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6 . For purposes of this book, I use the definition of habit formation as the process of learning new behaviors through repetition until they become automatic. I am grateful to Dr. Stephen Wendel for pointing out the spectrum of habits. For a framework describing other automatic behaviors, see: John A. Bargh, “The Four Horsemen of Automaticity: Awareness, Intention, Efficiency, and Control in Social Cognition.” Handbook of Social Cognition , vol. 1: Basic Processes ; vol. 2: Applications (2nd ed.), eds. R. S. Wyer and T. K. Srull (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1994), 1–40.
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14 . For more on the need for social belonging, see: Susan T. Fiske, Social Beings: A Core Motives Approach to Social Psychology (Hoboken: Wiley, 2010).
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1 . For further thoughts on the morality of designing behavior, see: Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein, and John P. Balz, “Choice Architecture” (SSRN Scholarly Paper, Rochester, New York), Social Science Research Network , (April 2, 2010), http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1583509 .
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