INDEX

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Abbott, Robert Sengstacke, 21–22, 32, 86, 87

Abbott’s Monthly, 32, 36

Abernathy, Ralph, 179–80, 181, 182, 914, 203, 285, 289, 292, 294, 298, 376

Adams, Sherman, 108, 120

Adekunle, Benjamin, 305–8

AFL, 226

AFL-CIO, 219, 239, 250; Committee on Political Education, 226–27, 236; Payne at, 226–27, 231–33, 235, 236, 240

Africa, 89, 157, 199–200, 221; apartheid in, 161–62, 345, 363, 366, 368, 375; Bandung Conference and, 150, 152–59, 160–68; China and, 319–20; Ethel L. Payne Fellowship and, 387–88; Ghana, 196–99, 202, 304, 378; Kenya, 330, 348, 365; Kissinger’s trip to, 329–31, 349, 376; Namibia, 366, 367, 377–78; Nigeria, 304–8, 314; Nixon’s trip to, 196–200, 202, 220, 221, 295, 308–9; Payne’s trips to, 197–200, 304–16, 329–30, 332, 333, 345–49, 363–65, 375, 377–80; refugees in, 345–49; Somalia, 346–48; South Africa, 161, 331, 345, 363–69, 375, 377–80, 388; Zaire, 313–16, 330, 349

African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, 12, 43, 104

African National Congress, 363

Africare, 345–47, 366–67, 380

Afro-American newspapers, 304, 308, 337, 374–75, 378, 386; Baltimore Afro-American, 4, 71, 73–74, 137, 139

Agnew, Spiro, 312

Alcott, Louisa May, 30

Alexander, Clifford L., Jr., 298, 324

Alexander, Shana, 313

Algren, Nelson, 39

al-Jamali, Muhammad Fadhil, 161, 162

ANP (Associated Negro Press), 112

Associated Press, 131, 132, 199, 229

Atlanta Constitution, 320, 328, 333

Austin, George Washington, 14–15

Austin, Josephine Taylor, 14

Ayres, William H., 231

Baker, Ella, 325

Baltimore Afro-American, 4, 71, 73–74, 137, 139

Bandung Conference, 150–51, 152–59, 160–68, 172, 180, 195, 200, 304

Barnett, Claude, 112

Barnett, Ida B. Wells, 370

Barre, Mohamed Siad, 348

Barrett, Emily, 178

Barry, Marion, 376–77

Bates, Daisy, 209, 325, 351

Bell, Derrick, 382

Bethune, Mary McLeod, 103, 125, 233, 343

Bevel, James, 286

Bibbs-Booth, Rita, 351–52, 372–73, 385

Biddle, Francis, 55

Bilbo, Theodore, 137

Birmingham, Ala., 238–39

Black, Timuel, 85, 86

Black Alternatives Conference, 360

Black Betty (Mosley), 235

black colleges, 336–37, 379

Black Colleges: Roots, Reward, Renewal (Payne), 337

black power, 277, 278, 287

Black Press Corps, 380

Black Press Hall of Fame, 371

Blackstone Rangers, 287

black women, 340–41, 352

Bly, Nellie, 168, 388

Bolling, Sarah, 132, 133

Bolling, Spottswood, 132–33

Bolling v. Sharpe, 132

Bond, Julian, 296, 388–89

Booker, Simeon, 199, 202–3, 220–22, 257, 258, 311, 312

Boyd, Felicity, 385

Boyd, Patricia, 372

Bradley, Mamie, 173–76, 192

Briscoe, Sherman, 110

Brooks, Rosemarie, 248

Broun, Heywood, 92

Brown, Catherine, 338, 372

Brown, Jerry, 332

Brown, Tony, 359–60

Brownell, Herbert, Jr., 111

Brown University, 382

Brown v. Board of Education, 81, 111, 121, 129–34, 139, 141, 144, 172, 180, 191, 201, 202, 207, 208, 212, 303

Bryan, Hazel, 209

Bunche, Ralph, 198

Bunyan, Maureen, 354, 386

Burns, Robert, 101

Burton, Charles Wesley, 44

Bush, George H. W., 316

Butler, Paul, 187–88

Butterfield, Fox, 322

Byrd, Harry F., 205

Byrd, Robert, 285

Byrne, Jane, 354

Byrnes, James F., 133

Califano, Joe, 297

Campbell, Marion B., 102–3

Camp Robert Smalls, 58–59

Canady, Hortense, 368

Capital Press Club, 110–11, 127–28, 171, 274–76, 323, 365–66, 377

Carmichael, Stokely, 277, 280, 281

Carr, Waggoner, 249–50

Carter, Eugene W., 189, 190

Carter, Jimmy, 332–33, 339, 341, 342, 361

Cartwright, Marquerite, 153, 154, 156

CBS, 51, 109, 125, 199, 313–14, 329–30, 336, 364

Celler, Emanuel, 5

Census Bureau, 338, 350

Central High School, Little Rock, Ark., 209–10, 212–15, 361

Chavez, Linda, 362

Cheney, Richard, 331

Chicago, Ill., 9–10; crime in, 326–27; Depression and, 28–29, 31–32, 121; first black mayor of, 354; West Englewood, 10, 12, 13, 15

Chicago, Ill., African Americans in, 20–21, 28, 32, 55–56, 86, 88–90; employment and, 40, 43, 89–90; health care and, 88–89; housing and, 42, 88; orphans and, 93–97; race riot of 1919 and, 17–20

Chicago Defender, 3–4, 21–23, 28, 32, 36, 40–43, 46, 50, 54, 57, 63, 68, 71, 85–87, 89–92, 93–97, 98–106, 111, 117, 125, 131, 138, 145, 170, 172, 179, 182, 187, 192, 194, 208, 217, 222, 229, 238, 240, 274, 297, 301–2, 308, 310, 315, 323, 333, 337, 338, 358, 360, 364, 371, 388; articles on Japanese women and soldiers published in, 73–78, 87–88; Bandung Conference and, 150, 156–57, 168; as daily paper, 177; Dowling story and, 141–43; Payne hired by, 77–78, 81, 85–87; Payne hired for Vietnam reportage by, 251, 255, 258; Payne’s leaving of, 223–25, 226, 251, 300, 335, 336; Payne made Washington correspondent for, 106, 107–18; Payne’s return as Washington correspondent, 273–74; requests to bring Payne back to Chicago office, 223–25, 226, 300–301, 324–25, 333–34; Till and, 174; Vietnam War and, 251, 255, 256, 258

Chicago Public Library Training School, 38–39, 86

Chicago Training School for City, Home, and Foreign Missions, 36–38

Chicago Tribune, 3, 23, 43, 46, 85, 229, 326, 340, 341

Childs, Marquis, 153

China, 153; Africa and, 319–20; Bandung Conference and, 161, 162; Nixon in, 317, 322; Payne in, 317–22, 333

Chisholm, Shirley, 248, 302, 357, 365

Christian, James M., 385, 386

Church, Frank, 208

Churchill, Winston, 306–8

CIA, 154–56, 164

CIO, 147, 182, 219, 226

civil rights movement, 2–3, 98–101, 120–21, 126, 138, 141, 149, 166, 172, 177, 180, 187–88, 191, 193, 200–201, 204–5, 208, 210, 218, 233, 239–41, 243, 272, 290, 296–97, 384; Civil Rights Act of 1957, 203, 204–8, 217, 230–31, 234, 243, 244, 295; Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1–2, 4–5, 243–45, 247, 257, 278, 296; Eisenhower and, 102, 126–28, 133–34, 140, 144–46, 171–73, 203, 208, 212–15, 220–21; international dimension of, 200, 304, 363; Interracial Commission and, 51, 52–55, 57; Kennedy and, 205–6, 208, 233–34, 239, 243–44, 295; lack of knowledge about, 388–89; leadership of, 182–84, 277, 279; March on Washington and, 239–43, 290; March on Washington Movement and, 2, 41–51, 54, 56, 181, 191, 201, 202, 232, 239–42, 282, 291; Mellon Auditorium assembly and, 187–88; Montgomery bus boycott and, 2, 50, 177, 179–80, 181–84, 188–91; Nixon and, 198–200, 202–3, 220, 295; Payne’s “South at the Crossroads” series and, 191–92; Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom and, 201, 202, 241; Selma to Montgomery marches, 245–47; voting rights and, 204, 205, 217–18, 242, 245, 247; Voting Rights Act of 1965, 247, 257, 278, 296, 297; white press and, 361; see also segregation and integration

Civil Service Commission, 55

Claiborne, William, 369

Clark, Kenneth and Mamie, 131

Clark, Ramsey, 310

Clift, Eleanor, 366

Clift, Woodbury, 366

Cohn, Roy, 123

Coleman, Frankie, 211

Coleman, Martha, 339

Coleman, Milton, 357–60

Coliseum Meeting, 43–47

Collier-Thomas, Bettye, 372–73

Collins, Cardiss, 327–28

Color Curtain, The (Wright), 195–96

communism, 49, 100, 119, 121, 154, 156, 164, 276, 316; McCarthy and, 121–25, 133, 134

Congress for Cultural Freedom, 155–56

Congressional Black Caucus, 301, 374–75

Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, 372

Connally, John, 249

Constitution, 4, 100, 130, 245; Twenty-Fourth Amendment to, 249

Conyers, John, Jr., 288–89

Cooke, Janet, 358–59

COPE, 226–27, 236

Copernicus Elementary School, 15–16, 23

Cosby, Bill, 366

Council on Foundations, 381

Cousins, Norman, 163, 168

Cowles, John, Sr., 155

Crane Junior College, 30–31, 35–36, 157

crime, 327; in Chicago, 326–28

Crisis, 32, 54, 99, 327

Crusade for Freedom, 156

Currie, Kathleen, 370, 389

Daily Worker, 123, 124, 160

Daley, Richard M., 354

Darion, Joe, 311

Davis, Belva, 314

Davis, Benjamin O., Jr., 256, 271

Davis, Herman “Skip,” 230, 372

Davis, Jefferson, 189, 194

Davis, John, 129

Davis, Marquerite, 64, 65

Dawkins, Wayne J., 387

Dawson, William, 99, 120, 234

DeLaine, Joseph A., 183

Delaney, Paul, 354

Dellums, Ron, 322–23, 385

Delta Sigma Theta, 325, 327, 337, 351–52, 365, 368, 369, 379, 385

Democratic National Committee, 232, 233, 235–37, 240, 242, 247–49, 257

Democratic National Conventions: of 1952, 98–101, 244; of 1956, 193; of 1960, 234; of 1968, 295–96; of 1972, 302–3

Democratic Party, 2, 98, 99, 111, 120, 187–88, 191, 194–95, 203, 204, 208, 210, 232, 234, 236, 242–43, 245, 248–50, 302, 375

Denniston, Arabella, 233

Depression, 27–29, 31–32, 39, 40, 121

Dewey, John, 23

Dewey, Thomas, 146

Diggs, Charles, Jr., 174, 188, 312

Dirksen, Everett, 5, 247

Dixon, Margaret, 24–26, 39

Dobrynin, Anatoly, 273

Douglass, Frederick, 353, 370, 380

Dowling, James E., 141–43

“Driftwood” (Payne), 32–34

Du Bois, W. E. B., 35, 86, 163, 182, 197

Dukakis, Michael, 375–76

Dukes, Ofield, 300, 324

Dulles, Allen, 155

Dulles, John Foster, 153, 191

Dumas, Joseph, 379

Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 13–14

Dunnigan, Alice, 112–14, 133, 138, 139, 145–46, 344

Dymally, Mervyn, 375

Eastland, James, 176, 192, 194, 205

Ebony, 230, 312, 329

Eckford, Elizabeth, 209, 211, 214

Edelman, Marian Wright, 374

Edmund Pettus Bridge, 245, 246

Edwards, Audrey, 361

EEOC, 298

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 2, 108–11, 113–16, 130, 139, 141, 143–44, 146, 162, 175, 184, 193, 194, 196, 199, 224; Bandung Conference and, 152–53; civil rights and, 102, 126–28, 133–34, 140, 144–46, 171–73, 203, 208, 212–15, 220–21; election of, 101–2; Faubus and, 212, 214; Payne and, 114–15, 135–37, 139–40, 144–49, 173, 224, 298

Eisenhower, Mamie, 146

Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, 215

Elizabeth II, Queen, 215

Ellington, Duke, 298

Elks, 227, 237

Emancipation Proclamation, 46, 134, 239, 240, 243, 246

employment, 43, 141, 148–49; in Chicago, 40, 43, 89–90

Enterprise, USS, 261–62

Ervin, Sam, 205

Essence, 361

Ethel L. Payne Fellowship, 387–88

Evers, Medgar, 175

Evers, Myrlie, 285

Faisal, Prince, 164

Fall, Bernard, 270

Farrakhan, Louis, 358, 378

Faubus, Orval, 209, 210, 212–15

Fauntroy, Walter, 284

FBI, 50, 122, 164, 215, 299, 322–23

Federal City Club, 297

Federal Council of Negro Affairs, 103

Feldman, Mike, 297

Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 248

FEPC, 43, 54

FHA, 136

Final Call, 378

Finch, Robert, 312

Fisk Forum, 355

Fisk University, 343–44, 350, 352–56

FitzGerald, Frances, 270

Fleeson, Doris, 197

Folliard, Edward T., 144–45, 149

Ford, Gerald, 331–32

Ford Foundation, 336

Foreign Correspondents’ Club, 71, 77

Forest, Lorenzo, 264–65

Foster, Stephen, 167

Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, 65

Frederick, John T., 39

Friedan, Betty, 248, 329

Gandhi, Mahatma, 50, 192

Garvey, Marcus, 197

Gates, Mahlon Eugene, 269

Gellhorn, Martha, 270

George Washington University, 336

Germany, 56, 169–70

Ghana, 196–99, 202, 304, 378

Goldwater, Barry, 248, 249

Goodlett, Carlton, 329

Goodwin, Edward L., Sr., 104–5, 223

Granger, Lester, 141–43, 155, 198

Grass, Martha, 291

Gray, Fred, 182, 184

Gray, Louis Patrick, III, 322

Gray, Thelma Elizabeth (sister), 11, 12–13, 26, 27–29, 69, 102, 163, 309, 320, 324, 371–73

Gray, William, III, 386

Great Books, 69

Green, Dwight, 50, 51

Green, Ernest, 361

Green, Victor H., 105

Gregory, Dick, 343–44

Grooms, Harlan Hobart, 184

Hagerty, James, 114–16, 135, 139, 146–47, 171–72, 215, 220

Haiti, 156, 157

Halberstam, David, 323

Haley, Alex, 349, 370

Haley, George, 370

Hall, Robert, 123, 124

Hamer, Fannie Lou, 325

Hansberry, Carl A., 88

Hansberry, Lorraine, 88

Harriday, Mamie, 300

Harriman, Averell, 193

Harris, Louis, 249

Hart, John, 313

Harvard University, 382

Harvey, Fred, 388

Hatcher, Andrew, 237

Hatcher, Richard, 302

Hayes, Ira, 306

Haynes, Gillie, 351

Hays, Brooks, 212, 213

Hayward, J. C., 372

Hearst, William Randolph, 21

Height, Dorothy, 291

Hemingway, Ernest, 24–26

Hicks, James L., 71–74, 178–80, 185, 209

Higgins, Marguerite, 388

Hill, J. Lister, 101

Hill, Oliver, 81

Himes, Chester, 36

Hooks, Benjamin, 337, 340

Hoover, J. Edgar, 299

Hope, Bob, 259, 260, 262

housing, 135–36, 139, 142, 149; in Chicago, 42, 88

Howard University, 102, 201, 279, 325; choir of, 107–8, 114–16, 119, 386

Huff, William Henry, 176

Hughes, Langston, 125

Humphrey, Hubert, 5, 99, 188, 295–96, 302, 314, 328

Huntley, Chet, 163, 164

Hurley, Ruby, 175, 185

If He Hollers Let Him Go (Himes), 36

Indonesia, 150–51, 152–59, 160–68, 172, 180, 195, 200, 304

Inland Steel, 90

Interracial Commission, 51, 52–55, 57

Iyalla, Joe, 304, 305

Jack, Homer A., 163

Jackson, C. D., 154

Jackson, Jackie, 382

Jackson, Jesse, 285, 289–90, 302, 310–12, 341–42, 375–76, 382, 385; Coleman and, 357–60; presidential candidacy of, 357

Jackson, Mahalia, 201

Jackson, Yusef, 382

Jackson State University, 350–52

James, Daniel “Chappie,” Jr., 311, 328

Japan, 57; Korean War and, 69–70, 71, 76; occupation babies in, 64–66, 272; Payne in, 59, 60–70, 71–79, 87–88, 90, 169, 263, 268, 272; women and soldiers in, 72–78, 272

Jarrett, Vernon, 4

Jennings, T. H., 183

Jet, 173, 174, 199, 202, 221, 222, 237, 257, 311, 368

Johns, Barbara Rose, 79–81, 129

Johns, Vernon, 80

Johnson, Avis Ruth (sister), 12–13, 28, 29, 57, 235, 371–73, 387

Johnson, David Payne (nephew), 376

Johnson, James (brother-in-law), 235

Johnson, James A. “Jimmy” (nephew), 228–31, 235–36, 385

Johnson, Lady Bird, 276–77, 303, 328

Johnson, Luci Baines, 303

Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 233–36, 243–44, 245–49, 257, 271, 282, 284, 295–97, 303, 328, 386; Civil Rights Act of 1957 and, 206–7, 234, 243; Civil Rights Act of 1964 and, 1–2, 4–5, 243–45; King and, 276–77

Johnson, Mordecai, 201

Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, 337

Jordan, Barbara, 251

Jordan, Vernon, 339–41

Joseph, James A., 381, 386–87

Justice Department, 54, 112, 175, 205, 207, 218, 292

Kase, Toshikazu, 68

Kempton, Murray, 238

Kennedy, Edward, 339–40

Kennedy, Jacqueline, 235, 285

Kennedy, John F., 220, 233, 237, 240–41, 243, 297; assassination of, 1, 243–44; civil rights and, 205–6, 208, 233–34, 239, 243–44, 295; election of, 234–35

Kennedy, Robert F., 5, 240, 290–91, 295

Kenya, 330, 348, 365

Kenyatta, Jomo, 330

Kerner Report, 299

King, Coretta Scott, 198, 285, 291, 328, 368, 376

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 2, 5, 50, 180, 181, 182, 191, 192, 194, 198, 200–202, 235, 238, 243, 244, 247, 277–80, 282–83, 288, 299, 352, 359, 376, 380, 386, 389; assassination of, 283–85; at Capital Press Club, 274–76; jailing of, 239; Johnson and, 276–77; March on Washington speech of, 241–42; Montgomery bus boycott and, 184, 188–91; Nixon and, 198–99, 203, 204, 295; Poor People’s Campaign of, 280–81; radicals and, 277; Southern Christian Leadership Conference of, 248, 277–81; Vietnam War and, 257, 258, 274–76

Kissinger, Henry, 309, 329–32, 349

Kitt, Eartha, 276–77

Kleeman, Richard, 180

Komer, Robert, 256

Korean War, 69–70, 71, 76, 271

Labor Department, 235

La Guardia, Fiorello, 42

Lange, Karen, 387

Lautier, Louis, 112–14, 133, 139, 146, 153–56, 203

LBJ Presidential Library, 303, 337

Lee, George, 191

Lee, Vivian, 62

Lehman, Herbert, 98–99

Leonard, Walter J., 343, 353, 355

Lester, Amy, 95–96

Lewis, John, 310

Liberia, 157, 200, 330

Life, 127, 154

Lincoln, Abraham, 1, 246

Lincoln Day Dinner, 107–8, 114–15

Lindblom Technical High School, 23–27, 39

Lisagor, Peter, 199

Little, Frank, 62

Little Women (Alcott), 30, 31

Little Rock, Ark., 210–12, 351; Central High School, 209–10, 212–15, 361

Liuzzo, Viola, 247

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 212

Long, Russell, 205, 285

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 37

Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 118

Lorch, Grace, 211

Lorch, Lee, 210–11, 328

Los Angeles Times, 116, 172

Lowther, Kevin, 366–67

Lubowski, Anton, 378

Lucas, C. Payne, 345–46, 380

Lucas, Patricia, 346

Lucy, Autherine, 177–79, 184–87, 217

MacArthur, Douglas, 70, 71, 76–79, 87, 272

Madison, Afreda, 374–75

Magloire, Paul, 156

Malan, Daniel, 101

Malcolm X, 352–53

Mandela, Nelson, 363, 367, 379–80, 387

Mandela, Winnie, 367–69, 379–80, 387

Mansfield, Mike, 247

Manton, Thomas B., 317–18

Mao Zedong, 318

March on Washington, 239–43, 290

March on Washington Movement, 2, 41–51, 54, 56, 181, 191, 201, 202, 232, 239–42, 282, 291

Marshall, Thurgood, 77, 81, 129–30, 175, 182–83, 185–87, 297, 309

Martin, Louis, 74, 77–78, 86–87, 106, 108, 110, 116–17, 142–43, 145, 150, 177, 215, 229, 297, 300, 338, 344, 358; Bandung Conference and, 156–57; and Defender’s closing of Washington bureau, 223–25; Vietnam War and, 257–58, 271

Marx, Karl, 124

Mauldin, Bill, 287

Mazique, Edward C., 284, 288

McCarthy, Joseph, 121–25, 133, 134, 365

McClellan, John, 124–25, 279–80

McClendon, Sarah, 300

McCulloch, William, 5

McFarlane, Bryan, 370

McGovern, George, 302, 303

McKavitt, Matthew, 54–55

Meany, George, 232

Medicare, 237, 248

Medill School of Journalism, 86, 370–71

Meer, Fatima, 379

Meese, Edwin, III, 360

Metcalfe, Ralph, Sr., 323

Metropolitan Women’s Democratic Club, 232–33

Michener, James, 163

Midway, USS, 364

Miller, Juanita, 346, 348

Miller Brewing Company, 370

Milloy, Courtland, 375

Mills, Dean, 381

Mills, Maimouna, 387

Minneapolis Tribune, 155, 180

Mitchell, Clarence, Jr., 2, 137–38, 148, 175, 207, 231, 376

Mitchell, James P., 203

Mobutu Sese Seko, 309, 314–16, 330, 349

Modern Women Social and Charity Club, 42–43

Montague, Magnificent, 213–14

Montgomery, Ala., 194; bus boycott in, 2, 50, 177, 179–80, 181–84, 188–91, 277, 359, 388; Improvement Association, 180, 181, 190; Selma to Montgomery marches, 245–47

Morrow, E. Frederic, 109–11, 127

Mosley, Walter, 235

Moss, Annie Lee, 121–25, 365

Mothershed family, 212

Moton High School, 79–80, 129, 132

Moyers, Bill, 257–58, 271, 297

Moynihan, Daniel P., 298–99

Murphy, Frances, 386

Murphy, Reg, 320–21, 328

Murray, Pauli, 248

Murray, Willard, Jr., 292

Murrow, Edward R., 125

Mutual Black Network, 329–30

NAACP, 2, 35, 42, 45, 50–51, 54, 55, 77, 81, 109, 111, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 141, 176, 179, 182–83, 185–87, 207, 209, 231, 274, 278, 283, 313, 337; Crisis, 32, 54, 99, 327; Payne’s membership in, 227

NABJ (National Association of Black Journalists), 387–88

Nabrit, James, Jr., 279

Namibia, 366, 367, 377–78

Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 161

National Black Political Convention, 301–2

National Conference on Black Power, 278

National Council of Negro Women, 117

National Negro Publishers Association, 112, 128, 153–54

National Newspaper Publishers Association, 298–99, 308, 329

National Organization for Women, 248

National Press Club, 111, 127, 154, 171, 324, 366

National Urban League, 32, 141–43, 148, 155, 156, 198, 290, 297, 310, 311, 323, 331–32, 339–41

Native Son (Wright), 38

Negro American Labor Council, 232

Negro Family, The (Moynihan), 298

Negro Motorist Green Book, The, 105

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 162, 163

Newseum, 388

Newspaper Guild, 92, 155, 224, 225

New York Amsterdam News, 4, 32, 153, 178

New Yorker, 32, 161

New York Herald Tribune, 116, 127

New York Times, 1, 22, 145, 146, 172, 180, 189, 207, 213, 274, 322, 337, 354

Nigeria, 304–8, 314

Nixon, Edgar D., 50, 181, 184

Nixon, Pat, 117, 198, 202, 203, 222, 309, 312

Nixon, Richard, 119–20, 171, 180, 196, 197, 199, 202, 219–20, 233, 295–99, 301, 303, 311–12, 316, 327; in Africa, 196–200, 202, 220, 221, 295, 308–9; in China, 317, 322; civil rights and, 198–200, 202–3, 220, 295; King and, 198–99, 203, 204, 295; Payne’s interview with, 200; at Payne’s party, 221–23, 236; Payne’s profile of, 219–10

Nkrumah, Kwame, 196–97, 199

Northwestern University, 39

O’Brien, Lawrence F., Jr., 244

O’Brien, Thomas, 228–29

O’Hara, Barratt, 228–29

Oklahoma Eagle, 104–6, 223

Operation Hunger, 367

Otnes, Fred, 388

Parks, Rosa, 176–77

Pastore, John, 206–7

Payne, Alice Wilma (sister), 12–13, 27, 28, 59

Payne, Alma Josephine (sister), 12–13, 28

Payne, Avis Ruth (sister), see Johnson, Avis Ruth

Payne, Bessie Austin (mother), 9–15, 29, 30, 38, 57, 59, 60, 66, 89, 145, 270, 299, 380–81; death of, 299–300; Ethel’s writing and, 24, 25, 31, 299; race riot and, 19; William’s death and, 26–27

Payne, Lemuel Austin (brother), 12–13, 15–16, 27, 28, 30; army service of, 56, 268

Payne, Ethel Lois: at AFL-CIO, 226–27, 231–33, 235, 236, 240; birth of, 10; 336–37; celebrity status of, 369–71; childhood of, 11–16, 17; death of, 382–83, 384; and decline of black press, 360–61; education of, 15–16, 23–27, 30–31, 35–37; essay contest entered by, 31; exhibit on life of, 380; first political journalism of, 98–103; funeral for, 385–86; generosity of, 218–19, 371–72; hair of, 165–66, 195–96; honors and awards of, 325, 365–66, 381, 387, 388; journalism chair created for, 343–44; law career desired by, 30, 37; library job of, 39, 40, 47, 48, 54, 55, 59; matron job of, 37–38; as nursery school teacher, 38; in paddy wagon incident, 57–58; parties of, 221–23, 236, 339; as radio and television commentator, 313–14, 336; romantic life of, 60, 66–67, 233, 340, 341; salary and finances of, 149–50, 218–19, 224, 226, 227, 273, 334, 336–38, 360, 371–72; speaking engagements of, 325–27, 354; writing ambition and short stories of, 24, 25, 30–34, 36–37, 39, 74; writing style of, 361

Payne, Thelma Elizabeth (sister), see Gray, Thelma Elizabeth

Payne, William A. (father), 9–11, 15, 91, 300; death of, 26–27, 91; race riot and, 19

Pearson, Drew, 171–72, 220

Phillip, Prince, 215

Phillips, Channing Emery, 296

Pierce, Samuel, 369

Pittsburgh Courier, 4, 42, 46, 70, 236, 274

Plessy v. Ferguson, 81, 130

Poor People’s Campaign, 280–81, 282–83, 285–93, 294

Pope, James, 310

Portrait in Black, 104

Portrait of a Queen: The Legacy of Ethel Lois Payne, 343

Postal Service, 388

Poussaint, Renee, 354, 372

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 152–54, 158, 159, 168, 171, 188, 194, 198, 215, 315, 343

Powell, Jack, 108

Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, 201, 202, 241

Price, Margaret, 236–38

Pulitzer, Joseph, 21

Pullman porters, 10–11, 19, 22, 42, 50; Payne’s series on, 91–92

Pyle, Ernie, 262

Rabb, Maxwell M., 110–11, 114, 116–18, 119, 120, 127–28, 136, 194

Rabb, Ruth, 118

Raisin in the Sun, A (Hansberry), 88

Randolph, A. Philip, 2, 41–50, 54–56, 58, 182, 198, 201, 202, 232, 239–44, 282, 291, 376

Raspberry, William, 370

Raye, John, 314, 338, 343, 372

Reagan, Ronald, 341–43, 350, 352, 360, 362, 369

Red Cross, 43, 58, 62, 64, 307

Reese, Jeannetta, 184

Reeves, Frank D., 233, 234, 236

Republican National Committee, 127, 194, 227

Republican National Conventions: of 1956, 193; of 1968, 294–95; of 1972, 303

Republican Party, 111, 113, 120, 187, 194–95, 197, 204, 228, 250, 302–3

Resurrection City, 286, 288–93, 294

Reynolds, Barbara, 341–43, 372

riots, 17–20, 49, 50, 53, 284

Robert Kennedy and His Times (Schlesinger), 365

Robert Russa Moton High School, 79–80, 129, 132

Robeson, Paul, 163

Robinson, Maurice, 313–14

Robinson, Max, 324

Robinson, Spottswood, III, 81, 129

Rockefeller, Nelson A., 153–56

Rogers, William P., 144, 308, 309, 330, 340

Rolark, Calvin W., 361

Rómulo, Carlos Peña, 158, 161

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 41–42, 67, 194

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 41–43, 49, 100n, 103, 112

Rougeau, John, 381–82

Rougeau, Weldon, 372

Rowan, Carl, 155, 164, 180, 209, 276

Roxborough, Mildred, 313

Rumsfeld, Donald, 311

Russell, Richard, Jr., 99–101, 205, 244

Russwurm, John B., 128, 370

Rustin, Bayard, 50, 241, 290, 311

St. John AME Church, 43, 190, 389

Salinger, Pierre, 297

Sanders, Charles, 329

Saunders, Doris, 338, 350

Scales, Vesharn, 346, 348

Scali, John, 199

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 365

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), 248, 277–81, 285; Poor People’s Campaign of, 280–81, 282–83, 285–93, 294

Scott, Hugh, 187

Scott, Valentina, 160–61

Seals, Connie, 327–28

Seaview Club, 62–64, 69, 71–72

segregation and integration, 41, 55, 101, 109, 119, 126, 127, 131, 137n, 173, 176, 194, 197, 201, 212, 215–16, 220, 238, 299, 364, 389; Bolling v. Sharpe and, 132; Brown v. Board of Education and, 81, 111, 121, 129–34, 139, 141, 144, 172, 180, 191, 201, 202, 207, 208, 212; on buses, 177; at Central High School (Little Rock), 209–10, 212–15; in interstate travel, 140, 144–45; in military, 40–41, 49; Plessy v. Ferguson and, 81, 130; at University of Alabama, 177–79, 184–87; Williams on, 227–28; see also civil rights movement

Selma to Montgomery marches, 245–47

Senghor, Léopold, 333

Sengstacke, John H. H., 21, 87, 109, 114, 119–20, 128, 145, 151, 153, 156, 174, 197, 219, 251, 255–56, 274, 308, 333–35, 371; requests to bring Payne back to Chicago office, 223–25, 226, 300–301, 324–25, 333–34

Sheean, Vincent, 163

Sheil, Bernard J., 53

Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 68

Shores, Arthur D., 185, 217–18

Simpson, Billy, 292

Simpson, Carole, 314

Singletary, Michelle, 387

Smaldone, Jennifer, 352

Small-Rougeau, Shirley, 325, 343, 372–73, 381–83, 385

Smathers, George, 206

Smith, Al, 109

Smith, Golden William, 91–92

Smith, Howard K., 199

Smith, Ian, 331

SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), 277, 280

Snyder, Murray, 136, 146

Social Security Administration, 248

Socolow, Sanford, 330

Somalia, 346–48

Sontag, Susan, 318–19

Sorensen, Theodore, 297

Sorrell, Maurice, 311

South Africa, 161, 331, 345, 363–69, 375, 377–80, 388

Sowell, Thomas, 360

Spectrum, 313–14, 364

Spencer, Stuart, 331

Spottswood, Stephen Gill, 227

Spraggs, Venice Tipton, 109, 110

Stans, Maurice, 309–10

State Department, 194, 197, 263, 330, 368

State Training School for Girls, 37–38

Steinbeck, John and Elaine, 259–60

Stennis, John, 176, 205

Stevenson, Adlai, 102, 127, 193, 194, 233

Stokes, Carl B., 243

Stone, Chuck, 360

Streitmatter, Rodger, 380

Sukarno, 162, 166

Supreme Court, 43, 144, 173; Bolling v. Sharpe, 132; Brown v. Board of Education, 81, 111, 121, 129–34, 139, 141, 144, 172, 180, 191, 201, 202, 207, 208, 212, 303; Plessy v. Ferguson, 81, 130

Sylvester, Art, 258

Symington, Stuart, Jr., 124, 233

Talmadge, Herman, 205

Tarbell, Ida M., 388

Taylor, Hobart, Jr., 237

Terry, Peggy, 291

Terry, Wallace, Jr., 213

Third World Conference on Women, 365

Thomas, Clarence, 360

Thurmond, Strom, 98, 205, 207, 244

Tijerina, Reies López, 289

Till, Emmett, 173–75, 191

Till, Louis, 175–76, 192

Time, 189, 198, 213n

Tower, John, 249–50

TransAfrica, 363

Trent, Barbara, 132

Trescott, Jacqueline, 354

Tri-State Defender, 120, 174

Truman, Harry, 60–62, 69, 70, 100n, 105, 112, 113

Tubman, William, 312

Tucker, Bruce, 355

Tucker, Sterling, 290

Turner, J. C., 232

Twenty-First Century Fellows Program, 381, 386

Twenty-Fourth Amendment, 249

Uganda, 200

U Nu, 163–64

United Nations, 69, 167, 349

University of Alabama, 177–79, 184–87

University of Chicago, 37

University of Missouri, 381

University of the District of Columbia, 337

U.S. Census Bureau, 338, 350

U.S. Information Agency, 333

U.S. Postal Service, 388

Vails, Donald, 385

Valeriani, Richard, 331

Veazey, Carlton W., 385

Verne, Jules, 168

Vietnam, 298; Payne in, 251, 255–67, 268–70

Vietnam War, 213n, 249, 255–67, 268–71; King and, 257, 258, 274–76

Voice of America, 132, 387

voting rights, 204, 205, 217–18, 242, 245, 247

Voting Rights Act of 1965, 247, 257, 278, 296, 297

Walker, John T., 366–67, 385

Wallace, George, 296, 314, 388

Warren, Earl, 130–32, 303

Washington, Booker T., 21, 182

Washington, D.C., 109; Payne made correspondent in, 106, 107–18; Payne’s return as correspondent in, 273–74

Washington, Harold, 354

Washington, Val J., 111, 193–94

Washington Post, 116, 127, 145, 172, 180, 189, 213n, 274, 354, 357–58, 368–70, 375, 380, 384, 387

Washington Press Club Foundation, 370

Washington Star, 145, 286

Waters, Enoch P., 3, 87, 110, 126, 148

Watts, André, 309

“We Are Americans, Too,” 48–50

Weaver, George L. P., 250

Weaver, Robert C., 103

Westmoreland, William C., 260, 266–67, 271

Whalen, Grover, 117

Whickam, Katie E., 248

White, Walter, 45, 103, 125

Whitman, Walt, 167

Wiggins, Lillian, 304–7

Wilkins, Roy, 54, 175, 186, 201, 227, 283, 285, 292, 312–13, 343, 352, 359, 376

William and Bessie Payne Memorial Scholarship, 300

Williams, Clara Austin, 10

Williams, Clare B., 227–28

Williams, Eddie N., 337

Williams, Eugene, 18

Williams, Hosea, 290, 376

Wilson, L. Alex, 71–75, 174, 209, 215

Wilson, Leonard, 179, 186

women, 291–92; black, 340–41, 352; rights of, 166–67

Women’s Scholarship Association, 326

Woodson, Robert L., 344, 369

World War II, 40–42, 47, 49, 58, 271; end of, 56–58, 69

WPA, 39, 54

Wright, Richard, 36, 38, 39, 88–89, 152, 195–96; in Indonesia, 155–56, 159, 165–66, 195

Yearwood, Tracey Scruggs, 388

Yorty, Sam, 292

Young, Andrew, 287

Young, Whitney, Jr., 244, 297, 310–12, 327, 339, 343, 352

Youssoufou, Oumarou, 344

Zaire, 313–16, 330, 349

Zhou Enlai, 153, 161–64

Zion Baptist Church, 385

Zola, Émile, 36