James M. Hollis, “The Texarkana Phantom Murders.” Unpublished manuscript.
Jerry Atkins, Unpublished memoir of the spring of 1946 and aftermath.
Records in Bowie County, Cass County, and Cameron County, Texas, and Texas State Archives; Miller County and Union County, Arkansas.
Records in Texas State Library archives, Texas Department of Public Safety, and Texas Department of Corrections, and Arkansas State Police files.
FBI records for Youell Lee Swinney and Phantom case.
U.S. Census records for 1920, 1930, 1940.
Social Security Death Index (online).
City Directory, Texarkana, 1940s, 1950s.
Texarkana Telephone Directory, 1946.
Tillman Johnson Papers.
Bowman, Bob and Doris. More Historic Murders of East Texas. Lufkin, Texas: Best of East Texas Publishers, 1994.
Clemmer, Donald. The Prison Community. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1958.
Cox, Mike. Texas Ranger Tales: Stories That Need Telling. Republic of Texas Press, 1996.
Douglas, John, and Mark Olshaker. Mind Hunter: Inside the FBI’s Elite Serial Crime Unit. New York: Pocket Star Books, 1996.
Douglas, John, and Mark Olshaker. The Anatomy of Motive: The FBI’s Legendary Mindhunter Explores the Key to Understanding and Catching Violent Criminals. New York: Scribner, 1999.
Fox, James Alan, and Jack Levin. Extreme Killing: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2005.
Frazier, Shervert H. “Violence and Social Impact,” in Joseph C. Schoolar and Charles M. Gaitz, eds. Research and the Psychiatric Patient. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1975, pp. 183-194.
Greer, Leslie B. Pages of Time. Texarkana, Ark.
Keirsey, Tex. “Riding With the Rangers on a Phantom’s Trail.” Amarillo Globe-Times, Feb. 7, 1956.
Kerr, Robert. “Unmasking the Phantom at 40.” Texarkana Gazette, March 23, 1986.
Kerr, Robert. “Texarkana’s Phantom Killer.” Arkansas Times, November 1986, 24, 26.
Leet, William D. Texarkana, A Pictorial History. Norfolk/Virginia Beach, Va.: Donning Company, 1982.
Levin, Jack. Serial Killers and Sadistic Murderers: Up Close and Personal. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2008.
Malsch, Brownson. Lone Wolf: Captain M. T. Gonzaullas. The Only Texas Ranger Captain of Spanish Descent. Austin, Texas: Shoal Creek Publishers, 1980.
McClish, Mark. I Know You Are Lying: Detecting Deception Through Statement Analysis. Winterville, N.C.: Police Employment, 2000.
Minor, Les, Ruth Evans, and Ethel Channon, ed. and compiled for Texarkana Gazette. Texarkana II: The Two County Collection. Marceline, Mo.: D-Books Publishing Co., 1994.
Minor, Les, and Ethel Channon, eds. Images of Texarkana: A Visual History. Marceline, Mo.: Heritage House Publishing Co., 1991.
Morrison, Helen, and Harold Goldberg. My Life Among the Serial Killers: Inside the Minds of the World’s Most Notorious Murderers. New York: William Morrow, 2004.
Morton, Robert J., and Mark A. Hilts, eds. Serial Murders—Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives for Investigators. Symposium, Aug. 29-Sept. 2, 2005, San Antonio. FBI National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime.
Newton, Michael. The Texarkana Moonlight Murders: The Unsolved Case of the 1946 Phantom Killer. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2013.
Presley, James. “The Phantom Murders,” 8-part series. Texarkana Gazette, May 1971.
Rasmussen, William T. Corroborating Evidence II: The Cleveland Torso Murders, The Black Dahlia Murder, The Phantom Killer of Texarkana, The Zodiac Killer. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 2005.
Ressler, Robert K., Ann W. Burgess, John E. Douglas, et al. Sexual Homicide: Patterns and Motives. New York: The Free Press, 1988.
Stowers, Carlton. “The Phantom Menace.” Dallas Observer, 40-51. Feb. 1-7, 2001.
Texarkana Gazette. “The Phantom at 50,” May 1996.
The Tiger 1946. Texarkana, Texas: Students of Texas High School, 1946.
Amarillo Globe-Times
Arkansas Democrat
Arkansas Gazette
Atlanta (Tex.) Times, The
Billings (Montana) Gazette
Dallas Morning News, The
Dallas Times Herald
Nashville (Ark.) News
New Orleans Item, The
New Orleans Times-Picayune
Shreveport Times, The
Texarkana Daily News
Texarkana Evening News
Texarkana Gazette
Two States Press
Interviews were conducted with most of the individuals quoted, either in person or by telephone in 1971 and in the 1990s and up to 2013. These included, but are not limited to, Max Tackett, Tillman Johnson, Bill Presley, Dr. Shervert Frazier, and hundreds more.
Active Years (Little Rock, Ark.)
Arkansas Times
Life
Newsweek
Time
Getaway, The
Jesse James
Three Strangers