Osman’s Dream

Notes

In order to reduce end-notes I have not cited some basic texts in each instance that I have referred to them. Two such volumes of general applicability are R. Mantran (ed.), Histoire de l’empire ottoman and Michael Cook (ed.), A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730. When writing of the first century and a half of the empire I have rarely cited D. Nicol, The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 and Colin Imber, The Ottoman Empire 1300–1481, both of which I have used extensively; similarly, M. Balivet’s Islam mystique et révolution armée dans les Balkans ottomans and A. Y. Ocak’s Zındıklar ve Mülhidler were indispensable for the religious currents of that time. Kenneth Setton’s The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571) provided invaluable European and Mediterranean factual background up to 1600, complementing Andrew Hess’s ‘The Evolution of the Ottoman Seaborne Empire’ and ‘The Ottoman Conquest of Egypt’, and Setton’s Venice, Austria, and the Turks continues the story up to 1700. I have constantly referred to but infrequently cited Leslie Peirce’s The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Frank Sysyn was kind enough to allow me to use his typescript ‘The Great Ukrainian Revolt’ for Cossack history of the mid-seventeenth century. Stanford Shaw, Between Old and New, provided a narrative line for the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, and for the final chapters I took as my basic texts M. S. Anderson, The Eastern Question, 1774–1923, Malcolm Yapp, The Making of the Modern Near East, 1792–1923, Paul Dumont, ‘La période des Tanzimât (1839–1878)’ and François Georgeon, ‘Le dernier sursaut’. Elsewhere, I have tried to indicate my sources clearly, and despite the numerous anomalies in modern Turkish spelling and transliteration in particular, have endeavoured to preserve the original orthography of each source in the end-notes and bibliography.

Chapter One: First among equals

1. Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans 37

2. Martinez, ‘Bullionistic Imperialism’ 173

3. İnalcık, ‘Osman Ghazi’s Siege’ 77ff

4. Wittek, The Rise of the Ottoman Empire

5. Mélikoff, art. Germiyān-oghulları, EI2 II.989

6. Uzunçarşılıoğlu, Anadolu Beylikleri 3

7. Yavaş, art. Eşrefoğlu Camii İA2 11.479–80

8. Varlık, Germiyan-oğulları Tarihi 31–2

9. Konyalı, Âbideleri ve Kitâbeleri 706–8

10. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 167

11. Artuk, ‘Osmanlı Beyliğinin Kurucusu’ 27ff

12. Pamuk, A Monetary History 30–31

13. Lefort, ‘Tableau de la Bithynie’ 101ff

14. İnalcık, ‘Osman Ghazi’s Siege’ 77ff

15. Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans 26–7

16. Oikonomides, ‘The Turks in Europe’ 159ff

17. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 61

18. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Gazi Orhan Bey vakfiyesi’ 277ff

19. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 18–20

20. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 72–8

21. Barkan, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Bir iskan’ 279ff; Aktepe, ‘. . . Rumeli’nin türkler’ 299ff

22. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, ‘Le règne de Selīm Ier’ 37; Eyice, ‘. . . Dinî – İçtimaî Bir Müessesesi’ 3ff

23. Kiel, ‘Observations on the History’ 426–8; Kiel, ‘The Oldest Monuments’ 127–33, 138a

24. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Gazi Orhan Bey vakfiyesi’ 280–81

25. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 76

26. Mantran, ‘De la titulature’ 208–9

27. Imber, ‘What Does Ghazi Actually Mean?’ 165ff

28. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 43

29. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 57, 95–6, 102

30. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 67–71

31. Philippidis-Braat, ‘La captivité de Palamas’ 204–6

32. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 115–30

33. Imber, ‘The Ottoman Dynastic Myth’ 7ff

34. Flemming, ‘Political Genealogies’ 123ff

35. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 78–9

36. İnalcık, ‘How to Read ‘Ashik Pasha-Zāde’s History’ 148–9, 153

37. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 2–3, 14

38. Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains 31–2

39. İnalcık, ‘Osman Ghazi’s Siege’ 90–91; İnalcık, art. Bursa EI2 I.1333–4

40. ibn Battūta, The Travels of ibn Battūta 2.450

41. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 51, 300

42. ibn Battūta, The Travels of ibn Battūta 2.453

43. Zachariadou, ‘The Emirate of Karasi’ 225ff

44. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 121

45. İnalcık, ‘The Rise of the Turcoman’ 316–19

46. Bryer, ‘Greek Historians’ 471ff

47. Zachariadou, ‘Histoires et légendes’ 53–4

48. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 122

49. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 122–3

50. Oikonomides, ‘From Soldiers of Fortune’ 239ff

51. Zachariadou, ‘The Emirate of Karasi’ 233–4

52. Zachariadou, ‘Natural Disasters’ 8–11

53. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 45–8

54. Konyalı, Ankara Camileri 13–14

55. Mantran, ‘De la titulature’ 209–10

56. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 18–216

57. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 58–66

58. Mélikoff, art. Ewrenos Oghulları, EI2 II.720

59. Kiel, ‘The Oldest Monuments’ 117ff; Kiel, ‘Observations on the History’ 426–8; Kiel, ‘Yenice-i Vardar’ 300ff

60. Charanis, ‘The Strife among the Palaeologi and the Ottoman Turks’ 294–305

61. Kiel, ‘Observations on the History’ 429–32

62. Ménage, art. Djandarlı EI2 II.444

63. Reinert, ‘From Niš to Kosovo Polje’ 184, 191–4, 206, 209–11; Kiel, ‘Mevlana Neşrī’ 167–8

64. Reinert, ‘From Niš to Kosovo Polje’ 205–6

65. Reinert, ‘A Byzantine Source’ 252, 253

66. Luttrell, ‘Latin Responses’ 134

67. Reinert, ‘A Byzantine Source’ 269–72

Chapter Two: A dynasty divided

1. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 29

2. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 141–2

3. Zachariadou, ‘From Avlonya to Antalya’ 231

4. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 40

5. Dennis, The Letters of Manuel II Palaeologus 44–6

6. Barker, Manuel II Palaeologus 112

7. Chrysostomides, Manuel II Palaeologus 136

8. Zachariadou, ‘Marginalia on the History of Epirus and Albania’ 195ff; Loenertz, ‘Pour l’histoire du Péloponnèse’ 186–96

9. İnalcık, review of Barker, Manuel II Palaeologus 277–8

10. Fodor, ‘The View of the Turk’ 71–127

11. Housley, The Later Crusades 74–7

12. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 5–6

13. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant I.359–69

14. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 8

15. Rypka, art. Burhān al-Dīn, EI2 I.1327

16. Zachariadou, ‘Manuel II Palaeologos’ 475–6

17. Nicol, ‘A Byzantine Emperor in England’ 214

18. Nicol, ‘A Byzantine Emperor in England’ 204ff

19. İnalcık, ‘Periods in Ottoman History’ 21

20. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur 35–8, 41–7

21. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 21

22. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur viii, 36, 68, 70, 112–15; Ménage, art. Devshirme, EI2 II.210–11; Imber, The Ottoman Empire 54

23. Alexandrescu-Dersca, La campagne de Timur 129–30

24. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 21

25. Yınanç, art. Bayezid I (Yıldırım), İA 2.386

26. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 26–9

27. Imber, ‘Paul Wittek’s “De la défaite d’Ankara”’ 73

28. Zachariadou, ‘Süleyman çelebi in Rumili’ 269

29. Köprülü, ‘Yıldırım Beyazid’in esareti’ 591ff

30. Schiltberger, The Bondage and Travels 21

31. Yinanç, art. Bayezid I (Yıldırım), İA 2.388–9

32. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 464–9

33. Doukas, Decline and Fall 115

34. Denny et al., Court and Conquest 6–9

35. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Çandarlı Zâde Ali Paşa Vakfiyesi’ 559–60

36. Necipoğlu, ‘Ottoman Merchants in Constantinople’ 158–9

37. Zachariadou, ‘Süleyman çelebi in Rumili’ 274–83

38. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 141

39. Zachariadou, ‘Süleyman çelebi in Rumili’ 283–91

40. Imber, art. Mūsā Čelebi EI2 VII.644–5

41. Imber, art. Mūsā Čelebi EI2 VII.644–5

42. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VI.975

43. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.710–11

44. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VII.976

45. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’ 57

46. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VII.976

47. İnalcık, art. Mehemmed I, EI2 VII.976

48. Balivet, ‘Deux partisans’ 376–7

49. Tietze, ‘Sheykh Bali Efendi’s Report’ 115ff

50. Göksu and Timms, Romantic Communist 127–31

51. Doukas, Decline and Fall 132

52. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.711; Heywood, ‘824/“8224” = 1421: the “False” (Düzme) Mustafa’ 165

53. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.711

54. Heywood, art. Mustafā, EI2 VII.712–13

55. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’ 60

56. Kafadar, ‘Osmān Beg and his Uncle’ 157ff

57. Ayverdi,. . . Osmanlı Mi’mârîsinin İlk Devri 49–56, 104, 110–11

58. Kafadar, Between Two Worlds 136

59. İnalcık, ‘The Conquest of Edirne’ 204–5

60. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’, 40–41, 47

61. Heywood, ‘824/“8224” = 1421: the “False” (Düzme) Mustafa’ 174

62. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 98

63. Vryonis, ‘The Ottoman Conquest of Thessaloniki’ 281ff; Kiel, ‘Notes on the History’ 124–7

64. İnalcık, Hicrî 835 Tarihli

65. Kiel, Ottoman Architecture in Albania 18–19

66. Sümer, art. Karāmān-oghulları EI2 IV.624

67. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman Succession’ 44–6

68. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 23–4

69. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.86

70. İnalcık. ‘1444 Buhranı’ 1ff

71. İnalcık, ‘Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in’ 55ff

72. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 100–109

73. İnalcık, ‘1444 Buhranı’ 37–8

74. İnalcık and Oğuz, Gazavât-i Sultân Murâd 37–9

75. Pamuk, A Monetary History 40, 47–58

76. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 92–6

77. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 90–93, 96

78. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 105

Chapter Three: An imperial vision

1. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul: an Islamic City’ 249

2. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 123

3. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 51–2

4. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 90–91

5. İnalcık, ‘Istanbul: an Islamic City’ 249

6. Özgüven, ‘Barut ve Tabya’ 60–77

7. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 57–61

8. Tursun Bey, Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth 55–6; Vatin, ‘Tursun Beg assista-t-il au siège’ 317ff

9. İnalcık, ‘Eyüp Projesi’ 1–2

10. Nicol, The Immortal Emperor 82, 92–4

11. Doukas, Decline and Fall 232

12. Köprülü and Uzun, art. Akşemseddin, İA2 2.300

13. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 197, 202–4

14. Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi, Vak’anüvîs Ahmed Lûtf î Efendi Tarihi 5.883

15. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 211–13, 217–18, 221

16. Malalas, The Chronicle 287

17. Yerasimos, ‘Ağaçtan Elmaya’ 304–12

18. Raby, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’ 141ff, 142

19. İnalcık, ‘Istanbul: an Islamic City’ 252

20. Yerasimos, La fondation de Constantinople; İnalcık, ‘Istanbul: an Islamic City’ 249–50

21. Necipoğlu, ‘Dynastic Imprints’ 2.25

22. Yılmaz, art. Yedikule Hisarı ve Zindanı, İst. Ansik. 7.460–61

23. İnalcık, ‘The Hub of the City’ 4, 11

24. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 4–6

25. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 242–50

26. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 15–22, 251

27. Özcan, ‘Fâtih’in teşkilât kānûnnâmesi’ 29–56

28. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 22

29. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 212–17

30. Kafescioğlu, ‘Heavenly and Unblessed’ 212

31. Lowry, ‘“From Lesser Wars”’ 325

32. İnalcık, ‘The Policy of Mehmed II’ 237–8

33. İnalcık, art. Istanbul, EI2 IV.238–9

34. İnalcık, ‘The Policy of Mehmed II’ 237

35. İnalcık, art. Istanbul, EI2 IV.230–33

36. İnalcık, ‘Ottoman Galata’ 280–82

37. Mitler, ‘The Genoese in Galata’ 74

38. Words by Jimmy Kennedy; music by Nat Simon

39. Housley, The Later Crusades 99ff

40. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Entry’ 9

41. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 162

42. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars 12–14

43. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 73–98, 108, 121–8

44. İnalcık, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’ 102–3

45. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 140–43

46. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 146–50, 157–60

47. Babinger, Mehmed the Conqueror 222

48. Šabanović, art. Hersek-zāde, EI2 III.340–42

49. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 30, 294

50. Mihalović, Memoirs of a Janissary 117–19

51. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 30

52. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 86–90

53. Raby, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’s Greek Scriptorium’ 24

54. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.249–52

55. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 155–7, 212–13

56. İnalcık, art. Iskender Beg, EI2 IV.138–40; Kiel, Ottoman Architecture 108–37

57. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 106

58. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 109–14

59. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 114

60. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 198

61. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 112–16, 124

62. İnalcık, art. Mehmed II, İA 7.514

63. Sourdel, art. Khalīfa, EI2 IV.945

64. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 128

65. Imber, ‘The Ottoman Dynastic Myth’ 19

66. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 209

67. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 120, 130

68. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 131–4

69. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 134, 137

70. Kiel, art. Gedik Ahmed Paşa İA2 13.543

71. Bostan, Osmanlı Bahriye Teşkilâtı 14

72. İnalcık, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’ 108

73. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars 8–12

74. Fisher, The Crimean Tatars 11–12

75. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 27–31

76. Murphey, Ottoman Warfare 35; Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 51–4

77. Tursun Bey, Târîh-i Ebü’l-Feth 180

78. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.343–5

79. Turan, ‘Fatih’in İtalya Seferi’ 140

80. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘La mort de Mehmed II’ 187–90

81. Özcan, ‘Fâtih’in teşkilât kānûnnâmesi’ 46

82. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 218–28, 236–40

83. İnalcık,. . . The Customs Registers of Caffa 121–4

84. Berindei, ‘Le role des fourrures’ 89–92

85. Fisher, ‘Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade’ 31–4

86. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 23–37

87. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 193–4

88. Vryonis, ‘Laonicus Chalcocondyles’ 423ff

89. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 88

90. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 120–31

91. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 126–7

92. Özel, ‘Limits of the Almighty’ 242–3

93. Pamuk, A Monetary History 48

94. Özcan, art. Devşirme, İA2 9.255

95. Demetriades, ‘Some Thoughts’ 29

96. Mélikoff, art. Ewrenos Oghulları, EI2 II.721

97. Kiel, ‘Das türkische Thessalien’ 150–51

98. Babinger, art. Mīkhāl-oghlu, EI2 VII.34

99. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 141

100. İnalcık, ‘İstanbul’un Fethinden Önce’ 124–7

101. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 63–7

102. Babinger, ‘Bajezid Osman’ 349ff

103. Kafescioğlu, ‘Heavenly and Unblessed’ 211–12, 217

104. Özcan, art. Cülûs, İA2 8.110

105. İnalcık, art. Mehmed II İA 7.512

106. de Groot, art. Mehmed Pasha Karamāni, EI2 VI.995–6

107. İnalcık, ‘Suleiman the Lawgiver’ 109

108. Özel, ‘Limits of the Almighty’ 226–7

109. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 63

110. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 63, 101, 116ff

111. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 199

112. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 329–33

113. İnalcık, ‘The Policy of Mehmed II’ 240–47

114. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 173–81; Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 116

115. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in’ 719ff; cf. Stavrides, The Sultan of Vezirs 344–52

116. Sagundino, ‘Orazione al serenissimo principe’ 131–3

117. Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror 3

118. Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror 181

119. Raby, ‘Mehmed the Conqueror’s Greek Scriptorium’ 18, 21

Chapter Four: Sultan of the faithful

1. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 19–67

2. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques des sultans ottomans’ 217

3. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘La mort de Mehmed II’ 193–9

4. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘Dynastic Imprints’ 2.26–7

5. Kreiser, ‘Istanbul, die wahre Stadt’ 2.20

6. Vatin, Sultan Djem 18

7. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 25, 30–34

8. Vatin, Sultan Djem 128

9. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 34–5

10. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 47

11. Vatin, Sultan Djem 130–41

12. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Otranto’nun zaptından sonra’ 595ff

13. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 189

14. Vatin, Sultan Djem 30–31, 142–3

15. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 161–3

16. Vatin, Sultan Djem 19

17. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry 2.75

18. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de Jérusalem 161–72, 174–8

19. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry 2.77

20. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Değerli Vezir Gedik Ahmet Paşa’ 495

21. Uzunçarşılı, ‘Otranto’nun zaptından sonra’ 595ff

22. Vatin, Sultan Djem 25–6

23. Vatin, ‘Itinéraires d’agents de la Porte’ 29ff

24. Ménage, ‘The Mission of an Ottoman Secret Agent’ 118

25. Ménage, ‘The Mission of an Ottoman Secret Agent’ 118–19, 127

26. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 209–10

27. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 211, 218–19

28. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 222

29. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 188

30. Vatin, Sultan Djem 38, 42

31. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 212–16

32. Vatin, Sultan Djem 49

33. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 220

34. Vatin, Sultan Djem 206–7

35. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 223

36. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.422–4

37. İnalcık, ‘Ottoman Galata’ 325

38. Kiel, ‘Notes on the History’ 142

39. Housley, The Later Crusades 303–4

40. Benbassa and Rodrigue, Sephardi Jewry 7

41. Levy, The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire 4, 11

42. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.447–8

43. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.456

44. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.454–7, 467–81

45. Imber, ‘A Note on “Christian” Preachers’ 60–64

46. Vatin, ‘Macabre trafic’ 231ff

47. Conway Morris, Jem

48. Fodor and Dávid, ‘Hungarian-Ottoman Peace Negotiations’ 13–14

49. Vatin, Sultan Djem 142

50. Sümer, art. Karāmān-oghulları EI2 IV.624

51. Har-El, Struggle for Domination 124–7

52. Tekindag, ‘II. Bayezid Devrinde Cukur-Ova’da Nüfuz Mücâdelesi’ 348

53. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 99–100

54. Har-El, Struggle for Domination 141–2

55. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 121–3

56. Tekindağ, ‘II. Bayezid Devrinde Çukur-Ova’da Nüfuz Mücâdelesi’ 361–2

57. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 207–8

58. Tekindag, ‘II. Bayezid Devrinde Çukur-Ova’da Nüfuz Mücâdelesi’ 361–8

59. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 113–15

60. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.514–17

61. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.514, 520–22

62. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant II.514, 524–32, 538

63. Tansel, ‘Yeni vesikalar karşısında Sultan İkinci Bayezit’ 204

64. Brummett, Ottoman Seapower 92–5

65. Brummett, Ottoman Seapower 111–17; Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 294ff

66. Nasr, art. Ithnā ‘Asharriya, EI2 IV.277

67. Morgan, Medieval Persia 108

68. Morgan, Medieval Persia 109

69. Allouche, The Origins and Development 41–6

70. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 236

71. Beldiceanu-Steinherr, ‘Le règne de Selīm Ier’ 41

72. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 231, 235

73. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 17

74. Walsh, ‘The Historiography of Ottoman–Safavid Relations’ 208

75. Mélikoff, ‘Le problème kızılbaş’ 50

76. Allouche, The Origins and Development 155–6

77. Mélikoff, ‘Le problème kızılbaş’ 50, 51

78. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 18

79. Martin, ‘A Short History of the Khalwati’ 277–82

80. Allouche, The Origins and Development 86–8

81. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 21–3

82. Allouche, The Origins and Development 80–81

83. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 245

84. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 7

85. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 24

86. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.75

87. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 25

88. Tansel, Sultan II. Bâyezit’in Siyasî Hayatı 248

89. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.61–3

90. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 25–6

91. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.65

92. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/3.34ff

93. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/4.55

94. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/4.55–6

95. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.68–74

96. Tekindağ, ‘Şah Kulu Baba Tekeli İsyanı’ 1/4.58

97. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 18

98. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.77

99. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.85

100. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.82–6

101. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VI/9.86–90

102. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.117–20

103. İnalcık, ‘A Case Study in Renaissance Diplomacy’ 218; Sebastian, ‘Ottoman Government Officials’ 326

104. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.121–6

105. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.125–6, VIII/11–12.185–6

106. Ocak, ‘Quelques remarques’ 74–5

107. cf. Kiel, art. Dimetoka, İA2 9.305–8

108. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.131–7

109. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.137–42

110. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 36–7

111. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VIII/11–12.191–7

112. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VIII/11–12.188–90

113. Uzunçarşılı, ‘II nci Bayezid’in oğullarından Sultan Korkut’ 585–90

114. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.142, VIII/11–12.191–200

115. Uluçay, ‘Yavuz Sultan Selim’ VII/10.123, 127–31

116. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 45; Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 115; Fodor and Dávid, ‘Hungarian–Ottoman Peace Negotiations’ 37–8

117. Khadduri, art. Harb, EI2 III.180

118. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 51–2; cf. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 54–5, docts I, I/a

119. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 55, 77–8

120. Walsh, ‘The Historiography of Ottoman–Safavid Relations’ 204–5, 207

121. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 7

122. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 56

123. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes et documents sur la révolte’ 5ff

124. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes sur le blocus’ 68ff; Bacqué-Grammont, ‘Notes sur une saisie de soie’ 245

125. Tekindağ, ‘. . . Yavuz Sultan Selim’in İran Seferi’ 63–9; Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 45–9, 146ff; Varlık, art. Çaldıran Savaşı, İA2 8.193–4

126. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 37

127. Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim 73–4, 80–81, 101–7

128. Beldiceanu-Steinherr and Bacqué-Grammont, ‘A propos de quelques causes’ 76–81

129. Beldiceanu-Steinherr and Bacqué-Grammont, ‘A propos de quelques causes’ 77

130. İnalcık, ‘Suleiman the Lawgiver’ 127

131. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 75–6, 82–3, 87

132. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 74, 128–45

133. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 189–93

134. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 194–5

135. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 191, 195–7

136. Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 213–14

137. Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim 135–9; Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 195

138. Tansel, Yavuz Sultan Selim 118, 145, 147ff

139. Lowry, The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 96

140. Sourdel, art. Khalīfa, EI2 IV.945

141. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes sur le blocus’ 79–84

142. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 225–8, 231–4

143. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.175–80

144. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.183ff

145. Jennings, Christians and Muslims 4

146. Fodor and Dávid, ‘Hungarian–Ottoman Peace Negotiations’ 9

147. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 115

148. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘. . . Notes et documents sur la révolte’ 5ff, 26–7

149. Gibb, Ottoman Poems 33

150. Allouche, The Origins and Development 86–7

151. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomanes, les Safavides 274

Chapter Five: Possessor of the kingdoms of the world

1. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 75

2. Fisher, ‘The Life and Family’ 2

3. İnalcık, ‘Suleiman the Lawgiver’ 110

4. Sourdel, art. Khalīfa, EI2 IV.945

5. Kafadar, ‘The Myth of the Golden Age’ 40–41

6. Fisher, ‘The Life and Family’ 3

7. Fleischer, ‘The Lawgiver as Messiah’ 159ff

8. Housley, The Later Crusades 311

9. Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier 40, 103

10. Sen, ‘East and West’ 33

11. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 225

12. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘The Eastern Policy’ 222–3

13. Emecen, ‘The History of an Early Sixteenth Century Migration’ 77ff

14. Vatin, ‘La conquête de Rhodes’ 447–8, 454

15. Housley, The Later Crusades 230

16. Vatin, L’Ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem 374

17. Abou-el Haj, ‘Aspects of the Legitimation’ 371ff

18. Bacqué-Grammont, Les Ottomans, les Safavides 292–3

19. Behrens-Abouseif, Egypt’s Adjustment 38–41

20. Murphey, ‘Frontiers of Authority’ 3

21. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 319–25; Özbaran, ‘A Turkish Report’ 99ff

22. Soucek, art. Pīrī Re’is, EI2 VIII.308–9

23. Özbaran, ‘Ottoman Naval Policy’ 61

24. Özbaran, ‘The Ottomans in Confrontation’ 96

25. Ingrao, The Habsburg Monarchy 4–5

26. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.238, 245–6

27. Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 285–93

28. Rogers, ‘The Arts under Süleymân the Magnificent’ 259–60; Rogers, The Topkapı Saray Museum 13

29. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.314

30. Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 296

31. Barta, ‘A Forgotten Theatre of War’ 105, 109, 122–3; Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 296–8

32. Fodor, ‘Ottoman Policy towards Hungary’ 299

33. Housley, The Later Crusades 131–2

34. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘Ubaydu-llah han de Boukhara’ 485ff

35. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘The Eastern Policy’ 227–8

36. Braune, art. ‘Abd al-Kādir al-Djīlānī, EI2 I.69–70

37. Streck and Dixon, art. Kāzimayn, EI2 IV.855

38. Gökbilgin, ‘Venedik Devlet Arşivindeki’ 111–13

39. Murphey, ‘Süleyman’s Eastern Policy’ 244

40. Housley, The Later Crusades 304–8

41. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.359

42. İnalcık, art. Imtiyāzāt, EI2 III.1183; Matuz, ‘À propos de la validité’ 183ff

43. Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 161

44. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant III.431; Necipoğlu, ‘Süleymân the Magnificent’ 175

45. Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 163–8

46. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation 72–3; Harrison, art. Diū, EI2 II.322; Orhonlu, art. Khādım Süleymān Pasha, EI2 IV.901

47. Özbaran, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Hindistan yolu’ 98–101; Özbaran, ‘Ottoman Naval Policy’ 61–3

48. İnalcık, The Ottoman Empire 41

49. Dávid, ‘Administration in Ottoman Europe’ 88–9

50. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 74

51. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 23, 79–84, 96–110

52. Gilles, The Antiquities of Constantinople 22

53. Valensi, The Birth of the Despot 37, 46; Fodor, ‘The View of the Turk’ 83–4

54. Necipoğlu, ‘Süleymân the Magnificent’ 163ff

55. Gökbilgin, art. İbrahim Paşa, İA 5/II.909

56. İnalcık, ‘Sultan Süleymân: the Man’ 93

57. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 74; Necipoğlu, ‘Süleymân the Magnificent’ 182

58. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 62

59. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 59

60. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 59–61

61. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 38–9, 42–3, 44; Schick, ‘Gynaeceum and Power’ 151–3

62. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 162–3

63. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 64

64. Hegyi, ‘The Ottoman Military Force’ 133; Veinstein, art. Sokullu Mehmed Pasha, EI2 IX.707

65. Ágoston, ‘Limits of Imperial Authority’; Ágoston, ‘A Flexible Empire’ 24–6

66. Walsh, ‘The Revolt of Alqās Mīrzâ’ 75–8; Savory, art. Alkās Mīrzā, EI2 I.406; Murphey, ‘Süleymân’s Eastern Policy’ 245

67. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 74–5

68. Williams, ‘Mediterranean Conflict’ 49, 52–3

69. Özbaran, ‘The Ottoman Turks and the Portuguese’ 125–32

70. Özbaran, ‘Bahrain in 1559’ 179ff; Özbaran, ‘The Ottoman Turks and the Portuguese’ 138, 140

71. Alexander, ‘The Turks on the Middle Nile’ 15–16; Özbaran, ‘A Turkish Report’ 108–9; Ménage, ‘The Ottomans and Nubia’ 143–4; Özbaran, ‘The Ottomans in East Africa’ 193, 195

72. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 327–31, 345–6

73. İnalcık, ‘Power Relationships’ 182–3

74. İnalcık, ‘The Ottoman State’ 278–80; Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier 40, 103

75. Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier 104–10, 191

76. Bostan, Osmanlı Bahriye Teşkilâtı 18

77. Necipoğlu, ‘A Kânûn for the State’ 198

78. Flemming, ‘Public Opinion under Sultan Süleymân’ 54; Turan, Kanunî’nin Oğlu Şehzâde Bayezid 24ff

79. Forster, The Turkish Letters 81–3; Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 115–16

80. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 118–22

81. Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 284–6

82. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 123–5, 126–30

83. Turan, Kanunî’nin Oğlu Şehzâde Bayezid 205

84. Kappert, Die osmanischen Prinzen 140–49; Turan, Kanunî’nin Oğlu Şehzâde Bayezid 148–57

85. Bacqué-Grammont, ‘Un rapport inédit’ 156ff; Ocak, ‘Quelques remarques’ 73–4

86. Imber, ‘A Note on “Christian” Preachers’ 65; Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 234–6

87. Ocak, ‘Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman devrinde’ 49ff; Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 236–8

88. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 8; Imber, ‘The Persecution of the Ottoman Shī‘ites’ 271; Repp, The Müfti of Istanbul 237–8

89. Gökbilgin, ‘Rüstem Paşa’ 10ff

90. Yerasimos, ‘Sinan and his Patrons’ 214, 215

91. Necipoğlu, ‘A Kânûn for the State’ 195ff

92. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 92ff

93. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 103–6; Imber, ‘Süleymân as Caliph’ 179ff

94. Imber, ‘The Ottoman Dynastic Myth’ 12, 23–4

95. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 24, 30–32, 35–6

96. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 199

97. Zilfi, ‘Sultan Süleymân’ 109ff; Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council, Grand Vizier’ 77

98. Behrens-Abouseif, Egypt’s Adjustment 38

99. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 217–18

100. Fleischer, ‘The Lawgiver as Messiah’ 173

101. Woodhead, ‘An Experiment in Official Historiography’ 159–60, 172

102. Gibb, Ottoman Poems 43

103. Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council, Grand Vizier’ 79–80; Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 102

104. Necipoğlu, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 113

105. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 199–200

106. Singer, Constructing Ottoman Beneficence 46–7

107. St Laurent and Riedlmayer, ‘Restorations of Jerusalem’ 77

108. Faroqhi, Pilgrims and Sultans 28, 100–101, 103–5, 108

109. Peri, Christianity under Islam 179

110. Chesnau, Le Voyage de Monsieur d’Aramon 118–19

111. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 223–4

112. Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council, Grand Vizier’ 80–81

113. Fisher, ‘The Life and Family’ 6

114. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.35–9

Chapter Six: The sedentary sultan

1. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.40, 42, 43–4, 46

2. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.39, 46–8

3. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques’ 222–5, 230, 233–42

4. Vatin, ‘Aux origines du pèlerinage’ 92, 95–9

5. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.50–56

6. Woodhead, art. Selīm II, EI2 IX.131

7. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.84

8. Veinstein, art. Sokullu Mehmed Pasha, EI2 IX.706–11

9. Blackburn, art. Özdemir Pasha, EI2 VIII.235

10. Blackburn, ‘Two Documents’ 223ff

11. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 45–54; Smith, Lightning over Yemen

12. BOA/Mühimme Defteri vol. 7 no. 721

13. Khodarkovsky, ‘Of Christianity, Enlightenment and Colonialism’ 395

14. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 13

15. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 7ff

16. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 7ff

17. Kurat, ‘The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan’ 7ff

18. Bennigsen, ‘L’expédition turque contre Astrakhan’ 441–4

19. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 87–90

20. İnalcık, ‘Ottoman Galata’ 326

21. Jennings, Christians and Muslims 11–12

22. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 84–5; Fotić, ‘The Official Explanations’ 33ff

23. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 85

24. Imber, Ebu’s-su‘ud 159–62; Fotić, ‘The Official Explanations’ 33ff

25. Danişmend, İzahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi 2.439

26. İnalcık, ‘Lepanto in the Ottoman Documents’ 185ff

27. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant IV.1052–9

28. Soucek, art. ‘Ulūdj ‘Ali, EI2 X.811

29. Lesure, ‘Notes et documents’ 134ff

30. Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 174, 490–95 (Ottoman text of treaty)

31. Roth, The House of Nasi 17, 41, 46–8, 142, 145

32. Zarinebaf-Shahr, ‘Qızılbash “Heresy”’ 9–13

33. Jennings, Christians and Muslims 212–39

34. Hess, ‘The Moriscos’ 17–21

35. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 95

36. Osman, Edirne Sarayı 18

37. Wortley Montagu, The Turkish Embassy Letters 96

38. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 3.246

39. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques’ 230–31

40. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 113

41. Necipoğlu, ‘Challenging the Past’ 175–6

42. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 205–7

43. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 207–8

44. Faroqhi, Pilgrims and Sultans 101–2

45. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 261

46. Vatin and Veinstein, ‘Les obsèques’ 226

47. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 208

48. Austin, Domenico’s Istanbul 37

49. Fodor, ‘The Grand Vizieral Telhis’ 137, 154–63

50. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 46, 56

51. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 164

52. Arbel, ‘Nur Banu’ 241ff

53. Soranzo, ‘Relazione e Diario’ 237

54. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 126, 188

55. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 164–75

56. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 121, 259

57. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 174

58. Ahmed Resmî Efendi, Hamîletü’l-Küberâ 44–5

59. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 295

60. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 156

61. de Groot, art. Murād III, EI2 VII.596

62. Flemming, art. Khōdja Efendi, EI2 V.27, 29

63. Gökbilgin, ‘Kara Üveys Paşa’nın Budin Beylerbeyliği’ 18ff

64. Winter, ‘Ottoman Egypt’ 17

65. Clayer, Mystiques, état et société 84, 107–11

66. Hess, The Forgotten Frontier 95–9

67. Murphey, ‘Frontiers of Authority’ 28

68. Özbaran, ‘Ottoman Naval Policy’ 69

69. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 76–9

70. Kortepeter, Ottoman Imperialism 51–61

71. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 85–7

72. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 89

73. Kütükoğlu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 113ff

74. Kortepeter, Ottoman Imperialism 55, 68–70

75. Kortepeter, Ottoman Imperialism 85–90

76. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.190–91

77. Parry, art. Čighāla-zāde (Yūsuf) Sinān Pasha, EI2 II.33–4

78. Khodarkovsky, ‘Of Christianity, Enlightenment and Colonialism’ 406, 409

79. Rothenburg, The Austrian Military Border 40–56

80. Rothenburg, The Austrian Military Border 56–8

81. Fodor, ‘Between Two Continental Wars’ 90ff

82. Fodor, ‘Between Two Continental Wars’ 92

83. Ágoston, ‘Habsburgs and Ottomans’ 131–6; Hegyi, ‘The Ottoman Military Force’ 134–6

84. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 2.548–9

85. Schmidt, ‘The Egri Campaign’ 125ff

86. Glover, ‘The Journey of Edward Barton Esquire’ 318

87. Finkel, The Administration of Warfare 17

88. Bayerle, ‘The Compromise at Zsitvatorok’ 5ff

89. Pamuk, A Monetary History 122–3, 131

90. Parrott, ‘The Ottoman Conflict’ 76

91. Kafadar, ‘Les troubles monétaires’ 386, 387

92. Terzioğlu, ‘The Imperial Circumcision’ 85, 88

93. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 2.716

94. Murphey, Ottoman Warfare 45

95. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 83–5, 122, 128–53

96. Salibi, art. Fakhr al-Dīn, EI2 II.750–51

97. Winter, ‘Ottoman Egypt’ 17–20

98. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.225

99. Fodor, ‘Between Two Continental Wars’ 96

100. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 1.222

101. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 49

102. Beldiceanu-Steinherr and Bacqué-Grammont, ‘A propos de quelques causes’ 82

103. Cook, Population Pressure 36

104. Imber, ‘The Persecution’ 245ff, 246

105. Imber, ‘The Persecution’ 251–4

106. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 24–34; Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 124

107. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 34–44

108. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 44–6

109. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.275

110. Akdağ, Celali İsyanları 250–57

111. Veinstein, ‘L’occupation ottomane d’Očakov’ 128–55; Veinstein, ‘Prélude au problème cosaque’ 329ff

112. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 45–9

113. Burian, The Report of Lello 23

114. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 55

115. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 54–6

116. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 168–80

117. Andreasyan, ‘Bir Ermeni kaynağına göre’ 41

118. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 182

119. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 182–97

120. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.969–73

121. Griswold, The Great Anatolian Rebellion 203–8

122. Andreasyan, ‘Celâlilerden Kaçan Anadolu Halkının’ 45–9

123. Morgan, Medieval Persia 134–7

124. Kütükoğlu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 246–59

125. Kütükoğlu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 259–74

126. Kütükoglu, Osmanlı-İran Siyâsî Münâsebetleri 276–8

127. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1081–3, 1087–94

128. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1155

129. Fleischer, ‘Royal Authority’ 206, 209–10, 212–13

130. Elliott, Richelieu and Olivares 34

131. Fodor, ‘Sultan, Imperial Council’ 78

132. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 168–72

133. Abou-El-Haj, Formation of the Modern State 38

134. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 238

135. Finkel, The Administration of Warfare 36–7

136. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 238

137. Sayılı, The Observatory in Islam 289–305

138. Fleischer, Bureaucrat and Intellectual 160

139. İnalcık, art. Kānūnnāme, EI2 IV.566

140. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 105–9, 116–24

141. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 125–6, 349

142. Fodor, ‘An Anti-Semite Grand Vizier?’ 192

143. Fodor, ‘An Anti-Semite Grand Vizier?’ 196–9

144. Thys-Şenocak, ‘The Yeni Valide Mosque Complex’ 63–4

145. Selânikî Mustafa Efendi, Tarih-i Selânikî 2.761

146. Eyice, art. Fethiye Camii, İst. Ansik. 3.300

147. Heyd, Ottoman Documents on Palestine 175

148. Kiel, ‘Notes on the History’ 146–7, 148b

149. Schreiner, ‘John Malaxos’ 203ff

150. Necipoğlu, ‘The Life of an Imperial Monument’ 210–20

151. Necipoğlu-Kafadar, ‘The Süleymaniye Complex’ 113

152. Crane, ‘The Ottoman Sultan’s Mosques’ 204

153. Avcıoğlu, ‘Ahmed I and the Allegories of Tyranny’ 218–23

154. Woodhead, ‘An Experiment’ 157ff

155. Raby, ‘From Europe to Istanbul’ 150–63; Çağman, ‘Portrait Series’ 164–87; Necipoğlu, ‘A Period’ 202–7; Bağcı, ‘The Spread’ 216–19; Mahir, ‘Portraits’ 298–307

156. Mahir, ‘Portraits’ 299–301

157. Decei, art. Hotin, İA 5/1.568

Chapter Seven: Government by faction

1. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 99

2. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 1.385

3. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 232

4. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 131–3

5. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.361

6. Tezcan, ‘Searching for Osman’ 172–4

7. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.371

8. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 129–31

9. Ostapchuk, ‘An Ottoman Gazānāme’ 488

10. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.375

11. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.374–5

12. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 35

13. Ostapchuk, ‘An Ottoman Gazānāme’ 490–91

14. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 376–87

15. Yücel, ‘Yeni Bulunan II. Osman Adına’ 313ff

16. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.9–12

17. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.380–81

18. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.381–2

19. Hüseyin Tuği, Tuği Tarihi 498

20. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.383–5

21. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.385–8

22. Hüseyin Tuği, Tuği Tarihi 493–4, 502

23. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 99–101

24. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.391

25. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebî, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.499–500

26. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 132–5

27. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.389–90

28. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.35–6

29. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 135

30. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebî, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.511–12

31. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 191, 264

32. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatu´l-Hüseyn 2.229

33. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1208–9

34. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.391–3

35. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.401

36. Parry, art. Hāfiz Ahmed Pasha, EI2 III.58

37. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1275–80

38. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1228–49

39. de Groot, art. Khalīl Pasha Kaysariyyeli, EI2 IV.971

40. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebî, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.519–20

41. de Groot, art. Khalīl Pasha Kaysariyyeli, EI2 IV.971

42. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah ‘Abbas 2.1238–9, 1286–7, 1298–9

43. İnalcık and Repp, art. Khosrew Pasha, EI2 V.33–4

44. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.139

45. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 244–5

46. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.420

47. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.139–40

48. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.422–3

49. İnalcık and Repp, art. Khosrew Pasha, EI2 V.34

50. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 138–9, 140–41

51. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.96–7

52. Andreasyan, ‘Abaza Mehmed Paşa’ 131, 142

53. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 244–5

54. Abu-El-Haj, ‘Fitnah, Huruc ala al-Sultan and Nasihat’ 185ff

55. Fodor, ‘State and Society’ 231–3

56. Peçevî İbrahim Efendi, Tarîh-i Peçevî 2.427–8; Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.144–7

57. Murphey, ‘The Veliyyuddin Telhis’ 554–5

58. Howard, ‘The Ottoman Timar System’ 211, 214–15, 223

59. Murphey, ‘An Ottoman View’ 333–4

60. Andreasyan, ‘Celâlilerden Kaçan Anadolu Halkının’ 49–53

61. Murphey, Regional Structure

62. İnalcık, ‘Tax Collection’ 335–9; Salibi, art. Fakhr al-Dīn, EI2. II.751

63. Thomas, A Study of Naima 140–45

64. Brouwer, ‘A Stockless Anchor’ 173–5

65. Yılmaz, ‘Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Tütün Tarımı’

66. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 152–4

67. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.155

68. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.154–5

69. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 260–61

70. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 257–8

71. Clayer, Mystiques, état et société 66

72. Kafadar, ‘Eyüp’te Kılıç Kuşanma Törenleri’ 59

73. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 140

74. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 258

75. İpşirli, art. Ahîzâde Hüseyin Efendi, İA2 1.548–9

76. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 114

77. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.151, 153–4

78. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.160–61

79. Murphey, ‘An Ottoman View’ 331

80. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.164–5

81. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.208

82. Tavernier, Les six voyages 1.36

83. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.186

84. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.190–91

85. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.217–317

86. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.205

87. Faroqhi, Pilgrims and Sultans 113–20

88. Decei and Gökbilgin, art. Erdel, EI2 II.704

89. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 81, 157

90. Faroqhi, ‘The Venetian Presence’ 321–2

91. Ostapchuk, ‘An Ottoman Gazānāme’ 492–3

92. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 27ff

93. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 79

94. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 79

95. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 62ff

96. Ostapchuk, ‘The Human Landscape’ 44, 50–58

97. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 62, 68, 72–3, 113–16

98. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 82

99. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 28

100. Ostapchuk, ‘The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier’ 149–64

101. Ostapchuk, ‘Five Documents’ 90–91

102. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.4, 5–6

103. Fuller, Strategy and Power 1–14

104. İnalcık, ‘Power Relationships’ 198–9

105. Faroqhi, ‘The Venetian Presence’ 320

106. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 108–10; Theunissen, ‘Ottoman–Venetian Diplomatics’ 183

Chapter Eight: Revenge of the pashas

1. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 250

2. Darling, Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy 94–6

3. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.232

4. Yücel, Es’ar Defteri

5. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.226

6. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 19v

7. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.226–8

8. Solak-zâde, Mehmed Hemdemî Çelebi, Solak-zâde Tarihi 2.556–8

9. Aktepe, art. Mehmed Paşa, İA 7.606

10. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 97–100

11. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.233–4

12. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 112–17

13. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 116

14. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.239

15. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 126

16. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.260

17. Gökbilgin, art. İbrahim, İA 5/II.883

18. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 142–3, 148–9

19. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.357

20. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 149–50

21. Goffman, Britons in the Ottoman Empire 152

22. Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus´ 8.263–6

23. Hrushevsky, History of Ukraine-Rus´ 8.266–9

24. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 27v

25. Uluçay, ‘Üç Eşkiya Türküsü’ 85ff

26. Aktepe, ‘İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ 45

27. İnalcık, art. Haydar-oghlu, EI2 III.317–18

28. Uluçay, ‘Üç Eşkiya Türküsü’ 89–90

29. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.239–40

30. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 2.192

31. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 2.198

32. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 2.231–2, 235–6, 238–40

33. Soucek, review of M. Dukanović, Rimovana autobiografija Varvari Ali-Paše 290ff

34. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 30v

35. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 264

36. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.327

37. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 30v–31r

38. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.329

39. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.330

40. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 32r

41. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 251

42. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 251

43. Hasan Vecîhî, ‘Vecîhî Ta’rîhi’ 32v–34r

44. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 7–8, 14–15

45. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.408

46. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 15–16

47. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 16

48. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.412–13

49. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 16–17

50. Orhonlu, art. Kātırdjı-oghlı Mehmed Pasha, EI2 IV.766

51. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.413–14

52. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 4.410, 415

53. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 22

54. İpşirli, art. Derviş Mehmed Paşa, İA2 9.193–4

55. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 9

56. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 1.190, 5.89

57. Kunt, ‘Ethnic-Regional (Cins) Solidarity’ 237–8

58. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.373–4

59. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 28

60. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.98

61. Kaya, art. Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz Efendi, İA2 24.382

62. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.99

63. Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz Efendi, ‘Zeyl-i Ravzatü´l-Ebrâr’ 41v–43r

64. Karaçelebizâde Abdülaziz Efendi, ‘Zeyl-i Ravzatü´l-Ebrâr’ 43r–44r

65. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.99–102

66. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 82

67. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.103–5

68. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.107–11

69. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.102; cf. Thomas, A Study of Naima 102

70. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.114–15; cf. Thomas, A Study of Naima 101–2

71. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.118–21

72. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.122–7

73. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.130–44

74. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 32

75. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.343

76. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 36

77. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.215–21

78. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.221–2

79. Murphey, ‘Solakzade’s Treatise of 1652’ 27ff

80. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 5.271–2

81. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 107

82. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 108

83. Kunt, ‘Derviş Mehmed Paşa’ 202

84. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 107

85. Aktepe, ‘İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ 45–47

86. Aktepe, ‘İpşir Mustafa Paşa’ 47–52

87. Murphey, ‘Forms of Differentiation’ 161–2

88. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 163–4

89. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 172–82

90. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 79–80

91. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.182

92. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 8, 11–16

93. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 58–60

94. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 61–8

95. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 70–71

96. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 70–71

97. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 71–3

98. Kâtib Çelebi, Fezleke 2.225

99. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’ası’ 73

100. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 184

101. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.205

102. Andreasyan and Derin, ‘Çınar Vak’asi’ 65

103. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.206–7

104. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.207–8

Chapter Nine: Rule of the grandees

1. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.256–63; Heywood, art. Karā Mustafā Pasha, Merzifonlu EI2 IV.589–92; Köprülü, art. (‘Amūdjazāde) Husayn Pasha, EI2 III.626–7

2. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 80

3. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 74

4. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatu´l-Hüseyn 6.138

5. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatu´l-Hüseyn 6.135, 209, 212

6. Thomas, A Study of Naima 101–2

7. Kunt, ‘Naîmâ, Köprülü and the Grand Vezirate’ 62

8. Dankoff, The Intimate Life 204

9. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 258, 259–60

10. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.218–20

11. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 147

12. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 157–8

13. İlgürel, art. Hüseyin Paşa (Deli), İA2 19.6

14. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 81

15. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.237–49

16. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 87

17. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.266ff

18. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 188–9

19. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 142; Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.257–8

20. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.329

21. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 98

22. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 104

23. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.329–33, 379

24. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.333

25. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 105

26. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.335

27. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.336

28. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.336–8

29. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.338; cf. Woods, The Aqquyunlu 116–17

30. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 110–11

31. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.361–7

32. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.368–75

33. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.375–8

34. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 114, 115–16

35. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.402–5

36. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.397–401; cf. Necipoğlu, Architecture, Ceremonial and Power 151–2

37. Mustafa Na‘ima, Ravzatü´l-Hüseyn 6.407–8; Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 121

38. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 196

39. Kunt, ‘The Waqf as an Instrument’ 193–4

40. Kunt, ‘The Waqf as an Instrument’ 193, 195–6

41. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.259

42. Kopčan, ‘Einige Bemerkungen’ 163

43. Decei and Gökbilgin, art. Erdel, İA 4.303

44. Fodor, ‘The View of the Turk’ 98–9

45. Decei and Gökbilgin, art. Erdel, İA 4.303–4

46. Kopčan, ‘Ottoman Narrative Sources’ 91

47. Kopčan, ‘Ottoman Narrative Sources’ 91–3

48. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.259

49. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.29ff

50. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.36

51. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübdei Vekayiât 8–9

52. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.53ff; cf. Unat, Osmanlı Sefirleri 47–9

53. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 7.116

54. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 134–70, 141, 152, 163–4, 172

55. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.393–5

56. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.411–12

57. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 206–7

58. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.411–12; Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 194–5

59. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 206ff

60. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 220–24

61. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks 224–8; Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.513–14

62. Greene, A Shared World 50, 54, 110ff

63. Greene, A Shared World 80–81

64. Evliyâ Çelebi, Seyahatnâme 8.460–61

65. Bierman, ‘The Ottomanization of Crete’ 53ff

66. Greene, A Shared World 78ff

67. Bierman, ‘The Ottomanization of Crete’ 61–3

68. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 141–5

69. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 12–13, 19–20

70. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 21–2

71. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 6–7

72. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.574

73. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 325–8

74. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.576

75. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 329, 336, 340–44, 347–8

76. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 59–65

77. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 13, 16–17

78. Metin Kunt, oral communication

79. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 148, 494–580

80. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.648–9, 653

81. Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 149

82. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 23–4

83. Hezarfen Hüseyin Efendi, Telhîsü’l-Beyân 207–46

84. Hezarfen Hüseyin Efendi, Telhîsü’l-Beyân 208

85. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 167

86. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 107–8

87. Kolodziejczyk, The Ottoman Survey Register 60, 61

88. Zilfi, ‘The Kadızadelis’ 263–4; Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 149

89. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 142–6

90. Covel, Voyages en Turquie 88–90

91. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 132–7

92. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 157

93. Peirce, The Imperial Harem 206–7

94. Thys-Şenocak, ‘The Yeni Valide’ 66–8; Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 125–7

95. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 85–7

96. Refik, Onikinci Asr-i Hicrî’de 88–9

97. Thys-Şenocak, ‘The Yeni Valide’ 67

98. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 296

99. Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa, ‘Abdurrahman Abdi Paşa Vekâyi’nâme’si’ 215–16

100. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 304–6

101. Zilfi, The Politics of Piety 154–6

102. Baer, ‘Honored by the Glory of Islam’ 168–75, 181–91, 205ff

103. Gökbilgin and Repp, art. Köprülü, EI2 V.260–61

104. Heywood, art. Karā Mustafā Pasha, Merzifonlu, EI2 IV.589–90

105. Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 24–5

106. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 91

107. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 109

108. Defterdar Sarı Mehmed Paşa, Zübde-i Vekayiât 110, 119; Kolodziejczyk, Ottoman–Polish Diplomatic Relations 152; Ostapchuk, ‘Ukraine between’ 26

109. Kann, A History of the Habsburg Empire 72–3

110. Stoye, The Siege of Vienna 43–4

111. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.743

112. Refik, Türk Hizmetinde Kiral Tököli İmre 8–10

113. Silâhdâr Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, Silâhdâr Ta’rîhi 1.757–8