December 7, 1912, p. 9.
20 Altoona Tribune, December 10, 1912, p. 10.
21 Washington Post, December 29, 1912, p. 3.
22 The Sporting News, December 19, 1912, p. 2.
23 Charlotte Observer, January 4, 1913, p. 8.
24 Transaction Card Collection, National Baseball Library, Cooperstown, New York. Many newspaper reports incorrectly claimed Jackson earned $4,500 in 1912.
25 Charlotte Daily Observer, January 4, 1913, p. 8.
26 Transaction Card Collection, National Baseball Library, Cooperstown, New York. It was speculated that Jackson could receive as much as $7,500 for the 1913 season, but that was far off from the realistic figure.
27 Cleveland Leader, February 13, 1913, p. 10.
28 Cleveland Leader, March 7, 1913, p. 10 and Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 7, 1913, p. 10.
29 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 8, 1913, p. 8.
30 Cleveland Leader, April 12, 1913, p. 8.
31 Cleveland Leader, May 3, 1913, p. 11.
32 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 4, 1913, p. 2C.
33 Ibid.
34 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 6, 1913, p. 1C.
35 The Boston Journal named six of the suspected players involved in the fight, and Jackson wasn’t one of them. However, the list was not believed to be complete. Boston Journal, May 8, 1913, p. 1.
36 Cleveland Leader, May 12, 1913, p. 12.
37 Washington Times, May 22, 1913, p. 12.
38 Arkansas City Daily Traveler, June 12, 1913, p. 9.
39 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 19, 1913, p. 7.
40 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 5, 1913, p. 22.
41 Anaconda Standard, June 22, 1913, p. 23.
42 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 26, 1911, p. 7.
43 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 21, 1913, p. 10.
44 Cleveland Leader, June 25, 1913, p. 11.
45 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 26, 1913, p. 9.
46 Cleveland Leader, June 26, 1913, p. 10.
47 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 28, 1913, p. 1.
48 Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette, August 10, 1913, p. 19.
49 Washington Times, August 18, 1913, p. 10.
50 Cleveland Leader, September 11, 1913, p. 12.
51 Cleveland Leader, September 13–14, 1913.
52 Cleveland Leader, October 5, 1913, p. 20.
53 The Sporting News, February 12, 1914, p. 2.
54 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 8, 1913, p. 9.
55 Bismarck Tribune, September 25, 1913, p. 3.
56 The team was also acknowledged as “Joe Jackson’s Carolina Stars.” Charlotte Observer, October 19, 1913, p. 10.
57 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 23, 1913, p. 20.
58 Indianapolis News, November 6, 1913, p. 8.
59 Washington Times, November 7, 1913, p. 15.
60 The Sporting News, October 23, 1913, p. 2.
61 Athens Daily Herald, March 10, 1914, p. 5.
62 New York Evening World, March 24, 1915, p. 14.
63 Lewiston Evening Journal, December 13, 1911, p. 5.
64 The Sporting News, March 19, 1914, p. 1.
65 Cleveland Leader, March 28, 1913, p. 12.
66 Athens Daily Herald, March 10, 1914, p. 5.
67 The Sporting News, January 22, 1914, p. 2.
CHAPTER FIVE: BASEBALL’S SCANDALOUS THESPIAN
1 Baseball Magazine, June 1912, p. 26–31.
2 The Sporting News, January 8, 1914, p. 6.
3 Charlotte Observer, January 26, 1914, p. 3.
4 Charlotte Evening Chronicle, January 31, 1914, p. 4.
5 Daily Capital Journal, February 12, 1914, p. 3. This same story was attributed to Ty Cobb, but it is not known whether he was the original source. Houston Post, November 8, 1914, p. 16. Rice’s column appeared in the Washington Times, February 7, 1914, p. 11.
6 Transaction Card Collection, National Baseball Library, Cooperstown, New York.
7 Hamilton Journal News, February 17, 1914, p. 8.
8 Charlotte Observer, January 26, 1914, p. 3.
9 The business was at 826 East Main Street. Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 11, 1914, p. 8.
10 Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 12, 1914, p. 8.
11 Athens Daily Herald, March 19, 1914, p. 5.
12 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 26, 1914, p. 45.
13 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 4, 1914, p. 9.
14 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 9, 1914, p. 8.
15 Athens Weekly Banner, March 13, 1914, p. 1.
16 Athens Daily Herald, March 16, 1914, p. 5.
17 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 15, 1914, p. 17.
18 Athens Daily Herald, March 20, 1914, p. 5.
19 Washington Times, March 24, 1914, p. 10 and Washington Herald, March 25, 1914, p. 10.
20 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 8, 1914, p. 10.
21 New York Evening World, April 7, 1914, p. 14.
22 Cleveland used 47 players during the 1914 season, eight more than the second highest total in the league.
23 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 10, 1914, p. 20.
24 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 24, 1914, p. 14.
25 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 2, 1914, p. 11.
26 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 5, 1914, p. 13.
27 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 13, 1914, p. 9.
28 Washington Times, August 31, 1914, p. 9.
29 Lincoln Daily News, December 26, 1913, p. 5.
30 Washington Times, August 21, 1913, p. 10.
31 Washington Times, September 13, 1913, p. 11.
32 The Sporting News, November 5, 1914, p. 1.
33 The Sporting News, January 7, 1915, p. 1.
34 The Sporting News, May 27, 1915, p. 4.
35 The Sporting News, January 21, 1915, p. 1.
36 Asheville Citizen, February 23, 1915, p. 5.
37 New York Evening World, July 31, 1914, p. 8 and Fort Wayne Daily News, July 31, 1914, p. 12.
38 Washington Post, August 4, 1914, p. 9.
39 The Sporting News, November 12, 1914, p. 7.
40 Fort Wayne Daily News, February 17, 1912, p. 9.
41 Twin-City Daily Sentinel, January 30, 1915, p. 8.
42 Atlanta Constitution, February 1, 1915, p. 6 and Asheville Citizen, February 17, 1915, p. 7.
43 Asheville Citizen, February 21, 1915, p. 8.
44 Asheville Gazette-News, February 23, 1915, p. 8.
45 Winston-Salem Journal, March 21, 1915, p. 6.
46 Asheville Citizen, February 23, 1915, p. 9.
47 The Sporting News, April 1, 1915, p. 4.
48 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 27, 1914, p. 15.
49 Washington Times, December 15, 1914, p. 14.
50 The Sporting News, January 28, 1915, p. 1.
51 The Sporting News, March 11, 1915, p. 5.
52 Asheville Gazette-News, February 25, 1915, p. 2.
53 Twin-City Daily Sentinel, March 1, 1915, p. 2.
54 Greensboro Daily News, March 8, 1915, p. 6.
55 New York Evening World, March 24, 1915, p. 14.
56 Twin-City Daily Sentinel, March 8, 1915, p. 5.
57 Wilmington Morning Star, July 5, 1914, p. 6.
58 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 15, 1915, p. 9.
59 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 29, 1915, p. 9.
60 Charlotte Observer, April 11, 1915, p. 3.
61 Indianapolis News, April 6, 1915, p. 11. In one report, Joe said it was his brother-in-law that was sick. Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 9, 1915, p. 13.
62 Ibid.
63 Washington Times, April 8, 1915, p. 12.
64 New York Evening World, April 8, 1915, p. 18. This story originated in the Atlanta Georgian newspaper.
65 The response was featured in the Greenville Piedmont. Rector’s name was not in the original report out of Atlanta, but he assumed the journalist was talking about him because he was the only Greenville County Sheriff. He consulted his lawyer after the piece came out and discussed a civil action against the newspaper for its fabricated content. Greenwood Daily Journal, April 9, 1915, p. 2.
66 Katie was going to bring the divorce action in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland), Ohio, because divorces were outlawed in South Carolina. New Castle News, April 8, 1915, p. 2. A reporter mentioned that Jackson had an “affair with a chorus girl.” The Sporting News, August 26, 1915, p. 2.
67 Twin-City Daily Sentinel, April 9, 1915, p. 10.
68 Charlotte Observer, May 7, 1915, p. 8.
69 Lima News, April 10, 1915, p. 5.
70 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 12, 1915, p. 9.
71 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 15, 1915, p. 14.
CHAPTER SIX: THE $65,000 MAN
1 Cleveland Leader, March 17, 1912, p. 18.
2 Cleveland Plain Dealer, October 16, 1913, p. 9.
3 Ibid.
4 Cleveland Leader, August 6, 1912, p. 7 and Washington Times, July 3, 1915, p. 14.
5 Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 20, 1910, p. 2C.
6 Lincoln Daily News, June 19, 1912, p. 3.
7 Charlotte News, June 1, 1912, p. 6.
8 Charlotte News, June 16, 1911, p. 11.
9 Ibid.
10 Washington Times, February 27, 1912, p. 12.
11 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 14, 1912, p. 1C.
12 Kansas City Star, August 5, 1911, p. 9.
13 The Sporting News, June 3, 1943, p. 10.
14 Athens Daily Herald, March 10, 1914, p. 5.
15 Asheville Citizen, June 12, 1915, p. 9.
16 Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 20, 1915, p. 13.
17 The Sporting News, May 27, 1915, p. 1.
18 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 2, 1915, p. 11.
19 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 7, 1915, p. 11. Another report claimed Jackson’s injury was caused by “horseplay” in the Cleveland clubhouse when Joe was pushed against a door, causing a serious bruise. This story didn’t receive much traction. Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 3, 1915, p. 13.
20 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 8, 1915, p. 11.
21 Washington Times, May 27, 1915, p. 12. Additional complaints about Jackson’s performance at first were reported in The Sporting News, June 10, 1915 and June 17, 1915.
23 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 1, 1915, p. 11.
24 Atlanta Constitution, February 3, 1915, p. 10.
25 Washington Times, May 22, 1915, p. 13 and The Sporting News, June 17, 1915, p. 2.
26 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 8, 1915, p. 11 and The Sporting News, July 15, 1915, p. 1.
27 Ibid.
28 Tinker reportedly discussed terms with Jackson and pitchers Bill Mitchell and Roy “Dixie” Walker. Indianapolis News, Monday, August 16, 1915, p. 10. It was reported that he also talked with shortstop Ray Chapman. The Sporting News, August 26, 1915, p. 4.
29 The Sporting News, September 2, 1915, p. 3.
30 Tinker led the Chicago Whales to the 1915 Federal League championship and, in 1946, was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown, NY.
31 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 22, 1915, p. 17.
32 The Sporting News, September 2, 1915, p. 1.
33 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 22, 1915, p. 17.
34 Several different dates, including August 16, August 17, and August 20, 1915, are listed on Jackson’s official transaction card with regard to the new contract with Cleveland for 1917 and 1918. Transaction Card Collection, National Baseball Library, Cooperstown, New York. It is important to note that the Cleveland press indicated that the new contract covered the 1917, 1918, and 1919 seasons. However, according to his transaction card, it was only for 1917 and 1918. Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 20, 1915, p. 12.
35 The Sporting News, August 26, 1915, p. 1.
36 Ibid.
37 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 30–32.
38 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 16, 1915, p. 9.
39 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 30–32.
40 Ibid.
41 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 21, 1915, p. 10 and The Sporting News, September 2, 1915, p. 4.
42 The Sporting News, August 26, 1915, p. 2.
43 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 27, 1915, p. 12.
44 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 21, 1915, p. 10.
45 Ibid.
46 The Sporting News, August 26, 1915, p. 1.
47 The Sporting News, July 22, 1915, p. 4.
48 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 30–32.
49 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 22, 1915, p. B1.
50 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 24, 1915, p. 11.
51 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 29, 1915, p. B1.
52 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 8, 1915, p. 11.
53 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 18, 1915, p. 9.
54 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 21, 1915, p. 11.
55 Philadelphia Inquirer, September 28, 1915, p. 12.
56 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 28, 1915, p. 13.
57 The Sporting News, September 9, 1915, p. 1.
58 The Sporting News, September 30, 1915, p. 2.
59 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 9, 1915, p. 15–16.
60 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 11, 1915, p. 14.
61 Ibid.
CHAPTER SEVEN: THE JACKSON OF OLD
1 Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, September 27, 1910, p. 13.
2 Cleveland Leader, April 12, 1912, p. 2.
3 Charlotte News, July 11, 1911, p. 6.
4 Charlotte Observer, January 4, 1913, p. 8.
5 A photo of the two in her new car was also featured by the newspaper. Cleveland Leader, July 20, 1913, p. 35.
6 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 20, 1911, p. 7.
7 Pittston Gazette, June 29, 1911, p. 8.
8 The Sporting News, March 21, 1912, p. 7.
9 Washington Times, August 31, 1914, p. 9.
10 Asheville Gazette-News, February 22, 1915, p. 10.
11 Chicago Daily Tribune, January 15, 1916, p. 10 and The Sporting News, January 27, 1916, p. 4.
12 New York Herald, February 17, 1916, p. 14.
13 The Sporting News, October 5, 1916, p. 1.
14 The Sporting News, March 8, 1917, p. 1.
15 The Sporting News, April 26, 1917, p. 1.
16 Wichita Beacon, June 10, 1915, p. 7.
17 Chicago Inter Ocean, June 2, 1912, p. 21–22.
18 Ibid.
20 Chicago Day Book, January 23, 1917, p. 10.
22 Ibid.
23 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 5, 1916, p. B1.
24 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 15, 1916, p. 19.
25 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 30, 1916, p. 11.
26 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 9, 1916, p. B1.
27 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 13, 1916, p. 13.
28 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 17, 1916, p. 13.
29 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 18, 1916, p. B1.
30 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 26, 1916, p. 11.
31 Chicago Examiner, June 12, 1916, p. 13.
32 Chicago Examiner, July 3, 1916, p. 11.
33 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 14, 1916, p. 11.
34 Chicago finished the season with an 89–65 record.
35 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 8, 1916, p. B1.
36 Chicago Examiner, October 10, 1916, p. 12.
37 Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 12, 1914, p. 8.
38 Rockford Daily Register Gazette, March 10, 1916, p. 12.
39 Greenwood Daily Journal, October 11, 1916, p. 5.
40 Ibid.
41 The Sporting News, December 7, 1916, p. 4.
42 The Sporting News, November 9, 1916, p. 4.
43 The Sporting News, December 7, 1916, p. 3.
44 The Sporting News, November 23, 1916, p. 7.
45 Ibid.
46 The Sporting News, November 9, 1916, p. 4.
47 The Sporting News, December 7, 1916, p. 1.
48 The Sporting News, December 14, 1916, p. 4.
CHAPTER EIGHT: WORLD SERIES AND WORLD WAR
1 Washington Post, March 29, 1914, p. 2 and The Sporting News, March 5, 1914, p. 2.
2 For example, Jackson did it in Boston on May 13, 1916. Chicago Daily Tribune, May 14, 1916, p. B1.
3 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 4, 1917, p. 22.
4 New Orleans Item, July 29, 1910, p. 10.
5 Wilkes-Barre Times-Leader, July 13, 1911, p. 13.
6 Winston-Salem Journal, February 25, 1912, p. 14.
7 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 9, 1911, p. 11.
8 Athens Daily Herald, March 14, 1914, p. 2.
9 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 5, 1914, p. 39.
10 The Cleveland Indians signed Lou Guisto, a young prospect from Portland. Guisto hit .185 in 1917 and earned a lifetime average of .196 over five major league seasons.
11 Washington Herald, September 20, 1910, p. 8.
12 The Sporting News, March 8, 1917, p. 1.
13 Ibid.
14 Baseball-reference.com. The purchase was announced on March 1, 1917 and the one reporter claimed the price was in the neighborhood of $5,000. Chicago Daily Tribune, March 2, 1917, p. 16.
15 Ibid.
16 Chicago Day Book, March 1, 1917, p. 6.
17 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 6–7, 1917.
18 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 4, 1917, p. A1.
19 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 24, 1917, p. 11.
20 A player for the Smithville, Texas, team denied that anyone from their squad had spiked Jackson, stating that Joe “surely spiked himself, as he went to bat only twice in the game.” The player added, “[Jackson] hit one so far that our whole club had to go out to relay it back.” Houston Post, March 28, 1917, p. 5.
21 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 27, 1917, p. 14.
22 New York Tribune, March 23, 1917, p. 14.
23 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 3, 1917, p. 13.
24 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 11, 1917, p. 12.
25 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 13, 1917, p. 11.
26 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 19, 1917, p. 13.
27 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 25, 1917, p. 12.
28 The Sporting News, June 7, 1917, p. 1.
29 Wilmington Dispatch, October 17, 1917, p. 1.
30 sabr.org/bioproj/person/9ea2e3b9
31 New York Sun, September 29, 1917, p. 11.
32 New York Tribune, October 2, 1917, p. 13.
33 Chicago Examiner, October 7, 1917, p. C1.
34 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 16, 1917, p. 11.
35 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 24, 1917, p. 9.
36 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 28, 1917, p. 11.
37 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 6, 1917, p. 15.
38 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 4, 1917, p. 10.
39 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 6, 1917, p. 11 and The Sporting News, July 19, 1917, p. 1.
40 According to the Chicago Examiner, the White Sox and Red Sox flipped the top position “twelve times” over the course of the 1917 season. Chicago Examiner, September 22, 1917, p. 13.
41 Ibid.
42 New York Sun, September 28, 1917, p. 11.
43 sabr.org/gamesproj/game/september-27-1917-all-stars-turn-out-tim-murnane-benefit. A photo of Jackson holding the silver trophy he won in the throwing competition was widely featured in newspapers. “In the same picture, he was also holding a second, smaller trophy, which was given to him, reportedly, for outhitting Ty Cobb in a series against Detroit in 1914.”
The photo appeared in The Day, October 29, 1917, p. 10. “Jackson threw the ball 396 feet, 8½ inches. The smaller trophy was fashioned by Jean Bedini.”
44 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 30, 1917, p. A1.
45 Chicago Examiner, October 3, 1917, p. 11.
46 Chicago Examiner, October 1, 1917, p. 11.
47 Chicago Examiner, October 6, 1917, p. 10–11.
48 Ibid.
49 Chicago Examiner, September 25, 1917, p. 13.
50 El Paso Herald, September 29, 1917, p. 14.
51 Chicago Daily News, October 4, 1917, p. 2.
52 Chicago Examiner, October 3, 1917, p. 11.
53 Chicago Daily News, October 4, 1917, p. 2.
54 Chicago Examiner, October 6, 1917, p. 11.
55 Chicago Daily News, October 6, 1917, p. 1.
56 Chicago Examiner, October 7, 1917, p. C2.
57 Chicago Daily News, October 8, 1917, p. 2.
58 Chicago Examiner, October 12, 1917, p. 7–8.
59 Chicago Daily News, October 12, 1917, p. 1.
60 Chicago Examiner, October 14, 1917, p. C3.
CHAPTER NINE: FROM BALLYARDS TO SHIPYARDS
1 Chicago Examiner, October 12, 1917, p. 9.
2 The Sporting News, February 28, 1918, p. 2.
3 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 17, 1917, p. A1.
4 Chicago Examiner, October 15, 1917, p. 9.
5 Chicago Examiner, October 18, 1917, p. 6 and Chicago Daily News, October 18, 1917, p. 2.
6 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 16, 1917, p. 17.
7 Chicago Examiner, October 16, 1917, p. 7.
8 Chicago Examiner, October 17, 1917, p. 11.
9 Chicago Examiner, October 19, 1917, p. 13.
10 Chicago Daily News, October 18, 1917, p. 2.
11 Cincinnati Enquirer, October 20, 1917, p. 7.
12 Lima News, October 21, 1917, p. 13.
13 It was also reported that Jackson wrote to his mother, telling her that he was given a $1,000 bonus by “Chicago fans” for his sensational Game One catch. Greenwood Evening Index, October 23, 1917, p. 7.
14 Topeka Daily Capital, January 27, 1918, p. 2.
15 Mattoon Daily Journal-Gazette, October 28, 1917, p. 5. Other sources claim Jackson purchased a new Oldsmobile from the Savannah dealership of G. Bingham Bache with a portion of his earnings.
16 Jackson was ordered to appear on August 18 and his draft number was 3778. Atlanta Constitution and Wilmington Morning Star, August 13, 1917.
17 Greenwood Evening Index, August 21, 1917, p. 3.
18 Sumter Watchman and Southron, September 29, 1917, p. 3.
19 Greenwood Evening Index, October 23, 1917, p. 7 and Washington Herald, November 1, 1917, p. 12.
20 The Sporting News, January 31, 1918, p. 6 and The Sporting News, February 7, 1918, p. 7.
21 The Sporting News, February 21, 1918, p. 6.
22 The Sporting News, February 28, 1918, p. 1.
23 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 14, 1918, p. S1.
24 The Sporting News, March 14, 1918, p. 4.
25 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 10, 1918, p. S1.
26 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 19, 1918, p. 14. A story appeared in the New York Times claiming the Sox were willing to trade Jackson or Shano Collins for a “high-class pitcher.” New York Times, February 18, 1918, p. 8.
27 The Sporting News, March 14, 1918 and March 28, 1918.
28 Washington Times, February 10, 1918, p. 14.
29 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 19, 1918, p. 16.
30 The Sporting News, March 28, 1918, p. 1.
31 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 3, 1918, p. 13.
32 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 8, 1918, p. 13.
33 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 16, 1918, p. 11.
34 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 14, 1918, p. S1.
35 Washington Herald, November 19, 1917, p. 10.
36 Charlotte News, April 30, 1918, p. 13.
37 Greenwood Evening Index, May 1, 1918, p. 4.
38 Lincoln Evening Journal, May 2, 1918, p. 11 and Greenwood Evening Index, May 2, 1918, p. 11.
39 Jackson was said to have four dependents at the time. Washington Herald, May 31, 1918, p. 8.
40 San Bernardino County Sun, May 2, 1918, p. 5.
41 Washington Times, May 2, 1918, p. 18.
42 Cincinnati Enquirer, May 3, 1918, p. 10.
43 Washington Post, May 12, 1918, p. 15.
44 Dozens of newspapers featured this type of headline on May 14, 1918.
45 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 20, 1918, p. 10.
46 The Sporting News, May 16, 1918, p. 1.
47 Charlotte Observer, October 29, 1918, p. 10. Another report claimed Joe had four brothers in the service. The Sporting News, May 16, 1918, p. 1.
48 Washington Times, May 24, 1918, p. 18.
49 Ottawa Journal, May 17, 1918, p. 13.
50 Warren Times Mirror, June 1, 1918, p. 7.
51 The Sporting News, June 13, 1918, p. 3.
52 The Sporting News, May 23, 1918, p. 1 and Washington Herald, May 31, 1918, p. 8.
53 Washington Times, May 24, 1918, p. 18.
54 Santa Ana Register, May 17, 1918, p. 1.
55 Scranton Republican, May 17, 1918, p. 16.
56 The Sporting News, May 30, 1918, p. 1.
57 The Sporting News, July 25, 1918, p. 4.
58 Delmarvia Star, October 6, 1918, p. 24.
59 Ibid.
60 The Sporting News, July 25, 1918, p. 4.
61 Harrisburg Telegraph, May 27, 1918, p. 10.
62 Delmarvia Star, June 2, 1918, p. 25.
63 Details of the two teams can be found in this newspaper report. Ibid. The Shipyard League was also known as the Delaware River Shipyard Baseball League.
64 Delmarvia Star, June 16, 1918, p. 25.
65 Delmarvia Star, June 30, 1918, p. 15. Williams also played for Harlan’s Shipbuilding club, as did Byrd Lynn. Delmarvia Star, July 28, 1918, p. 25.
66 Delmarvia Star, September 15, 1918, p. 23–24.
67 Delmarvia Star, September 22, 1918, p. 23.
68 Delmarvia Star, September 29, 1918, p. 26.
CHAPTER TEN: CHICAGO’S HOUSE OF CARDS
2 Initially, it appeared that Comiskey didn’t hold Felsch in the same ill-repute that he did the other three men. New Castle Herald, July 11, 1918, p. 8. But later, Comiskey expressed his anger toward Felsch just the same. Washington Times, January 6, 1919, p. 17.
3 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 12, 1918, p. 11.
4 Louisville Courier-Journal, July 1, 1918, p. 6.
5 Chicago Examiner, September 23, 1917, p. C1.
6 Chicago Examiner, October 4, 1917, p. 13.
7 Chicago Examiner, October 16, 1917, p. 7.
9 New Castle Herald, July 11, 1918, p. 8.
10 Chicago Daily Tribune, January 1, 1919, p. 21.
11 Reading Times, November 28, 1918, p. 8.
12 Reading Times, December 10, 1918, p. 9.
13 Washington Times, December 10, 1918, p. 16.
14 Indianapolis News, January 3, 1919, p. 18.
15 Bridgeport Telegram, December 21, 1918, p. 4 and New York Tribune, December 24, 1918, p. 13.
16 Washington Herald, January 14, 1919, p. 4.
17 New York Tribune, December 24, 1918, p. 13.
18 Washington Herald, January 22, 1919, p. 7.
19 New Castle News, January 27, 1919, p. 14.
20 Chicago Daily Tribune, January 30, 1919, p. 13.
21 Transaction Card Collection, National Baseball Library, Cooperstown, New York.
22 Baseball Magazine, March 1916, p. 30–32.
23 The Sporting News, August 26, 1915, p. 1.
24 The Sporting News, February 24, 1916, p. 1.
25 New York Herald, February 17, 1916, p. 14.
26 New York Evening Telegram, February 17, 1916, p. 10.
27 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 4, 1915, p. 12.
28 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 18, 1916, p. 18.
29 Washington Times, August 22, 1917, p. 13.
30 Chicago Examiner, April 5, 1916, p. 17.
31 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 17, 1916, p. 11.
32 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 5, 1917, p. 14.
33 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 15, 1917, p. 12.
34 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 4, 1916, p. 15.
35 Chicago Examiner, September 23, 1917, p. C1.
36 Fort Wayne Sentinel, May 28, 1919, p. 9.
37 “Jackson always respected Chicago’s captain and referred to him as “Mister Collins.”
38 Collins wasn’t recognized as the official team captain until April 1916. Lincoln Daily News, April 20, 1916, p. 9.
39 The Sporting News, May 6, 1915, p. 1.
40 The Sporting News, February 13, 1919, p. 1.
41 Ibid.
43 Washington Times, June 21, 1912 and July 9, 1912.
44 Bisbee Daily Review, September 18, 1907, p. 8.
45 Washington Herald, October 17, 1913, p. 10.
46 The Sporting News, March 23, 1916, p. 6.
47 It was claimed in 1916 that manager Clarence Rowland had eliminated the “factional strife” on the Sox. The Sporting News, October 5, 1916, p. 1.
48 Chicago Daily Tribune, January 1, 1919, p. 21.
49 New Castle News, January 27, 1919, p. 14.
50 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 11, 1919, p. 18.
51 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 17, 1917, p. A1.
52 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 23, 1918, p. 11.
53 The Sporting News, November 14, 1918, p. 4.
54 Washington Times, August 16, 1914, p. 12.
55 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 28, 1913, p. 1.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE BIRTH OF THE “BLACK SOX”
1 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 18, 1919, p. 13.
2 Ibid, The Sporting News, March 13, 1919, p. 1
3 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 17, 1919, p. 18.
4 Reading Times, February 11, 1919, p. 9.
5 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 11, 1919, p. 18.
6 Jackson’s contract included traveling expenses for Katie. The Sporting News, March 13, 1919, p. 1.
7 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 22, 1919, p. 16.
8 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 20, 1919, p. 18.
9 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 24, 1919, p. 19.
10 The Sporting News, April 3, 1919, p. 1.
11 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 9, 1919, p. 20.
12 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 19, 1919, p. 20.
13 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 21, 1919, p. 18.
14 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 24, 1919, p. 19.
15 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 27 and May 1, 1919.
16 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 3, 1919, p. 21.
17 The Sporting News, May 8, 1919, p. 1, 4.
18 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 16, 1919, p. 13.
19 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 18, 1919, p. A1.
20 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 19, 1919, p. 19.
21 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 31, 1919, p. 19.
22 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 24, 1919, p. 18.
23 The Sporting News, June 19, 1919, p. 1.
24 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 20, 1919, p. A3.
25 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 21, 1919, p. 15.
26 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 13, 1919, p. 14.
27 The Sporting News, August 7, 1919, p. 4.
28 Chicago Daily News, September 29, 1919, p. 1.
29 The Sporting News, December 14, 1916, p. 4.
30 Chicago American, August 30, 1919.
31 Washington Times, August 5, 1917, p. 16.
32 The Sporting News, March 11, 1920, p. 1.
33 Salt Lake Telegram, January 29, 1919, p. 9.
34 The Sporting News, February 6, 1919, p. 2.
35 New York Times, April 14, 1919, p. 10.
36 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 15, 1919, p. 20.
37 Gandil was ready to protest any trade to the White Sox in 1915 because of the “insult” earlier in his career. The Sporting News, November 18, 1915, p. 6. Also see The Sporting News, December 5, 1912, p. 6.
38 Chicago American, August 6, 1919, p. 9.
39 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 2, 1919, p. 21.
40 Chicago American, September 3, 1919.
41 Chicago American, September 9, 1919.
42 Ibid.
43 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
44 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
45 Louisville Courier-Journal, July 22, 1921, p. 6.
46 Cicotte asserted that Gandil was still trying to convince him “for a week before the series started.” New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
47 Washington Post, October 21, 1917, p. 22 and The Day Book, March 1, 1917, 6.
48 The Sporting News, April 10, 1919, p. 5.
49 The Sporting News, March 13, 1919, p. 1.
50 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
51 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
52 Ibid.
53 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
54 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
55 Atlanta Constitution, September 26, 1917, p. 14.
56 Winston-Salem Journal, March 21, 1915, p. 6–7.
57 The Sporting News, September 2, 1915, p. 1.
58 Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 22, 1915, p. 17.
59 Lima News, January 25, 1919, p. 3.
60 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
61 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
62 New York Evening World, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE CONSPIRACY UNFOLDS
1 New York Times, August 22, 1887, p. 6.
2 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 13, 1917, p. 15, Chicago Examiner, October 13, 1917, p. 8.
3 The meeting occurred on September 29, 1919, at the Ansonia Hotel in New York. Chicago Daily Tribune, July 22, 1921, p. 1, 8.
4 Sports Illustrated, September 17, 1956.
5 Boston Post, October 23, 1920, p. 9.
6 Sports Illustrated, September 17, 1956.
7 San Francisco Chronicle, August 25, 1912.
8 Washington Times, May 24, 1918, p. 18.
9 Chicago American, September 3, 1919.
10 The Sporting News, February 20, 1919, p. 1.
11 The Sporting News, January 23, 1919, p. 1.
12 Chicago Daily News, September 24, 1919, p. 1.
13 Some fans in Chicago “hissed and booed” the Sox for their performance. Chicago Daily News, September 29, 1919, p. 1.
14 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 21, 1919, p. A1.
15 The Sporting News, August 28, 1919, p. 1.
Robbins also stated, “Probably not in the history of baseball has there been a greater money team than the White Sox.”
16 New York Evening World, September 29, 1920, p. 7.
17 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
18 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 8, 1919, p. 17.
19 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
20 Jackson talked at length about the “promises” made him before the Grand Jury. Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
21 Jesse Barnes of the New York Giants won 25 games in 1919. Cincinnati had the top three pitchers in terms of win-loss percentage in Dutch Ruether (.760), Slim Sallee (.750), and Ray Fisher (.737). Baseball-reference.com.
22 Chicago Daily News, September 30, 1919, p. 2.
23 Chicago American, August 4, 1919.
24 Chicago Daily News, September 11, 1919, p. 1.
25 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 2, 1919, p. 22.
26 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 2, 1919, p. 22.
27 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
28 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
29 Jackson reportedly told his friend Lefty Williams that it was a “crooked deal” after the first day, and felt Gandil was not being honest with them. Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, SC. According to one account, Felsch was, in fact, paid $5,000 after the first game in Cincinnati. Milwaukee Evening Sentinel, October 1, 1920, p. 18.
30 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
31 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 3, 1919, p. 22.
32 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
33 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
34 Cleveland Leader, December 21, 1912, p. 7.
35 Anaconda Standard, June 22, 1913, p. 23.
36 New York Times, July 21, 1921, p. 9.
37 Ibid.
38 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
39 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 4, 1919, p. 17–18.
40 Ibid.
41 There were claims that Gandil and his cronies refused to win for “bush leaguer” Dickey Kerr. However, there were allegations that this crew met for a special meeting before the third game, ultimately deciding to win and double-cross the gamblers.
43 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 5, 1919, p. A2.
44 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
45 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
46 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
47 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina. Jackson incorrectly told the jury that he was paid the same night they were traveling back to Cincinnati. Games four and five were both in Chicago.
48 The Sporting News, October 30, 1919, p. 3.
49 Indianapolis Star, October 14, 1919, p. 14.
50 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 7, 1919, p. 21–22.
51 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 8, 1919, p. 18.
52 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 9, 1919, p. 21–22.
53 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 10, 1919, p. 19–20.
54 Ibid.
55 Ibid.
56 Chicago Daily News, October 10, 1919, p. 2.
57 Chicago Daily News, October 11, 1919, p. 2.
58 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: EXPOSED AND SHAMED
1 The Sporting News, October 16, 1919, p. 1.
2 Ibid.
3 Collyer’s Eye, October 18, 1919, p. 1, 4.
4 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 28, 1919, p. A1.
5 The Sporting News, April 17, 1919, p. 8. Jackson was considering an investment with Bob Jordan of Mineral Wells, TX. Chicago American, September 19, 1919.
6 Jackson was considering an investment with Bob Jordan of Mineral Wells, Texas. Chicago American, September 19, 1919.
7 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
8 Collyer’s Eye, December 13, 1919, p. 1.
9 Collyer’s Eye, November 1, 1919, p. 1, 4.
10 Collyer’s Eye, October 30, 1920, p. 1, 5. The first batter was actually John “Shano” Collins. Chicago Daily Tribune, October 2, 1919, p. 22.
11 Scranton Republican, October 13, 1919, p. 14.
12 The Sporting News, October 16, 1919, p. 1.
13 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 15.
14 Full text of these letters appeared in Shoeless: The Life and Times of Joe Jackson by David L. Fleitz, 2001, McFarland & Company, Inc, p. 195–197. It is believed the letters were written by Katie Jackson.
15 Chicago Daily Tribune, December 15, 1919, p. 21.
16 Twin-City Sentinel, December 17, 1919, p. 12.
17 Scranton Republican, November 4, 1919, p. 14.
18 Some researchers have concluded that Comiskey actively conspired to cover up the 1919 fix to protect his own interests. Many of these allegations are examined in Gene Carney’s 2007 book, Burying the Black Sox.
19 Collyer’s Eye, February 7, 1920, p. 1, 4.
20 Collyer’s Eye, March 20, 1920, p. 4, Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 Full text of these letters appeared in Shoeless: The Life and Times of Joe Jackson by David L. Fleitz, 2001, McFarland & Company, Inc, p. 199–204.
23 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 17, 1920, p. 13.
24 Houston Post, February 27, 1920, p. 11.
25 Transaction Card Collection, National Baseball Library, Cooperstown, New York. Chicago Daily Tribune, March 2, 1920, p. 15.
26 Paris Morning News, March 17, 1920, p. 1.
27 New York Evening World, January 10, 1920, p. 10.
28 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 23 and April 11, 1920.
29 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
30 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 3, 1920, p. 19.
31 Chicago Daily Tribune, May 29, 1920, p. 13.
32 Chicago Daily Tribune, June 1, 1920, p. 23.
33 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 15, 1920, p. 13.
34 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 17, 1920, p. 7.
35 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 21, 1920, p. 7.
36 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
37 The Sporting News, August 19, 1920, p. 1.
38 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, SC.
39 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 25, 1920, p. 1.
40 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
41 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 27, 1920, p. 1, 12, 15.
42 Ibid.
43 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 28, 1920, p. 17.
44 Ibid.
45 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 29, 1920, p. 1.
46 The Sun and New York Herald, September 29, 1920, p. 2.
47 Ibid.
48 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
49 Ibid.
50 The Sun and New York Herald, September 29, 1920, p. 2.
51 Ibid.
52 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
53 Ibid.
54 New York Tribune, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
55 Ibid.
56 Ibid. This is one of the most famous quotes in baseball history, and, interestingly, was entirely made up, according to Jackson. He claimed Charley Owens of the Chicago Daily News was the creative force behind the legendary statement, which was more famously captioned as, “Say it ain’t so, Joe.” Sport, October 1949.
57 Ibid.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: BANISHMENT
1 Chicago Daily Tribune, September 29, 1920, p. 1.
2 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, SC. According to Cicotte’s confession, Williams received $10,000. Washington Times, September 29, 1920, p. 14.
3 Gaffney Ledger, October 9, 1920, p. 2.
4 St. Petersburg Daily Times, September 11, 1920, p. 5.
5 St. Petersburg Daily Times, September 23, 1920, p. 4.
6 Greenwood Index-Journal, October 12–13, 1920.
7 Savannah Morning News, September 29, 1920, p. 12.
8 Greenwood Index-Journal, October 19, 1920, p. 6.
9 New York Evening World, March 29, 1920, p. 16.
10 New York Evening World, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
11 Logansport Pharos-Tribune, October 15, 1920, p. 10.
12 Washington Times, October 6, 1920, p. 15.
13 Chicago Daily Tribune, October 8, 1920, p. 20.
14 Charlotte News, November 24, 1920, p. 10.
15 Collyer’s Eye, December 4, 1920, p. 1.
16 Atlanta Constitution, January 31, 1921, p. 6.
17 Jackson was also seemingly in Chicago on December 18, 1920, when he was initially arrested on the charge, “Obtaining Money and Goods by Means of the Confidence Game.” He posted a $5,000 bail and was released. People of the State of Illinois vs. Cicotte, et al. Case No. 21867, Criminal Court of Cook County, Illinois.
18 Washington Post, February 13, 1921, p. 20.
19 Chicago Daily Tribune, January 30, 1921, p. S1, S3.
20 Chicago Daily Tribune, January 12, 1921, p. 19.
21 Landis was named commissioner on November 12, 1920. New York Times, November 13, 1920, p. 1.
22 Washington Post, March 13, 1921, p. 20.
23 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 17, 1921, p. 14.
24 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 18, 1921, p. 20.
25 It was initially realized during the fall of 1920 that the immunity waivers were gone, although it wouldn’t be made public until July 1921. However, the prosecution knew about their disappearance when they dismissed the case and decided to reorganize in March 1921. Chicago Daily Tribune, July 23, 1921, p. 11 and July 26, 1921, p. 3.
26 Ibid. There have also been claims that Jackson was coerced by Comiskey’s lawyer, Alfred Austrian.
27 Chicago Daily Tribune, March 27, 1921, p. A1.
28 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 5, 1921, p. 23. According to court documents, Jackson was arrested on the new charges on April 9, 1921, and paid a $3,000 bond. People of the State of Illinois vs. Cicotte, et al. Case No. 23912, Criminal Court of Cook County, Illinois.
29 Chicago Daily Tribune, April 8, 1921, p. 17.
30 Charlotte News, April 15, 1921, p. 10 and Chicago Daily Tribune, April 17, 1921, p. S1.
31 Ibid.
32 Oregon Daily Journal, May 10, 1921, p. 14 and Boston Post, May 10, 1921, p. 14.
33 Washington Post, May 20, 1921, p. 12.
34 The “Black Sox” played on a field at East 75th Street and South Greenwood Avenue on the South Side. Washington Herald, May 17, 1921, p. 9.
35 New Castle News, June 14, 1921, p. 12. They also played at the White City baseball field at 65th Street and South Park Avenue.
36 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 6, 1921, p. 3. Short was law partners with George Guenther.
37 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 7, 1921, p. 7.
38 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 20, 1921, p. 1. Burns’s cohort Billy Maharg also testified on behalf of the prosecution later in the trial.
39 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 26, 1921, p. 3.
40 Ibid.
41 People of the State of Illinois vs. Cicotte, et al. Case No. 23912, Criminal Court of Cook County, Illinois.
42 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 30, 1921, p. 5.
43 Chicago Daily Tribune, July 31, 1921, p. 15.
44 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 3, 1921, p. 1.
45 Ibid.
46 New York Evening World, August 3, 1921, p. 1.
47 Sport Magazine, October 1949.
48 Chicago Daily Tribune, August 3, 1921, p. 1.
49 Washington Times, August 4, 1921, p. 14.
50 El Paso Herald, March 3, 1922, p. 10 and Washington Post, March 29, 1922, p. 15.
51 Twin City Sentinel, April 22, 1922, p. 7.
52 Indianapolis News, May 13, 1922, p. 21.
53 Poughkeepsie Eagle News, June 23, 1922, p. 9.
54 Denver Post, July 14, 1922, p. 20.
55 New York Times, June 30, 1922, p. 12.
56 Buck Weaver and Swede Risberg were also said to be teamed with Jackson on the Westwood club, but manager Eddie Phelan claimed Jackson was the only “Black Sox” player in the east. Washington Herald, June 28, 1922, p. 7 and New York Times, June 30, 1922, p. 12. The report that thousands of dollars changed hands was later denied by local club officials.
57 New York Times, July 16, 1922, p. 23.
58 Washington Times, July 17, 1922, p. 16.
59 Altoona Tribune, July 28, 1922, p. 10.
60 Flint Journal, July 22, 1922, p. 15 and Fort Wayne News Sentinel, July 22, 1922, p. 8.
61 The cabaret was at 125th Street and 7th Avenue. Olean Times Herald, July 25, 1922, p. 21.
62 Anniston Star, October 3, 1922, p. 8.
63 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 3, 1923, p. 31.
64 Monroe News-Star, July 11, 1923, p. 1, 8.
65 Ibid.
66 Altoona Tribune, July 20, 1923, p. 9.
67 Shoeless Summer by John Bell, 2001, Vabella Publishing.
68 Decatur Herald, January 28, 1921, p. 4 and Lincoln Evening Journal, March 21, 1923, p. 9. Also see deadballbaseball.com/?cat=328.
69 Lincoln Star, April 24, 1923, p. 11.
70 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
71 Jackson wanted his $8,000 for 1921 and 1922, $1,500 bonus pay, and $500 due him from the last part of 1920.
72 Milwaukee Sentinel, January 30, 1924, p. 1, 9.
73 Jackson’s attorney fought to prevent admission of the 1920 grand jury testimony, but lost the argument.
74 Jackson sparred with attorney George B. Hudnall. Milwaukee Sentinel, January 31, 1924, p. 1, 6.
75 Milwaukee Journal, February 15, 1924, p. 1, 2.
76 Ibid. Happy Felsch, who testified on the plaintiff’s behalf, was also arrested on a perjury charge. Milwaukee Evening Sentinel, February 13, 1924, p. 1.
77 The Sporting News, February 14, 1924, p. 4.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: “THE ANSWER TO A GAMBLER’S PRAYER”
1 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 15, 1914, p. 19.
2 The businessman was Thomas A. Miller. Fort Wayne Daily News, February 17, 1912, p. 9.
3 The Sporting News, February 11, 1915, p. 1.
4 Washington Times, November 11, 1912, p. 11, December 25, 1912, p. 11.
5 Cimarron Citizen, August 21, 1913, p. 3.
6 New York Evening World, March 24, 1915, p. 14.
7 Baseball Magazine, September 1917, p. 492, 530.
8 Allentown Democrat, April 30, 1913, p. 6.
9 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 20, 1912, p. 10.
10 The Sporting News, July 4, 1918, p. 4.
11 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 4, 1917, p. 22.
12 Elkhart Truth, June 26, 1911, p. 3.
13 Oregon Daily Journal, February 5, 1917, p. 9.
14 Washington Herald, July 22, 1914, p. 5 and The Sporting News, February 1, 1934, p. 4.
15 Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 26, 1912, p. 7.
16 Cleveland Leader, May 17, 1912, p. 11, June 27, 1912, p. 9.
17 The Sporting News, March 25, 1915, p. 5.
18 Harrisburg Telegraph, August 28, 1945, p. 11.
19 The Sporting News, March 27, 1913, p. 2.
20 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 5, 1914, p. 7.
21 The Sporting News, March 28, 1918, p. 1. Buckner later stated that “Mr. Jackson” was the greatest hitter in baseball, saying, “That’s my man. He was the best.” Detroit Free Press, August 17, 1936, p. 12.
22 Washington Times, Wednesday, August 18, 1915, p. 10.
23 Chicago Eagle, June 6, 1914, p. 2.
24 New Orleans Times-Picayune, March 24, 1913, p. 13.
25 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 16, 1912, p. 9.
26 New York Evening World, September 30, 1920, p. 2.
27 Cleveland Leader, July 1, 1912, p. 9.
28 Cleveland Leader, May 9, 1913, p. 10.
29 Unsourced clipping, Joe Jackson’s Personal Scrapbooks, Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com, from Josh Leland of Leland’s Auctions. During the 1919 World Series, he carried four new hairpins with him in the fourth game. He got a double and made first on an error, feeding into his belief. Chicago Daily Tribune, October 5, 1919, p. A1. Also see Detroit Free Press, August 17, 1936, p. 12.
30 New Orleans Item, March 3, 1912, p. 25.
31 Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 18, 1911, p. 8.
32 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 6, 1914, p. 10.
33 Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 8, 1914, p. 10.
34 Athens Daily Herald, March 14, 1914, p. 2.
35 Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 2, 1913, p. 2C.
36 Cleveland Plain Dealer, March 17, 1914, p. 9.
37 New York Herald, August 11, 1912, p. 7.
38 The Sporting News, September 3, 1942, p. 4.
39 Baseball Magazine, September 1917, p. 530.
41 Wilkes-Barre Record, March 15, 1923, p. 21.
42 Research by Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com.
43 Oshkosh Daily Northwestern, December 18, 1924, p. 15.
44 Harrisburg Evening News, December 29, 1924, p. 1.
45 Oshkosh Daily Northwestern, May 20, 1925, p. 9.
46 Greenwood Index-Journal, May 9, May 14, 1925.
47 Research by Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com. Another report claimed Jackson’s club went 63–21–3 and that Joe had a .556 batting average. Hamilton Journal News, November 3, 1925, p. 8.
48 Zanesville Times-Signal, October 25, 1925, p. 13.
49 Greenwood Index-Journal, March 12, 1926, p. 7.
50 He reportedly was making around $8,500 in 1927. Franklin News-Herald, April 2, 1927, p. 8. A 1932 article claimed he had two stores at that time. Franklin News-Herald, March 10, 1932, p. 8.
51 Fitchburg Sentinel, January 4, 1927, p. 7.
52 Franklin News-Herald, April 2, 1927, p. 8.
53 Greenwood Index-Journal, June 1, 1929, p. 6.
54 Statesville Record and Landmark, August 9, 1932, p. 16.
55 The Sporting News, June 30, 1932, p. 5.
56 Georgia Death Index, ancestry.com.
57 Greenwood Index-Journal, October 26, 1932, p. 6.
58 Florence Morning News, December 19, 1933, p. 6. Mayor Mauldin reportedly obtained the signatures of 5,000 Greenville citizens for his petition to have Jackson reinstated. The Sporting News, September 24, 1942, p. 1.
59 Harrisburg Evening News, November 5, 1929, p. 19.
60 Galveston Daily News, December 24, 1933, p. 17.
61 Decatur Daily Review, December 23, 1933, p. 4.
62 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 19, 1934, p. 22.
63 Louisville Courier-Journal, January 21, 1934, p. 30.
64 Monroe News-Star, July 2, 1934, p. 7 and Lincoln Evening Journal, July 6, 1934, p. 17.
65 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 19, 1934, p. 11.
66 Greenwood Index-Journal, June 18, 1935, p. 3.
67 Unsourced clipping, Joe Jackson’s Personal Scrapbooks, Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com, from Josh Leland of Leland’s Auctions.
68 Author Thompson wrote at length about Jackson’s kindness in his later years. Growing Up with Shoeless Joe by Joe Thompson, 1998, The R. L. Bryan Company.
69 Unsourced clipping, Joe Jackson’s Personal Scrapbooks, Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com, from Josh Leland of Leland’s Auctions.
70 The Sporting News, September 24, 1942, p. 1, 8.
71 Specific quotes by Jackson about this topic were found in an unsourced clipping, Joe Jackson’s Personal Scrapbooks, Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com, from Josh Leland of Leland’s Auctions. Also see Franklin News-Herald, March 10, 1932, p. 8.
72 Growing Up with Shoeless Joe by Joe Thompson, 1998, The R. L. Bryan Company, p. 2–3.
73 Joe Jackson Grand Jury Testimony Transcript, Bart Garrison Agricultural Museum of South Carolina, Pendleton, South Carolina.
74 Ibid.
75 The White Sox of 1919 had one of the highest salary lists in the majors. Historian Bob Hoie estimated that the Sox payroll might have been around $93,051. “1919 Baseball Salaries and the Mythically Underpaid Chicago White Sox,” Base Ball: A Journal of the Early Game, Spring 2012.
76 Boston Post, November 27, 1920, p. 12.
77 Lincoln Evening Journal, July 6, 1934, p. 17.
78 The Sporting News, February 11, 1915, p. 1.
79 Washington Post, November 29, 1918, p. 9.
80 Ironwood Daily Globe, April 25, 1946, p. 11 and Greenwood Index-Journal, February 21, 1951, p. 7.
81 Des Moines Register, December 3, 1988, p. 12.
82 Unsourced clipping, Joe Jackson’s Personal Scrapbooks, Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com, from Josh Leland of Leland’s Auctions.
83 Sport Magazine, October 1949.
84 Jackson was supposed to be on the program, December 16. Sportswriter Ed Bang and Tris Speaker appeared in his absence and made the presentation of the gold clock to Ed Sullivan, in tribute to Joe. Sullivan, in turn, forwarded the clock to Katie Jackson in Greenville. Berkshire Eagle, December 29, 1951, p. 12.
85 Newspapers claimed he was 63, but since a majority of sources claim he was born in 1887, he would’ve been 64.
86 Greenville News, December 6, 1951, p. 1, 22.
87 Katie Jackson died on April 18, 1959, at the age of sixty-six. South Carolina Certificate of Death, ancestry.com.
88 Greenville News, December 7, 1951, p. 43–44.
89 Greenville News, December 9, 1951, p. S1.
90 Greenville News, December 7, 1951, p. 43–44.
91 Greenville News, December 10, 1951, p. 9.
92 Iowa City Press-Citizen, December 18, 1951, p 20.
93 Unsourced clipping, Joe Jackson’s Personal Scrapbooks, Mike Nola, Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Virtual Hall of Fame, www.blackbetsy.com, from Josh Leland of Leland’s Auctions.
94 Greenville News, December 9, 1951, p. S1.
95 Cleveland Leader, February 12, 1912, p. 5.