Abdul Hamid II: despotic rule, 48; massacre of Armenians, 21
Aintab: correspondence between Jackson and Bristol, 58–59; Nationalist attack, 58
Allied powers: fleet enters the Bosporus, 2, 12; fleet leaves the Bosporus, 272; Greeks to occupy Smyrna, 37; Greeks to proceed further, 69; occupation of Constantinople, 45, 69; opposition to Bristol, 44–45
American commissions: faults with, 29; origin of, 28–29. See also Harbord, James; King-Crane Commission
American embassy in Constantinople: Bristol moves into, 42; conflict in leadership, 44; description, 42; diplomatic secretaries, 66; disaster relief committee, 76, 79; help to White Russians, 79, 83, 122; insularity, 68; interview of Black Thomas, 125; lesser attention to Greeks, 268–69; plan for evacuating Americans, 187; radio circuits, 42; recreational trips, 169; social life, 64–65; sponsoring of dances and concerts, 80, 122; summer palace, 161; welcome for Turks, 65. See also Bristol, Helen; Bristol, Mark
American idealism after World War I, 39–40
American missionaries: American Board, 21; Armenian converts, 21, 204; departure from Anatolia, 272; excellent image of Americans, 39; Harbord impressed by, 32–33; missionaries as villains, 51, 215; reports of deportations to Morgenthau, 27; risking lives at Selimieh Barracks, 266; taking orphans out of Cilicia, 59; transport by destroyers, 47, weather interrupting dinner, 183–84; “unnamed Christianity,” 274–75
American Red Cross: effort at Smyrna, 211, 215; relation with Bristol, 44, 64; work with Greek refugees, 267, 272; work with Russian refugees, 71, 74, 78–79, 81–82, 196. See also Davis, Claflin
Armenian genocide: Aegean displacements, 218; Bristol’s excuses for Turks, 54–55; Bryce’s report, 24; consular reports, 19, 26–27; death marches during, 15; genocide queried, 15; Harbord’s conclusions, 34; Morgenthau’s memoir, 25–27; numbers who died, 25; related Pontic events, 89–93, 97
Armenians in Turkey: Armenians in the Pontus, 89–91; Armenian mandate, 31–33, 38–39, 112; Armenian nationalism, 23–24; Armenian propaganda, Armenian publicity, 28, 62, 84; Armenian renaissance, 23; atrocities by Armenians, 28, 61; character of Armenians, 32–33; general situation, 21–24, 48, 54–55, 61–62; initial relief, 27; massacres of Armenians, 21–22, 24. See also Armenian genocide; Cilicia; Marsovan; Smyrna
Atatürk. See Mustapha Kemal
Bainbridge, William, visit to Constantinopletinople, 20
Barton, James: difficulties with Bristol, 53, 107; investigative journey, 31, 54; publicity for Near East Relief, 62; ultimate accommodation with Turks, 274
Belin, Ferdinand L.: agreement with Bristol, 66; mastery of porters, 14; watching navy target practice, 168
Billings, Florence: naiveté about Osman, 107; support of Turkish position concerning Ward/Yowell, 115
Black Thomas, proprietor of Maxim’s, 124–25
Bolsheviks: acceptance of American grain, 141, 143; attempt to impose conditions, 139, 141; attempted conversion of sailors, 146; capture of Batoum, 201, 204; forces briefly stalemated, 73; invasion of the Crimea, 74, 200, 228; persecution of aristocrats, 149, 151; responsibility for famine, 138–39; Russians fleeing Russia, 84. See also Russian Revolution
Bristol, G. L., tries to stop deportations from Samsun, 99–101, 103
Bristol, Helen: at swimming parties, 161; award ceremony, 271; opposes marriage, 280; soup kitchen work, 77; work with Russian refugees, 83–84
Bristol, Mark L.: admiration for Russians, 77; anger at Bryan, 71; anti-British stance, 44–45; blamed for insularity, 108; blames Armenians, 53; British view of, 45; capacity for work, 63–64; character, 42, 45–46; cold reception for some, 107, 117; continuation of friendship for Turks, 277; continues to push business, 275; contradictions in policy, 59; dream about helping the Nationalists, 51; eliminating the Christians, 276; favoring of Turks, 51–53; general introduction to, xiv–xv; “High Commissioner” title, 44; highly knowledgeable, 64; his realpolitik, 55; his recreation, 161; idealism about Nationalists, 47–50; ignoring atrocity reports, 102; influence over subordinates, 42, 65–66; injurious orders at Smyrna, 216, 222, 228–29; investigating postwar conditions, 54; move into embassy, 42; naiveté about events, 63, 112; naval aides, 65; naval career, 41–42; need for destroyers, 42; non-attendance at church, 275; officers marrying foreign women, 280; opinion on death of retained minorities, 256; opposition to Allies, 45; post-Constantinople career, 277; pro-Turkish stance, 49–52; protest of deportations, 103, 107; relation to Halide Edib, 48; religious proselyting, 107, 275; response to Cilicia, 58–60; rhetoric against minorities, 52–53; ships to help Russians, 74; skepticism on Marsovan massacre, 108; social life, 64–65; support for Near East Relief, 44; transfer to China, 277; travel to Constantinople, 3–4; Turks’ fanatical instincts, 53; unhappiness at deportations, 258; unmoved by Smyrna, 228; vacation in Anatolia, 276; war diaries of, 63–64; work with McCully, 44
Brown, Constantine: agrees to protect Bristol’s interests, 236; arrival at Constantinople, 13; friendship with Bristol, 5; ship sunk while en route, 4–5
Bryan, Hamilton: commandeering merchant ship, 71; fight with wife, 166; hosting Olga Wrangel, 86
Bryan, Margaret: domination of husband, 166; fitness report from Bristol, 281; shock at naval party, 167
Bryce, James, report of, 24–25
Calthorpe, Somerset, insists on Greek occupation of Smyrna, 37
Clayton, John: agreement to protect Bristol’s interests, 236; attendance at Mudania, 252; false report about Smyrna, 237, 250; investigation of Ward/Yowell report, 117–19; meeting with Sheridan, 239
Committee of Union and Progress. See Young Turks
Cilicia: Armenians desperate, 53, 59; description of Cilicia, 55; Nationalist revolt, 55–60. See also Aintab; Marash
Constantine, King of Greece, takes power in Turkey and maintains Greek offensive, 69–70
Constantinople: city’s suburbs, 11–12; filth and odors, 12–13; fires, 12; many Greeks leave, 276; raucousness, 13; Sirkedji train station, 13; stunning setting, 12
Constantinople College for Women: daughters of sultan and Kemal attend, 273; description of, 12; fledgling medical program, 273; help to Russian refugees, 79–80. See also Patrick, Mary Mills
Cotten, Lyman: doggerel verses, 121, 128; opposes Houston, 101; sides with Bristol, 65
Couzinos, Efthimios: months in a crevice, 106; narrow escape, 259–60; wonder at destroyer, 269–70
Dardanelles (or Hellespont): description of 3–5, 7–8, 16; swimming of, 171–73
Davis, Claflin: arrogance, 196; observes Turks setting fire, 225; relief work at Smyrna, 211, 230, 246; suggestions to Hepburn, 223–24
Davis, Leslie, report on 1915, 26–27, 53
Dayton, J. H.: asks British to change plans about Smyrna, 37; reports on Smyrna occupation, 37, 37n67. See also USS Arizona
destroyer (and general shipboard) life: anchoring, 194; berths, 180; boat handling (and capsizing), 183–84, 170–71; carrying mail, 197–98; carrying money, 198; coaling ship, 184; collisions, 201–2; communications, 206; crew size, 179; deck maintenance, 189; drydocking, 185; engineering maintenance, 188; fighting fires, 187; four piper description, 179–80; fueling, 184; full-power run, 185–86; general drills, 189–90; gunnery exercises, 168, 186–87; importance of letters, 197–98; inspections, 189–90; intelligence gathering, 198–99, 206; landing forces, 199–200; liquor on board ship, 161–62, 188; navigation, 192–93; nicknames for destroyers, 47; numbers of destroyers in region, 179, 254; paperwork, 189; ports visited, 202, 204–5; rescuing vessels in distress, 201; rotation home and back, 179; salesmen riding ships, 47; shiphandling, 180, 182; shore patrol, 130, 187–88, 212; standing watches, 182–83; transporting passengers, 195–97; transporting refugees, 261–62; women riding on destroyers, 47; weathering storms, 193–94
Dobkin, Marjorie Housepian: fate of minority males, 256; importance of The Smyrna Affair, xiii, 210, 210n2; Mark Prentiss at Smyrna, 238; numbers saved by British boats, 224
Dolmabagtche landing: description of, 11; officers en route, 259
Dos Passos, John: conversations overheard, 159, 165, 169; extraordinary meeting, 101; first view of Constantinople, 10; ignorance about state of things, 282; observing Greek and Turkish victims, 98
Duke, Vernon: creation of ballet, 123; evacuation at Odessa, 71
Dulles, Allen: aide at the embassy, 50, 64, 66, 161; bad climate for business, 276; initial travel to Constantinople, 14; later work in central intelligence, 283; perspective from State Department, 66, 110, 116, 276
Dulles, Clover: diplomatic dinners, 64; travel to Constantinople, 14; work with Russian refugees, 78, 81–82
Dunn, Robert: Armenian massacre of Tartars, 61; book World Alive, 49, 282; “conversion” to Islam, 159–60, 280; departure from the city, 278, 280; description of Constantinople, 65, 129; investigation of Russian ports, 139, 141; journey through Anatolia, 61–62; party at Prinkipo, 167; position with Bristol, 46, 48–50; pre-naval experience, 48–49; reports about Pontus, 96–99; return to the city, 283; swimming in Armenia, 170
Edwards, Jeannette: “delirious life” at Constantinople, 133–34; description of Maxim’s, 125; description of Vertinsky, 122; relief girls marrying British, 134; Sweet Waters of Europe, 164
Edwards, W. Atlee: dinner invitations and plans, 264–65; early death, 264; rescue of Vinh Long, 263–64
expulsion of minorities from Turkey: destroyer visits to Aegean ports, 251–52; distinguished from “exchange of populations,” 255; frantic state of refugees, 261–62; heroism of some Americans, 266; minority refugees ignored, 266–68; number of deaths, 256–57; rush to the ports, 254–56; sailor’s encouraging comment, 269–70; state of refugees in city, 265–66; thousands of Greeks leave, 276
famine in Russia: Bolshevik oppression, 146–48, 151–52; Bolshevik propaganda, 145–47; cannibalism, 148; charity of American sailors, 145–46; corpses in Odessa, 144; desperate conditions, 144, 148; destroyer stations, 141–42, 202, 204; difficult nature of relief work, 151–52; frozen children, 138; Gorky’s request for aid, 137; harsh Bolshevik discipline, 144–45; Hoover’s plan, 137; initial coordination, 139; investigation of ports, 139, 141; making Hoover a villain, 152; marrying to get out of Russia, 150; naval liaison at Novorossisk, 141; naval liaison at Odessa, 143; Odessa opera, 147–48; oppressed intellectuals, 151; Russian gratitude, 152; Russian threat and bluff, 139; Yarrow’s investigation, 137–38; waves of emigration, 138
Farragut, David, visit to Constantinople, 20
Field, Richard: admiration for shore patrol, 187; writing about Turkish experience, 281. See also USS Goff
Fisher, Edgar: Bristol pro-Turk, 51; nationalism vs. Christendom, 268
Fitzgerald, Dolly: description of Constantinople, 11; honored for seamanship, 201–2; the Odessa opera, 147; steaming by Gallipoli, 7; transfer to play bridge, 66. See also USS McCormick
Gallery, Dan: admiration for Russian violinist, 124; capture of sub, 283; Constantinople gayer than Paris, 257; description of Constantinople, 12; dogs on Oxia, 8; girlfriend Anthie, 165; high time before leaving, 259, 277–78; promotion exams, 189; putting boilers back together, 188; recently published diary, 281; ships’ in-port watch teams, 182; travel to Constantinople, 7; waltzing with waitresses, 126
Gallipoli Peninsula: battle of, 22, 35, 172; view of, 7–8, 16
Gates, Caleb Frank: caution of staff, 1; investigative journey, 31; warning against mandate, 31–32. See also Robert College
Ghormley, Robert: Bolshevik outrage at sailors feeding Russians, 145–46; command experience of decades later, 282. See also USS Sands
Graffam, Mary Louise: counters Bristol’s argument, 33; fights for mandate for Armenia only, 32–33
Greek atrocities: activities of Greek guerillas in Pontus, 90–92, 108, 111; massacres near Guemlek, 96–98; torching of Turkish villages, 215, 217, 250–51
Greek occupation of Smyrna: cheapening of Christian life in Turkey, 38; occupation described 35, 37–38; event used by Kemal to oppose Harbord, 38
Greek situation (ethnic Greeks) in Anatolia. See Horton; Pontus events; Smyrna
Hadjin, Cilician conflict at, 57
Halide Edib: Bristol confidant, 48; defense of Turks at Marash, 63; justification of Osman’s forces, 107; justification of Turks at Smyrna, 230–31
Harbord, James: feud between Tartars and Armenians, 61; investigative journey, 29, 33–35, 38, 40, 54; meeting with Mustapha Kemal, 20, 35, 38; military background, 20; view on American mandate, 38–40; views on Armenians, 34, 61
Hemingway, Ernest: articles about Constantinople, 240, 250, 252–53, 281–82; contracts malaria, 250; description of Constantinople, 10; evacuation of Eastern Thrace, 253; “On the Quai at Smyrna,” 240–41; scoop about Mudania, 252–53; writing for Toronto Star and INS, 250
Hepburn, A. J. (Japy): allowing Davis to coordinate with British, 223; Armenians set fire, 226; arrival at Smyrna, 211; discounting of Horton, 217; meeting with Noureddin, 215–16; naval career, 211, 282; need for massive evacuation, 227; observation of fire and of refugees, 219–20; order for steward to remain in the Black Sea, 284; posing for artist, 80; refusal to help non-citizens, 227; sending some refugees out, 222–24; support of Russian couple, 86; talk with Bristol, 228; typical agreement with Bristol, 65
Holmes, Mary Caroline, shock at Urfa massacre, 60
Horton, George: advice to take refugees away, 216–17; consul status, 66; 217; leaving Smyrna, 222; personally distraught, sympathy with minorities, 66; Turks’ complete control, 226; wartime suffering of Greeks, 218
Houston, Victor Stuart: falls on his sword, 102–3; meeting with archbishop, 101; meeting with Samsun Mutesarif, 100; receipt of unfavorable fitness report, 102; sardonic reply to Bristol, 102–3
Jackson, Jesse B.: applause for Armenians at Aintab, 58; argument to let Cilicians leave, 59; arrival of Anatolian deportees, 254; deportations as “plundering scheme,” 38; horrible nature of deportations, 54
Jaquith, Harold C.: description of Anatolian refugees, 265; Bristol umbrage toward, 274; persuading Hepburn to take more, 224; setting of fire, 225; support of Ward/Yowell report, 113–14; work on Smyrna relief, 211, 246
Jennings, Asa: background, 231; exasperation at refugee situation, 233–34; getting transports, 234–35; massive evacuation, 235–36, 241–247; Turkish YMCA, 274; ultimatum to Greek government, 235
Joyce, C. S., warns Bristol of Pontic events, 96
Kerr, Stanley: Lions of Marash, 57; Marash after battle, 57; steaming by Troy, 5
King-Crane Commission: endorsement of separate Armenia, 38; investigating political problems, 29; listening to many, 31–33; transport by destroyer, 29
Kinkaid, Thomas: later naval career, 282; travel to Constantinople, 14–15; typically sided with Bristol, 65; vacation in Anatolia, 276
Kirli, Biray Kolluoglu, opinion about Dobkin’s book, 210n2, 226n92
Lausanne Treaty: conference about, 255; treaty rejected, 277
Leahy, Bill: attends diplomatic events, 64; later commands; 282; recreation, 160, 163, 165–67; rescue of Greek, 262; takes command of St. Louis, 178; takes St. Louis home, 280; takes St. Louis to Samsun, 110; travel by train, 14; visit to Prinkipo, 167; woman’s offer to marry, 134. See also USS St. Louis
Lloyd George, David: asks Greeks to occupy Smyrna, 37; continuing support of the Greeks, 70
Lovejoy, Esther: condition of Selimieh Barracks, 266; maternity work at Smyrna, 240; robbing of refugees, 245; separation of families, 245; Victrolas playing, 241
Lowry, Heath: critique of Morgenthau memoir, 25–26; his opinion about Dobkin’s book, 210n2, 226n94; Smyrna fire chief, 226n94
Lybyer, Albert: Bristol sympathetic to Turks, 51; visit to Armenians, 33
Mannix, Pratt: admires Black Thomas, 125; hosts swimming parties, 268; rescue of refugees, 187; swimming Hellespont, 171–72; traveling to Constantinople, 15–17; veers ship out of danger, 202. See also USS Denebola
Marash: Americans at, 56; Armenian deaths, 57; Bristol’s reaction, 59; deportation toll, 55; Turkish propaganda, 62–63; Turkish revolt, 55–57, Turkish victory, 57
Marmara, Sea of: Bainbridge rescues Vinh Long, 263; collision of McCormick and French destroyer, 201–2; full-power run, 185; hunting near, 173; Marmara described, 5, 8, 11, 16. See also Greek atrocities; Prinkipo
Marsovan: Bristol blames college, 95, 107; cartloads of dead, 105; closures of college, 93, 94; deportations during Great War, 92–93; fires breaking out, 104–5; kangaroo court, 94; killings, 104–6; legendary rescue of students, 93–94
Maxim’s: American jazz orchestra, 124; Black Thomas, 124–25; Constantinople’s favorite spot, 267; Gallery and mates, 126, 278; sword dancing, 123
McCully, Newton: accompanied by Koehler, 72; adoption of orphans, 73, 76; aiding the evacuations, 72–74; destroyer assigned, 204; experience in Russia 71–72; frequent swimmer, 170; observer with White Russians, 72–76, 195; requesting ships, 74; use of landing force, 199–200
McIver, Renwick: exercise at anchoring, 194; good time at Smyrna, 261; intelligence officer, 198–99; transport of refugees, 262. See also USS Gilmer
medal of honor for W. Atlee Edwards, 264
Mitchell, Anna V. S.: minor conflict with Bristol, 44; Russian fundraising letters, 83; work with refugees, 82–83
Morgenthau, Henry: effects of memoir, 25–26, 28, 41; helps Marsovan students, 93
Murder on the Orient Express (Agatha Christie novel), 13
music and dance: admiral charmed by pianist, 122; American fox-trots, 124; bands and orchestras of navy, 124; captain entranced by ballet, 123; Cossack dances, 123; fine Russian musicians, 122, 124; Negro jazz bands, 127; piano player in wardroom, 4; sponsored concerts, 122
Mustapha Kemal (also Kemal): attitude toward Pontus and Smyrna, 246; Bristol’s attitude towards, 50, 55; cutthroats as bodyguard, 50–51; enrollment of daughters at college, 273; forces attack British, 69; hero during Great War, 22; honor at Aintab, 58; interview with Clayton, 236–37; interview with Dunn, 99; meeting with Harbord, 35, 38; refusal of Greek transports, 231; refusal of Sheridan sculpture, 239–40. See also Turkish Nationalists
Nansen, Fridjof: exchange of populations, 255; likely death of retained males, 256
Near East Relief: beginnings, 27; Bristol’s support, 44; continuing work under Nationalists, 273–74; limits urged by Bristol, 272; publicity for, 28, 84. See also Jaquith, Harold C.
Nightingale, Florence, work at Selimieh barracks, 12, 266
nightlife in Constantinople: Bristol shanghais an officer, 280; captain marries a Russian, 258; Constantinople’s terrible vice, 128; cross-dressing, 131; dreaming of women, 136; drinking on duty, 130; drunkenness and liquor on board ship, 130; drunkenness of naval wife, 167; entertaining on board Scorpion, 161–62; entrancing ballet dancer, 131; fights among sailors, 130; four thousand prostitutes, 129; a lurid place, 127; marrying foreign women, 134, 136, 258; naval wives out of place, 133; officer court-martialed, 130; officers waltzing, 126; “sailors on rampage,” 267; whorehouses and prices, 128–29. See also music and dance
Noureddin Pasha: commands at Smyrna, 215–16, 218, 223, 246; initiates deportations in the Pontus, 95
Olsen, Charles: accident during coaling ship, 184; advice about marrying, 134; guns causing havoc, 168; inspection of Chattanooga, 190; sailor’s YMCA, 158; Sweet Waters of Europe, 164; trouble with drunks, 130; writing to Edna, 197; voyage to Constantinople, 4. See also USS St. Louis
Olsen, Edna: arrival in Turkey, 133; Charles’ lonesomeness for, 4; predicament of unaccompanied women, 133
Onassis, Aristotle, departure from Turkey, 257
Orient Express (Simplon Orient Express) train: Christie novel about, 13; description of, 13; journeys to Constantinople, 14–15, 239; Oppenheim novels, 13
Orient Express (1927 travel book by Dos Passos), 101, 282
Osman Agha (Lame Osman): acclaimed in Turkey, 107; activities in Marsovan, 103, 106–7; commander of cutthroats, 50–51; “sadistic ethnic cleanser,” 95–96
Papoutsy, Christos, Ships of Mercy, 210n3
Patrick, Mary Mills: aid to Russian, 80; pro-Turkish character, 48. See also Constantinople College for Women
Peet, William: attempt to remove Bristol, 66, 68, 107; insistence on greater effort for refugees, 228–29; support of Ward/Yowell, 114
Pence, Harry: awful situation in Russia, 144–45; beautiful Turkish girls, 65; czar’s wine cellars, 153; Greeks being deported, 110; Ivasovsky widow, 148; minorities being expelled, 254; nude Russian swimmers, 169; Odessa opera, 147–48; recreation at Prinkipo, 167; travel on train, 14; trouble with current, 182. See also USS McFarland
Pontus events: bombardment by Greeks, 95; Bristol’s postwar investigation, 54; deportations of women and children, 108, 110; Greek villages destroyed, 89, 95; Jevislik atrocity, 117; massacres, 95; Noureddin begins deportations, 95; numbers remaining, 91; Osman at Samsun, 95–96; “Repubic of the Pontus,” 92; St. Louis sent to Samsun, 110; State Dept. ignorance, 110; terrible state of deportees, 117; wartime circumstances in the Pontus, 89–91. See also Marsovan; Ward/Yowell report
Porter, David, diplomatic representative to Turkey, 20
Powell, Halsey: commander at Smyrna, 230; coordinator of evacuation, 241–42; report about Smyrna, 238; sound priorities, 231; work with Jennings, 233–35
Prinkipo and other Princes’ Islands: killing of dogs, 8; place of exile, 8; recreational site, 8, 167–68, 268; refugee camp, 73; site of gunnery exercises, 167–68
recreation, naval: American Sailor’s Club, 158; baseball, 155, 156, 160; basketball, 156; Belgrade Forest, 163; boxing, 158, 160; bridge, 191; British club at Therapia, 159, 165; Buyukdere field, 159; Camp Mark Bristol, 160; Club de Constantinople, 159; competition, 155–56, 168, 188; “crossing the line,” 156; czar’s wine cellars, 151, 153; Eyoub, 163; Far Seas baseball league, 156; golf, 159; Mount Burgurlu, 166; movies, 191; pets, 191–92; picnics, 162–64; port visits to Egypt and the Holy Land, 206–7; Prinkipo and Princes’ Islands, 167–68; recreational reading, 190–91; Roosevelt swimming trophy, 170; hunting, 172–73; Standard Oil swimming site, 166; Sweet Waters of Asia, 164–65; Sweet Waters of Europe, 163–64; swimming in general, 161, 166, 169; swimming the Bosporus, 171–72; swimming the Hellespont, 171–73; tennis, 161; Up Jenkins, 156; Washington’s birthday, 155; watching target practice, 167–68; whaleboat races, 156; YMCA’s mini-Olympics, 158
rescue of Vinh Long, 263–64. See also Edwards, W. Atlee
Robert College: character of, 12; changes upon Nationalist takeover, 273; welcome for Navy ships, 254; welcome for Russian musicians and students, 80, 122. See also Gates, Caleb Frank
Russian Revolution: crises following, 15; McCully at its beginning, 71; Revolution’s aftershocks, xiv–xv; Sheridan sculpts Russians, 238. See also Bolsheviks; famine in Russia; White Russians
Selimieh Barracks: description of, 12; terrible condition of refugees, 266, 269
Sheridan, Clare: berthing on Edsall, 239; fails to sculpt Kemal, 239–40; helping with refugees, 84; horror at Greek’s suicide, 244; living with Chaplin, 238; meeting with Bristol, 239; mutilation of Christian monuments, 277
Smyrna, burning of: American institutions at Smyrna, 212; Armenians as targets, 212, 219; arrival of Turks, 212; Bristol unmoved, 228; burning of lighter, 221; deportations east, 230, 258; destroyers take some away, 229; the standard work on Smyrna, 210; eventual mass evacuation, 231; fires being set, 219, 225–26, 228, 230; inaction of Allies, 222; intensity of great fire, 223; killing of the archbishop, 215; killings at Smyrna, 212, 214–15, 217–19, 226; officials resist taking refugees, 222–23, 227; relief work at Smyrna, 223, 230; reporters covering Greek atrocities, 250–51; rescue by British boats, 223–24; robbery at gates, 245; sailors’ performance, 242–43; separation of families, 245; ships ordered to Smyrna, 211; state of refugees, 219–20, 242; swimming to ships, 220, 245–46. See also Clayton, John; Hemingway, Ernest; Jennings, Asa; Lovejoy, Esther; Powell, Halsey; Sheridan, Clare
subchasers, American: description and use, 177; subchaser command, 131–32; trip to Prinkipo, 167
Toynbee, Arnold: compiles Bryce report, 24–25; witnesses Greek atrocities, 97, 113
Trammell, Webb: Bristol’s dream, 51; communist attempts at conversion, 146; condition of the minorities at Samsun, 110; coordination of grain shipments, 143; dealing with deserters, 147; Odessa opera, 137, 148–49; offer of marriage, 150; opportunity to hunt, 173; return to Turkey, 283; terrible conditions at Odessa, 144; visit with Princess Soumbatoff, 149; weather in Russia, 193
Turkish Nationlists: attack British at Ismid, 69; come to power in Constantinople, 272; begin revolt in Cilicia, 55–60; nature of movement, 49–51; propaganda, 62–63; retreat after Greek attack, 69; Smyrna, Turkish respect for Americans, 39. See also Cilicia; Harbord, James; Mustapha Kemal
Twain, Mark, describes Constantinople, 13, 20
Urfa: Bristol’s response to, 60; massacre of French at, 60
USS Alameda, its musical group, 124
USS Arizona: observes Greek landing, 37; visits Constantinople, 178. See also Dayton, J. H.
USS Bainbridge: crew kept on board at difficult port, 191; seeks engineering “E,” 188; sick sailor in boiler, 249. See also Edwards, W. Atlee
USS Barker, playing baseball, 156
USS Biddle: bodies of flu victims, 148–49; evacuation at Odessa, 71
USS Bridge, arrival at Constantinople, 254
USS Brook, steams to Constantinople to report massacres, 101. See also Houston, Victor Stuart
USS Chattanooga: admiral’s inspection, 190; relief of Galveston, 178
USS Denebola: anchoring in Dardanelles, 172; difficult navigation, 16; exchange of bugles, 17; saving refugee building, 187; showing the movies, 191; travel to Constantinople, 15–17; veering ship from collision, 202. See also Mannix, Pratt
USS Edsall: berthing for Clare Sheridan, 239; being ordered to Smyrna, 211; transport of Onassis, 257; transport of refugees, 224; trouble with engines, 188; Turkish celebration, 209. See also Powell, Halsey
USS Faraby: helps in White Russian evacuations, 74
USS Fox: chopping ice, 193; meeting with grain ships, 143–44; steaming to Prinkipo, 96; transport of salesman, 150–51. See also Trammell, Webb
USS Galveston: landing force deployment, 200; Novorossisk evacuation, 72; a year’s tour in Constantinople, 177–78
USS George Washington, visit to Constantinople, 20
USS Gilmer: gun receives Navy “E,” 187; port assessment in Russia, 139, 141; trouble with anchoring, 194. See also McIver, Renwick
USS Goff: seamanship problem, 183–84; sports for Washington’s birthday, 155–56. See also Field, Richard
USS Hatfield: gunnery exercises, 187; hunting, 173
USS Humphreys, final White Russian evacuation, 74
USS John D. Edwards, final White Russian evacuation, 74
USS Lawrence: escort of Greek transports, 235–36; ordered to Smyrna 211; transport of journalists, 236
USS Litchfield: moored off Smyrna quai, 219; ordered to Smyrna, 211; refreshments for British oarsmen, 224; sponsorship of Russian boy, 86; transport of Jennings, 234–35; transport of orphans and others, 229. See also Hepburn, A. J. (Japy)
USS McCormick: collision with French destroyer, 201–2; jazz orchestra on board ship, 124; Russians made crewmembers, 145; seeking lost merchant ship, 175. See also Fitzgerald, Dolly
USS McFarland: fueling a battleship, 184; full-power run, 186; playing baseball at Odessa, 155; sailors jumping ship, 147; soup for starving Russians, 145; stemming high seas, 192–93. See also Pence, Harry
USS MacLeish, evacuation of refugees, 251–52
USS Nahma: Bristol riding, 54, 177; investigatory cruise, 177
USS Navahoe, commandeered and filled with refugees, 71
USS Noma: assigned relief work, 176; background on vessel, 177; transport of Smith and Heinz, 29
USS Olympia, investigatory cruises, 91, 177
USS Overton: aground in Danube, 201; captain to “take orders” from businessman, 47, 150–51; gunnery exercises, 187; transport for McCully, 76; use of landing force, 200. See also Bristol, G. L.; Ware, Bruce
USS Parrott, sailors posing with headgear, 279
USS Pittsburgh: arrival at Constantinople, 7; frantic engineering work, 188; gunnery drills, 186. See also Gallery, Dan
USS Sands: barge rescue, 201; fire fighting, 187. See also Ghormley, Robert
USS St. Louis: assignment to Samsun, 110, 262; bite inspection, 188; “crossing the line” celebration, 156; going home, 280; guns wreaking havoc, 168; inspection of Chattanooga, 190; Leahy taking command, 178; problems with drunks, 188; Russian refugees on board, 74–76; ship’s musical group, 124; ship’s tour of duty, 177; soup kitchen, 76–77; voyage to Constantinople, 4. See also Leahy, Olsen
USS Schley, carries Bristol to Constantinople, 3–4
USS Scorpion: anchored at the summer palace, 161–62; coaled by Romanians, 184; crewman shoots Italian, 130; “crossing the line,” 156; host for swimming parties, 166; interned during war, 1–2; officer marries a Russian, 136; ordered to leave Constantinople, 277; pleasure trip to Yalta, 47; ship’s boat sinking, 170; yacht’s description, 175–76
USS Simpson: arrival at Smyrna, 211; search for missing ship, 175; sinking of Turkish caique, 201; transport of refugees, 222, 229
USS Smith Thompson: Berthelsen’s book about cruise, 281; cruise to Constantinople, 2–3; destroyer squadron departure, 278; drydocking, 185; evacuation from Novorossisk, 72, 200; fueling of ship, 184; in-port maintenance, 189; outstanding inspection, 190; transport of civilians, 195–96; transport of McCully, 72–74; use of landing force, 200
USS Talbot, helps in White Russian evacuation, 71
USS Trinity: being ordered away from sultan’s harem, 11; brief visit to Constantinople, 178
USS Utah: receives oil from a destroyer, 184; visits Constantinople, 178
USS Whipple: baseball and other competitions, 155–56; refloating a Greek steamer, 201. See also Waller, John
USS Winona, carries refugees from Smyrna, 222, 224
Venizelos, Eleutherios: dream of empire, 91; fails plebiscite, 69; occupying Smyrna, 37
Vinh Long (French transport), passengers rescued by Bainbridge, 263–64
Waller, John, thanked for 1920 evacuation, 86–87
war diaries: Bristol’s war diaries, 63–64; destroyer and station war diaries, 206; private collections of destroyer war diaries, xvii, 144
Ward/Yowell Report: Bristol’s resistance to publishing, 113–114; Clayton’s corroboration of report, 117–19; denial of by Turks and by Bristol’s friends, 114–15; Dulles’ recognition of the evidence, 116; Jaquith supports the report, 113–14; a Turkish hero, 118. See also Pontus events
Ware, Bruce, reversal of view, 258–59
Wheeler, Julian: aids Russian refugees, 83; arrival in Constantinople, 4, 10; marital fight, 166; opinion of Turks, 68; siding with Bristol, 65; stops dating Italian, 280; swimming the Bosporus, 171; tour of Anatolia, 276
White Russians: battle with Bolsheviks, 70–71, 73–74; evacuation from Crimea, 70–72, 74–76; a few emigrations, 86; refugee plight, 70, 77, 79; refugee “trades,” 77–78; transports in Buyukdere Bay, 75–76. See also Bolsheviks; McCully, Newton; Russian Revolution; USS St. Louis
Wilson, Woodrow: great influence, 40; asks Greeks to occupy Smyrna, 37
Wrangel, Peter: commander of White Russian forces, 73; performs sword dance, 123; White Russian retreat, 74
Wrangel, Olga, dedication to Russians, 82, 86, 281
Yalman, Ahmed Emin, accolade to pro-Turk Bristol, 52
Young Turk leaders: depose the Sultan, 22; dogs left on Oxia, 8; genocidal nature, 62; incompetence at supporting the army, 22; plan to rid Turkey of Armenians, 24–26, 91
Zia Bey, Mufty-Zade: lurid districts of Pera, 127–28; propagandistic writings, 128; Sweet Waters of Asia, 164; Turks’ liking for Bristol, 51
Zogbaum, Rufus: enjoyment of Ballet Russe, 123; refusal to save Greek boy’s life, 262