Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to reprint previously published material:
The Antioch Press: Excerpts from “Kennedy in History: An Early Appraisal” by William G. Carleton. Copyright © 1964 by the Antioch Press. First published in The Antioch Review, vol. 24, no. 3. Reprinted by permission of the editors.
Delacorte Press: Excerpted verse from Toil and Trouble by Thomas R. Brooks. Copyright © 1964 by Thomas R. Brooks. Reprinted by permission of Delacorte Press.
Fortune: Quotation from Fortune, Fall 1931.
Greenwood Press, Inc.: Excerpt from World Revolutionary Propaganda by Harold D. Lasswell and Dorothy Blumenstock. Used with the agreement of the reprint publisher, Greenwood Press, Inc.
Lexington Books: Bread or Justice by Lawrence Neil Bailis. Reprinted by permission of Lexington Books, D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Mass., 1974.
Lexington Books and The Rand Corporation: Protests by the Poor by Larry R. Jackson and William A. Johnson. Reprinted by permission of Lexington Books, D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Mass., 1974, and The Rand Corporation.
George T. Martin, Jr.: Excerpts from “The Emergence and Development of a Social Movement Organization Among the Underclass: A Case Study of the National Welfare Rights Organization” by George T. Martin, Jr., Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1972. Reprinted by permission.
Monthly Review Press: Excerpts from Rosa Luxemburg’s Selected Writings, edited by Dick Howard. Copyright © 1971 by Monthly Review Press. Reprinted by permission of Monthly Review Press.
The Nation: “No Rent Money … 1931” by Horace Cayton in the September 9, 1931, issue and “Labor 1975: The Triumph of Business Unionism” by B. J. Widick in the September 6, 1975 issue.
National Welfare Rights Organization: Excerpt from the “National Welfare Rights Organization Newsletter.” Reprinted by permission.
The New American Library, Inc.: Excerpts from Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power by Rowland Evans and Robert Novak. Copyright © 1966 by Rowland Evans and Robert Novak. Reprinted by arrangement with The New American Library, Inc., New York, N.Y.
The New York Times Company: Excerpt from March 6, 1930, February 2, 1932, and June 16, 1963, issues. Copyright © 1930, 1932, 1963 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission.
Radical America: “Personal Histories of the Early CIO” by Staughton Lynd from the May-June 1969 issue, vol. 5, no. 3. Copyright © 1969 by Radical America.
United Auto Workers and Jane Sugar: Four lines of lyrics attributed to Maurice Sugar, Chief Counsel for United Auto Workers, 1937–1948.
Vintage Books Edition, January 1979
Copyright © 1977 by Frances Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canda Limited, Toronto. Originally published by Pantheon Books in November 1977.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Piven, Frances Fox. Poor people’s movements.
1. Labor and laboring classes—United States—Political activity—
History. 2. Afro-Americans—Civil rights—History.
3. Welfare rights movement—United States—History.
I. Cloward, Richard A., joint author. II. Title.
[HD8076.P55 1979] 322.4’4’0973 78–54652 eISBN: 978-0-307-81467-8
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