A NOTE ON SOURCES

To conserve space, I eschewed listing article titles and used abbreviations for frequently cited sources and a numeric dating system. A guide to abbreviations appears below. So for instance,

Ethel L. Payne to Louis E. Martin, January 28, 1953, Ethel L. Payne Papers Box 5, Folder 2, Manuscript Room of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

appears here as:

ELP to LEM, 1/28/1953, ELPLOC, B5F2

The reference citation is linked to the text at the point at which I begin using the source. So quotations in subsequent paragraphs stem from the same source unless otherwise noted.

Several of the collections of Ethel Payne’s papers remain unprocessed, so the box numbers used here may change over time. However, the endnotes contain enough information to permit researchers to find the item at a later date. I am also always glad to communicate with other writers and researchers, should you have any questions.

ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS OR REPOSITORIES

ACWP Rev. Addie and Rev. Claude Wyatt Papers, Chicago Public Library Vivian G. Harsh Research Collection of Afro-American History and Literature
ALPACM Ethel Payne Papers, Anacostia Community Museum, Washington, DC
APP The American Presidency Project (www.presidency.ncsb.edu) at the University of California, Santa Barbara
APRPLOC A. Philip Randolph Papers, Manuscript Room Library of Congress, Washington, DC
A-SFP Abbott-Sengstacke Family Papers, 1847–1997, Vivian G. Harsh Research Collection of Afro-American History and Literature, Chicago Public Library, Chicago, IL
DDEPL Dwight David Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, KS
ELPCHM Ethel L. Payne Papers, Chicago History Museum, Chicago, IL
ELPJAJ Ethel L. Payne Papers privately held by Dr. James A. Johnson
ELPLOC Ethel L. Payne Papers, Manuscript Room, Library of Congress, Washington, DC
ELPMSRC Ethel L. Payne Papers, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University, Washington, DC
ELPSCRBC Ethel L. Payne Papers, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York, NY
GMMA George Meany Memorial Archives, National Labor College, Silver Spring, MD
GRFPL Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, Ann Arbor, MI
HSTPL Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, MO
ISA Illinois State Archives, Springfield, IL
IRC Files of the Interracial Commission, Illinois State Archives, Springfield, IL
JAJP James A. Johnson collection of Ethel L. Payne papers in private possession
LBJPL LBJ Presidential Library, Austin, TX
LMLOC Louis Martin Papers, Manuscript Room of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC
MBPP Margaret Bayne Price Papers, Michigan Historical Collections, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Collection, Manuscript Room of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC
NARA Nelson A. Rockefeller Personal Files, Washington, DC, Rockefeller Archives, Sleepy Hollow, NY
PMWP Philip M. Weightman Papers, Tamiment Library, Wagner Archives, Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, New York University, New York, NY
RMNPL Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library, Yorba Linda, CA
SSP Susan Sontag Papers, Library Special Collections, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
WEBDBP W. E. B. Du Bois Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries, Amherst, MA

FREQUENTLY CITED PERSONAL NAMES

APR A. Philip Randolph
ARJ Avis Ruth Johnson (sister)
BP Bessie Payne (mother)
ELP Ethel L. Payne
EPW Enoch P. Waters
JHS John H. Sengstacke
LEM Louis E. Martin
MMR Maxwell M. Rabb
RMN Richard M. Nixon
TG Thelma Gray (sister)

FREQUENTLY CITED NEWSPAPERS

AfAm Afro-American
AmNe Amsterdam News
AtWo Atlanta Daily World
ChDe Chicago Defender (weekly)
ChMe Chicago Metro News
ChTr Chicago Tribune
DaDe Chicago Defender (daily)
LAT Los Angeles Times
MiTi Miami Times
NYT New York Times
PiCo Pittsburgh Courier
WaIn Washington Informer
WaPo Washington Post
WaSt Washington Evening Star