Abyssinia attack, by Italy (1935), 153–154
Advisory Committee on Uranium, 171
African Americans, 294
El Alamein, Egypt, 170
Alanbrooke, Lord, 171
Alexandria, Egypt, 45, 167, 169, 170, 173
Allied Control Commission, 4, 88, 93, 95
Allies, 1–2
divisions among, 3–4, 12–13, 50
German Operation Wool against, 252
invasion of Berlin by, 82, 247–248, 259
See also specific topics
American Jewish Committee, 214, 216
American public
death of FDR and, 287–288, 290–291
FDR and, 101–102, 182–184, 186, 187, 190, 223, 293–294
health of FDR and, 6–7
selling Yalta conference to, 182–185
Soviet Union and, 223
United Nations and, 4, 14, 101–102, 183, 190, 223
Yalta address and, 190
Anderson, Howard, 280
Anglo-American Alliance, 49
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 162
Anglo-Americans
Bern incident and, 203–204, 229, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
differences with Stalin, 203, 264
Anglo-Soviet Treaty of Alliance, 76
Anthony, George, 231
Arabs. See Egyptian trip; Palestinian problem
Ardennes battle, 1–2, 10, 12, 56, 82
Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 102
Asia
FDR and purpose of war in, 59–60
Soviet-American cooperation and postwar, 119, 120
See also specific Asian countries
Atlantic Charter, 2–4, 14, 15, 55, 96
Yalta conference and, 136, 137, 179, 183, 190, 298
atomic bomb, development
Churchill, Winston, and, 171–173, 205–206
Germany and, 171
Hyde Park Memorandum, 206, 208
Manhattan Project, 172, 205–208
Maud Report, 171–172
atomic bomb, international control of
Bohr and, 205–206
Churchill, Winston, and, 205–206
UN Charter, 207
US and, 205–207
atomic bomb, usage
US and, 207–208
atomic energy research, 174
Azores, 39
Bachelder, Toinette “Toi,” 270, 274
Ball, Joseph A., 2
Barkley, Alben, 185–186
Benes, Eduard, 97, 98, 127, 134
Berlin, invasion of, 82–83, 247–248, 259
Bern incident, 203–204, 228, 229, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
Bethesda Naval Hospital, 218
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 294
peace after victory for, 213
Chandor sketch of Big Three at Yalta, 214, 215
Livadia Palace photo session, 129
See also Tehran conference; Yalta conference
bill of human rights, international, 214, 216
Bingham and Garfield Railroad, 35
Boettiger, John, 8, 182, 192, 218, 255
Bohlen, Charles, 77, 92, 106, 115, 132, 173, 176, 197, 198
Bohr, Niels, 205–206
Bonner, Daisy, 240
Brady, Dorothy, 19, 233, 266, 270
Brazil, monazite deposits, 173
Britain
aid to Soviet Union from, 75–76
atomic bomb development and, 171–174, 206
competition over Europe with Soviet Union, 57
death of FDR and, 291
France and, 79
Malta and, 44–48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60
Middle East oil and, 149
Palestinian problem and, 145–150
Parliament and Poland, 184
Poland and, 105, 115, 122–123, 128, 130, 132, 184, 196, 263–264
problems between US and, 48–50, 171–173
Saudi Arabia and, 158–159
state trip to, 224
United Nations and, 52–54
victory over Germans in Egypt, 170–171
White Paper of 1939, 146, 147, 148, 150
See also Anglo-Americans; Churchill, Winston; specific topics
British Chiefs of Staff, 49, 247–248
single-thrust strategy of, 56–57
See also Combined Chiefs of Staff
British delegation, to Yalta conference, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 61
Vorontzov Palace housing of, 68–69
See also Yalta conference
British imperialism
Churchill, Winston, and, 171
Soviet-American cooperation and, 119
Brown, Betty, 269
Brown, Wilson, 32, 37, 40–42, 153, 178
Bruenn, Howard, 5, 6, 192, 225
at Warm Springs, 242–243, 254, 259, 268, 274–278, 280, 281, 286
Yalta trip and, 32, 62, 70, 74, 84, 87, 112–113, 125, 177
Bulloch, Martha Stewart, 239
Byrnes, James, 22, 35, 84–85, 103, 115, 182–183, 192, 227, 235
Cadogan, Alexander, 63, 101, 110
Casablanca conference, 46, 48, 79
Catholic Church, 36, 37, 118, 119
Catoctin, USS, 66, 67, 142, 167
Chamberlain, Neville, 145
Chandor, Douglas, 213–214, 215
Cherwell, Lord, 172–174
Combined Chiefs of Staff and strategy for, 58–59
war against Japan and, 57, 119, 120
Churchill, Sarah, 34, 55, 66, 70, 169–170, 173, 174
Churchill, Winston, 9, 34, 158
Athens speech, 170
atomic bomb and, 171–173, 205–206
atomic research and, 174
Bern incident and, 204, 251–252, 264, 265, 272
British imperialism and, 171
confrontational approach to Soviet Union of, 204
Crimea journey to Yalta conference, 62, 63, 66
death of FDR and, 291–293
early tripartite conversations and, 76
Egyptian meeting with FDR, 169–171, 173–174
European Theater and, 49
Ibn Saud and, 164–165
invasion of Berlin and, 247–248, 259
Malta and, 45, 47, 48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60
Netherlands and, 265
Palestinian problem and, 147, 164–165
percentages agreement with Stalin, 51–52, 135
personal friendship with FDR, 225–226
Poland and, 98, 100, 104–107, 110–111, 122–123, 127–132, 135, 184, 196, 197, 236–237, 263–264
Tehran conference and, 15, 48, 50
territorial issues and, 196
United Nations and, 101, 103, 109–110, 114, 122
in Vorontzov Palace, 68–69
Yalta conference and, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 70–71, 81, 83, 85, 86, 91–95, 97, 101, 103–107, 109–111, 114, 122–124, 127–132, 134–139, 169–170, 179, 184
See also Big Three; Britain
Clay, Lucius, 235
coal miners strike, 199, 223, 235
Combined Chiefs of Staff
China and Far East strategy of, 58–59
European strategy of, 56–58
invasion of Berlin and, 247–248
Yalta conference and, 82, 111, 129
Commodity Credit Corporation bill, 271–272
See also socialism
Conant, James, 207
Congress
FDR losing control of, 259
manpower bill and, 13, 197, 235, 259
Netherlands crisis and, 212
selling Yalta conference to, 182–186
UN Charter and, 185
World War II and, 12–13, 15–16, 31
Yalta address to, 163, 182, 186–192
conservation, 19, 21, 109, 297
Crimea, German conquering of, 77, 141
Crimea conference. See Yalta conference
Crimea journey, to Yalta conference
Churchill, Winston, on, 62, 63, 66
overview, 61–66
Roosevelt, Anna, with FDR on, 62–64, 66
Curzon Line, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 115, 131
Czechoslovak-Russian Treaty of Friendship, 98
Daisy. See Suckley, Margaret “Daisy”
Daniels, Jonathan, 192, 227–228, 236, 237
Davis, Ralph, 285
de Gaulle, Charles, 12, 41, 59, 79
American public and, 287–288, 290–291
Britain and, 291
burial site at Hyde Park, 289–290
Churchill, Winston, and, 291–293
funeral, 289–290
at opportune moment, 292–293
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 283–287
Roosevelt, James, and, 284–285, 287
San Francisco conference and, 292–293
Soviet Union and, 291
Truman and, 283–286
at Warm Springs, 278–288
world reaction to, 290–291
Declaration of Liberated Europe, 75, 136, 183, 196
Declaration of United Nations, 12,121, 122
Delano, Amasa, 261
Delano, Laura “Polly”
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 255, 276, 287
Suckley and, 195, 245, 246, 254, 255, 258, 261, 262, 266, 268, 271, 274, 276, 279, 286
at Warm Springs, 240, 254, 255, 258, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286–287
Democratic Convention
1924, 186
1928, 186–187
1944, 21–22
Department of Commerce, US, 16, 21, 28, 39–40, 197
Dewey, Thomas E., 7
Dowdell’s Knob, 262
Dresden, bombing of, 111–112
Drury, Allen, 220–221
Dumbarton Oaks conference, 53, 54, 108
Early, Stephen, 42, 176, 198, 227, 235, 276
death of FDR and, 278–279, 283–286
Eastern Europe
Churchill, Winston, and, 196, 197
FDR and, 14, 15, 98, 133, 135, 137, 204, 223
Soviet Union and, 15–16, 76, 77, 98, 133, 135, 196, 197, 204
as “sphere of influence” of Soviets, 135, 197
Yalta conference and, 88, 135, 137
Economic Bill of Rights speech (1944), 13, 294
Yalta trip and, 54–55, 59, 60, 76, 92, 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, 121, 128, 131, 132
El Alamein, 170
Alexandria, 167, 169, 170, 173
British victory over Germans in, 170–171
Tobruk, 170–171
US delegation to Yalta conference in, 143
Egyptian trip
Churchill, Winston, meeting with FDR, 169–171, 173–174
Farouk visit, 153
Hopkins, Harry, on, 174–176
Ibn Saud meeting, 155–165
motivations for, 143
Palestinian problem and, 143, 151, 152, 159–166
Roosevelt, Anna, on, 156, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176
Eisenhower, Dwight David, 56, 58, 247, 248
Eureka II, 88
Europe
British and Soviet competition over, 57
Combined Chiefs of Staff and strategy for, 56–58
Declaration of Liberated Europe, 75, 136, 183, 196
victory anticipated, 227, 258, 262
See also Eastern Europe; specific topics
European Theater, 49
Far East
Combined Chiefs of Staff and strategy for, 58–59
imperialism in, 120
and US-Soviet agreement, 116–120
Farouk, King, 153
Fayerweather, Margaret, 233, 234
FDR. See Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Feis, Herbert, 150
fireside chats, wartime, 72
Flynn, Edward J., 35–37, 52, 118, 296
Foreign Ministers, Yalta conference and, 80, 92, 93, 121,127, 128
Forrestal, James, 199
Four Freedoms, 74, 137, 183, 220, 298
France
Allied Control Commission and, 88, 93, 95
Britain and, 79
in postwar Germany plans, 88, 90, 93, 95
US and, 79
Yalta conference discussions about, 88, 90, 93, 95
Frankfurter, Felix, 205
Fredericks, Charlie, 10, 209, 270, 277
French journalists visit, 198–199
Fulbright and Connelly resolutions (1943), 31
Georgia. See Warm Springs
Georgia Hall, 240, 242, 269, 272, 274
Georgia Warm Springs Foundation, 240, 270, 27
minstrel show at, 269, 281–282
British victory in Egypt over, 170–171
Sevastopol taken by, 141
Soviet victories against, 73
See also World War II; specific topics
Germany
Allies’ invasion of Berlin, 247–248, 259
atomic bomb development by, 171
Bern incident, 203–204, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
bombings of, 111–112
Ibn Saud on, 159–160
Operation Wool, 252
Palestinian problem and, 159–160
Poland and migration of German people, 111
Soviet Union and, 57, 75–77, 135
Tehran conference discussions about, 89, 90, 91
Yalta conference discussions about, 80–83, 87–95, 138–139
See also Hitler, Adolph; Nazis; postwar Germany plans; specific topics
Great Bitter Lake, 143, 154, 155, 166
See also Egyptian trip
Greece
Athens speech of Churchill, Winston, 170
Britain and, 3, 9, 52, 196, 197
Grew, Joseph, 217
Hachmeister, Louise “Hacky,” 257, 270, 274, 275, 280
Halifax, Edward, 12, 134, 149, 197, 237
Harriman, Averell, 116–117, 229, 272, 292
on Yalta trip, 52, 69, 70, 83–85, 101, 115, 142
Harriman, Kathleen, 69–70, 74, 85, 124, 125
Hassett, William, 181, 192, 230, 233
at Warm Springs, 242, 243, 245, 246, 257, 261, 271, 273, 275–277, 278, 280, 286
Hatch, Carl A., 2
the Hawk (FDR’s ice-yacht), 194
health, of FDR
American public and, 6–7
anorexia, 225
cerebral hemorrhage, 13, 276, 277
Churchill, Winston, and, 225, 237
collapse at Warm Springs, 273–278
as failing, 4–7, 9, 21, 23, 26, 191–193, 198, 211, 225, 228, 237, 239–240, 242–245, 268
fatigue, 191–193, 199–200, 225, 232–233, 242–245, 268, 271
heart disease, 4–6
presidential campaign of 1944 and, 6–7, 296
Roosevelt, Anna (daughter), 192, 246, 276
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 181, 200, 233–234, 260, 276, 296
Suckley and, 10, 43, 195, 232–233, 243–245, 254, 258, 273–275, 278
United Nations and, 243
at Warm Springs, 243–245, 254, 258, 259, 267–268, 271, 273–278
Yalta address and, 191
Yalta trip and, 31–32, 34, 35, 43, 59–60, 62, 63, 70, 74, 87, 112–113, 125, 142, 167, 175, 177, 181–182, 186, 191–192
See also death, of FDR
Hitler, Adolph, 1–2, 45, 73, 220, 252
See also Germany
Hoover, Herbert, 213
Hopkins, Harry
close relationship with FDR, 70
Egyptian trip and, 174–176
health problems, 71, 115, 169, 175–176
Roosevelt, Anna, and, 70–71, 74
Yalta trip and, 38, 41–42, 52, 59, 60, 70–71, 74, 101, 106, 110, 115, 169
Hopkins, Robert, 129
Hornbeck, Stanley, 211–212
Hoskins, Harold, 149–150, 163, 164
Hull, Cordell, 53, 90, 92, 97, 115, 146, 147, 218–219
Hyde Park, 18, 19, 193, 195, 209, 231–233, 261
burial site of FDR, 232, 234, 289–290
Christmas at, 1–10
World War II memorial, 300
Hyde Park Memorandum, 206, 208
Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, 149, 151, 193
Churchill, Winston, and, 164–165
Egyptian trip meeting with FDR, 155–165
on Germany, 159–160
Palestinian problem and, 159–165
Ickes, Raymond, 199
immigration. See Jewish immigration
imperialism
in Far East, 120
See also British imperialism
Inter-American Conference on the Problems of War and Peace, 173
international bill of human rights proposal, 214, 216
isolationism, FDR and, 30–31, 100, 294
attack on Abyssinia (1935), 153–154
See also Bern incident
Jamestown, 30
Japan
atomic bomb usage on, 206, 208
See also war on Japan
Jefferson Day radio address, 299
Jewish immigration
to Palestine, 145–150, 164–165
postwar resettlement, 162
to US, 143–144
Jews
American Jewish Committee, 214, 216
international bill of human rights and, 214, 216
US Jewish community, 147
Jews, Palestine as homeland of. See Palestinian problem
Joint Chiefs of Staff, US, 13, 32, 51, 56, 57, 117, 203, 248
Yalta conference and, 75, 82, 111
See also Combined Chiefs of Staff
Jones, Jessie, 28
Juliana, Princess, 209, 210, 211, 213
King, Ernest, 46
King, Mackenzie, 199–200, 201, 204
Kirk, Alexander, 175
Korea, 119
Lahey, Frank, 5–6
Landis, James, 151
Lawson, Valentine, 116
League of Nations, 31, 53, 103, 145, 153, 185
Leahy, William D., 203, 252, 272, 273
Yalta trip and, 34, 37, 40, 64, 124, 135, 161, 164, 176, 178, 179
LeHand, Missy, 26–27
Lehman, Herbert, 12
Lilienthal, David, 198
Little White House, Warm Springs, 240, 244, 245, 254, 256, 267, 270, 274–275, 279, 286
Livadia Palace
Big Three photo session, 129
first meeting of Yalta conference at, 80–81
first night dinner with Stalin and Churchill, Winston, 83–86
Stalin and Roosevelt preliminary meeting at, 77–79
US delegation for Yalta conference and, 67–72, 74, 126
London Poles, 97, 99, 105, 128, 132, 184
Lublin Poles, 12, 105–107, 123, 131, 134, 217, 229, 230, 263
Lublin-based Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, 96–97, 100, 104–106, 110, 115, 122, 123, 127–129, 131–133, 196, 229, 263
MacLeish, Archibald, 235, 236, 237
Malta, 43
Britain and, 44–48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60
Churchill, Winston, and, 45, 47, 48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60, 110, 247
Combined Chiefs of Staff meeting in, 50, 56–60
Presidential Citation for, 46
pre-Yalta meetings, 50–52, 55–60
Roosevelt, Anna, with FDR in, 56, 59–60
Second Siege of Malta, 45
siege of (1565), 44
World War II and, 45–46
Manhattan Project, 172, 205–208, 295
manpower bill, 13,197, 235, 259
Marshall, George C., 13, 49, 50, 52, 56–58, 148, 170, 171, 247, 248, 250
Martha, Princess, 29, 193, 230
Maud Report, 171–172
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 213, 222–223, 292, 293, 299
McDonald, James G., 162
McIntire, Ross, 5–7, 11, 225, 243, 276–278, 286
Yalta trip and, 32, 62, 69, 70, 112–113, 177, 178, 182, 191–192
Mediterranean strategy, 49
Meiklejohn, Robert, 126
Memphis, USS, 7–48
Middle East oil
Britain and, 149
Mid-Hudson Bridge, 194
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw, 99, 100, 104, 134, 263
minorities, racial and religious, 294
Mize, Benjamin, 282
Modjeski, Ralph, 194–195
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 229–230
Yalta conference and, 36, 63, 81, 83, 107–110, 115, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 8, 22, 148
postwar Germany plan of, 89–90, 217–218
Warm Springs visit of, 266–268
Murray, Arthur, 145
Napoleon Bonaparte, 44–45
National Cathedral, 232
National Origins Act (1924), 144
Nazis
FDR’s speech on democracy and, 220
See also Germany
Netherlands
Churchill, Winston, and, 265
New York Times, 216–217
Nicholas II, 67
Norway, 230–231
Okinawa, 246
Olaf, Prince, 230
Operation Wool, 252
Ophie, Carmel, 175
Orion, HMS, 47
Osmena, Sergio, 256–257
Pacific Theater, 197
Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, 195
Palestine, Jewish immigration to, 145–150, 164–165
Palestinian problem
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry and, 162
Britain and, 145–150
Churchill, Winston, and, 147, 164–165
Egyptian trip and, 143, 151, 152, 159–166
FDR and, 143–152, 159–166, 216
Germany and, 159–160
Ibn Saud and, 159–165
overview, 145
Stalin and, 164
Paullin, James A., 5, 276, 277–278
Pearl Harbor
address by FDR, 72
Pearson, Drew, 201
percentages agreement, 51–52, 100, 135
Perkins, Frances, 4, 16, 23, 188, 199, 224, 225, 231–232, 286
Persia, 109
Pinchot, Gifford, 12, 19, 21, 109
Plog, William, 289
Poland, 195
Britain and, 105, 115, 122–123, 128, 130, 132, 184, 196, 263–264
Churchill, Winston, and, 98, 100, 104–107, 110–111, 122–123, 127–132, 135, 184, 196, 197, 236–237, 263–264
Curzon Line as eastern border of postwar, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 115
elections, 123, 127–128, 131–133
FDR and, 14, 31, 73, 74, 96–98
German people and, 111
London Poles, 97, 99, 105, 128, 132, 184
London-based government-in-exile, 96, 98–100, 105, 110, 122
Lublin Poles, 12, 105–107, 123, 131, 134, 217, 229, 230, 236, 263
Lublin-based Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, 96–97, 100, 104–106, 110, 115, 122, 123, 127–129, 131–133, 196, 229, 263
Moscow committee on, 128
permanent government, 104–106, 110, 115, 122–123, 127–128, 131–132
postwar frontier boundaries, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110–111, 115
provisional government, 115, 122–123, 127–128, 131, 133, 217, 263
Soviet Union and, 12–13, 37, 73, 74, 95–100, 105, 115, 127–136, 183, 184, 190, 196, 197, 203, 204, 217, 228–229, 236, 263–264
Stalin and, 95–100, 103–108, 110, 111, 122–123, 127, 129, 131, 134–136, 228–229, 236, 263
tripartite commission on, 217
US aircrews allowed in by Soviet Union to, 228–229
US delegation to Yalta and, 97, 115
Warsaw uprising, 99
Yalta accords and, 263
Yalta conference and, 88, 89, 95–100, 103–108, 110–111, 114–115, 121–123, 125–137, 183, 184, 189–191, 202, 217, 263
Polly. See Delano, Laura “Polly”
postwar Asia, Soviet-American cooperation and, 119, 120
postwar Germany plans, 268
Allied Control Commission in, 88, 93, 95
dismemberment of German state, 91–92
Yalta conference and, 90–95
zones of occupation in, 90, 93
postwar settlement issue, tripartite conversations about, 76
postwar world, FDR’s vision for, 74, 114, 118, 296, 298–300
cooperation with Soviet Union and, 297
Potomac Stewards, 32
Presidential Library, 18, 19, 261
press
death of FDR and, 280–281, 292
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 259–260, 286
Warm Springs press conference, 257–258
Prettyman, Arthur, 32, 254, 268, 273, 274
Quebec Agreement, 172
Quincy, USS
Egyptian trip and, 143, 153–155, 157, 160, 167, 169, 173, 175
journey home from Yalta, 176–177, 179, 180
warships escorting, 177
Yalta conference and, 34, 37–38, 41, 42, 48, 52
Red Army, Sevastopol retaken by, 141–142
Reilly, Michael, 156–157, 239–240, 269, 275
religious freedom, Soviet Union and, 36–37, 118
reparations, postwar German, 90, 91, 93–95, 138–139
Roosevelt, Anna (daughter), 4, 8, 17, 18, 35
access to FDR through, 218
on Egyptian trip, 156, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176
health of FDR and, 192, 246, 276
Hopkins, Harry, and, 70–71, 74
Rutherfurd and, 200–201
Yalta address and, 178–179, 182
on Yalta trip, 32, 34, 37–38, 40, 42, 59–60, 62–64, 66, 69–71, 74, 75, 83–86, 88, 101, 112–113, 126, 139, 156, 167, 169–170, 177–179
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 8, 10, 40, 169, 182, 194, 208, 219, 224
companionship issues with FDR, 255, 287
conflicts with FDR, 17–18, 32, 34
death of FDR and, 283–287
Delano, Laura, and, 255, 276, 287
disability of FDR and, 187–188
health of FDR and, 181, 200, 233–234, 260, 276, 296
St. Patrick’s Day wedding anniversary, 209–211
Suckley and, 255
at Warm Springs, 286
Roosevelt, Elliott (son), 9, 10
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 214
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR)
accomplishments and political acumen of, 295–299
book collection of, 261
buildup of military and industrial capacity by, 73, 74, 295
cabinet of, 22–23, 199, 223–224, 286
campaign for fourth term in 1944, 5–7, 296
Chandor portrait of, 213–214, 215
as Christian, 231
common people and, 293–294
D-Day Prayer of, 238
decline of administration of, 228
Easter Sunday and, 244–246
fourth term inauguration, 24–29
fourth term of, 5–7
grandchildren of, 23–24, 27, 285
last Christmas of, 1–10
leadership impact on 20th and 21st centuries, 293–294
legacy of globalism of, 299
New Year, 1945, 12–29
as New York governor, 194
personal relationship with Churchill, 170–171
policy of procrastination of, 73
Presidential Library, 18, 19, 261
racial and religious minorities and, 294
religion and, 231–232
secrecy of, 296
sixty-third birthday, 40
transformative nature of presidency of, 293–294
walking technique of, 186–187
will of, 26–27
youth of, 1
See also specific topics
Roosevelt, James (son), 26–27, 29
death of FDR and, 284–285, 287
Yalta address and, 13, 167, 175, 176, 178–179, 182, 191
Russia. See Soviet Union
Russian palaces, on Yalta shore, 66
Vorontzov Palace and British delegation, 68–69
Yalta conference delegations housed in, 67–69
Yusupov Palace and Soviet delegation, 69
See also Livadia Palace
Rutherfurd, Lucy Mercer, 18–19, 180, 219, 255
Roosevelt, Anna, and, 200–201
at Warm Springs, 256, 260–262, 266, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277, 287
Sacred Cow (FDR’s aircraft), 61–62, 142
San Francisco conference, 258, 260, 297
American Jewish Committee’s proposals for, 214, 216
death of FDR and, 292–293
difficult issues, 216–217, 221–222
international bill of human rights proposal, 214, 216
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly, 217, 221–222, 236, 247
Soviet Union and, 217, 221–223, 229–230, 292
stamp commemorating, 272–273
US delegation to, 202, 217, 221–222
Yalta address and, 190
Yalta conference and, 121, 217
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 198
Saudi Arabia, 224–225
Britain and, 158–159
See also Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz
Second Siege of Malta, 45
Senn, Elliott, 37, 42, 176, 180
Sforza, Carlo, 3
Sherwood, Robert, 31
Shoumatoff, Elizabeth, 285
sketching FDR at Warm Springs, 260, 261–262, 268, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277
Smith, A. Merriman, 279–281
Smith, Harold D., 11
Snyder, Monty, 243
socialism
See also communism
Soviet delegation, to Yalta conference
dinner hosted by, 124–125
Yusupov Palace housing of, 69
See also Yalta conference
Soviet Union (USSR)
aid from Britain and US to, 75–76
allowing US aircrews into Poland, 228–229
American public and, 223
Bern incident and, 203–204, 229, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
Catholic Church and, 36, 37, 118
competition over Europe with Britain, 57
confrontational approach of Churchill, Winston, to, 204
Czechoslovak-Russian Treaty of Friendship, 98
death of FDR and, 291
Eastern Europe and, 15–16, 76, 77, 135, 196, 197, 204
FDR’s vision for postwar world and cooperation with, 297
invasion of Berlin by, 82, 83, 247–248
issue of General Assembly seats allocated to, 4, 52, 108, 114, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258
Poland and, 12–13, 37, 73, 74, 95–100, 105, 115, 127–136, 183, 184, 190, 196, 197, 203, 204, 217, 228–230, 236, 263–264
recognition by FDR of, 36, 118, 119
religious freedom and, 36–37, 118
San Francisco conference and, 217, 221–223, 229–230, 292
Sevastopol retaken by Red Army, 141–142
territorial issues and, 196
United Nations and, 4, 52–55, 100, 108–109, 112, 114, 183, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258, 297
US Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 204
victories against German military, 73
war on Japan and, 116–119, 124
See also World War II; specific topics
Soviet-American cooperation
British imperialism and, 119
“new world” and, 137
Yalta accords and, 134
Spaman, Guy, 275
speeches, of FDR
on democracy and Nazis, 220
Economic Bill of Rights, 294
San Francisco conference, 270, 292
State of the Union, 1945, 13–15, 300
United Nations, 224
University of Virginia address, 30–31
See also Yalta address
St. James church, 231
St. Patrick’s Day wedding anniversary, 209–211
Stalin, Joseph
Anglo-American differences with, 203, 264
Bern incident and, 248–252, 264, 265, 272
early tripartite conversations and, 76
independent relationship with FDR, 48
issue of allowing US aircrews into Poland and, 228–229
issues causing tensions between FDR and, 228–230, 236
Livadia Palace preliminary meeting with FDR, 77–79
Palestinian problem and, 164
percentages agreement with Churchill, Winston, 51–52, 135
Poland and, 95–100, 103–108, 110, 111, 122–123, 127, 129, 131, 134–136, 228–230, 236, 263
postwar security and, 135
socialism of, 134
Tehran conference and, 15, 48, 50
territorial issues and, 73, 74, 76
as “Uncle Joe,” 86
United Nations and, 54, 102–103, 108, 121, 122
war on Japan and, 114, 116–117
Yalta conference and, 16, 36, 39, 42, 48, 70, 73–86, 90–108, 110, 111, 114, 116–117, 119–125, 127, 129, 131, 134–140, 143, 164, 179, 184, 185
in Yusupov Palace, 69
See also Big Three; Soviet Union
State of the Union (1945), 13–15, 300
Stettinius, Edward, 3, 235, 246, 286
San Francisco conference and, 217, 236, 247
Yalta conference and, 22, 50, 52, 54–55, 59, 60, 82, 87–88, 100–102, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115, 127, 131–132, 136
Stevens, Ruth “Ruthie,” 262, 269, 279
Stimson, Henry, 90, 148, 203, 207
Strait of Gibraltar, 40–42, 177
Stroganoff, George, 142
Suckley, Margaret “Daisy,” 9, 18–19, 23, 24, 28, 167, 180
death of FDR and, 279, 286, 287
Delano, Laura, and, 245, 246, 254, 255, 258, 261, 262, 266, 268, 271, 274, 276, 279, 286
friendship with FDR, 254–255
health of FDR and, 10, 43, 195, 232–233, 243–245, 254, 258, 273–275, 278
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 255
at Warm Springs, 240, 243–245, 254–262, 268, 270, 271, 273–275, 277–279, 286, 287
Switzerland, Bern incident. See Bern incident
Germany discussions at, 89, 90, 91
Yalta conference and, 88–89
territorial issues
Churchill, Winston, and, 196
Curzon Line, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 115
Soviet Union and, 196
Yalta conference and, 188–189
Tobruk, Egypt, 170–171
tripartite commission, on Poland, 217
tripartite conversations
about postwar settlement, 76
See also Big Three conferences
Truman, Harry, 24, 174, 226, 289, 296
death of FDR and, 283–286
trusteeships, international
UN Trusteeship Council, 39, 298–299
Yalta conference discussions about, 117, 119, 120, 136
Tully, Grace, 18, 19, 181, 182, 237–238, 260
death of FDR and, 279, 286–287
at Warm Springs, 270, 274, 277, 279, 286–287
UN. See United Nations
UN Charter
Congress and, 185
international control of atomic bomb and, 207
as purest expression of FDR’s cause, 298
UN Charter, San Francisco conference on. See San Francisco conference
United Nations (UN)
American public and, 101–102, 183, 190, 223
Britain and, 52–54
Churchill, Winston, and, 101, 103, 109–110, 114, 122
contradictions in FDR’s drive for, 298
Declaration of United Nations, 121, 122
economic development and, 109
health of FDR and, 243
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly, 4, 52, 108, 114, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258
Palestinian problem and, 163, 165
as proposition, 2, 4, 14–15, 19
Security Council, 4, 14, 52, 53, 102, 103, 108, 112, 136
Soviet Union and, 4, 52–55, 100, 108–109, 112, 114, 183, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258, 297
speech by FDR, 224
Stalin and, 54, 102–103, 108, 121, 122
State of the Union address on, 300
Trusteeship Council, 39, 298–299
US delegation to Yalta and, 115–116
as vision of FDR, 74
voting and veto rights, 4, 52–55, 100–103, 108, 122
Yalta address and, 190
Yalta conference and, 32, 52–55, 85–86, 100–103, 107–110, 112, 114, 121, 124, 216, 217
United States (US)
aid to Soviet Union from, 75–76
atomic bomb and, 117, 171–173, 205–208
British imperialism and, 51, 59
FDR’s impact on world’s relationship to, 294–297
France and, 79
Jewish community, 147
Jewish immigration to, 143–144
Middle East oil and, 148–149
National Origins Act, 144
Netherlands crisis and, 211–213, 265
Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, 227
problems between Britain and, 171–173
Saudi Arabia and, 148–149, 159–161
war on Japan and, 116, 117, 197
See also Anglo-Americans; specific topics
University of Virginia address, 30–31
US. See United States
US army, 2
US delegation, to San Francisco conference, 217
bipartisan makeup of, 202
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly and, 221–222, 236
US delegation, to Yalta conference, 61, 142
in Egypt, 143
Livadia Palace and, 67–72, 74, 126
United Nations and, 115–116
See also Yalta conference
US military
GIs returning to US, 228
Soviet Union allowing US aircrews into Poland, 228–229
US Army competition for manpower, 57
USSR. See Soviet Union
Vandenberg, Arthur, 15–16, 236
San Francisco conference and, 202–203, 222
Vishinski, Andrei, 63
Vorontzov Palace, 68–69
Walker, Frank, 272
Wallace, Henry A., 4, 22, 25–26, 289–90
FDR’s health and, 14, 21, 25–26
secretary of commerce position and, 16, 21, 28, 39–40, 197
war on Japan
Soviet Union and, 116–119, 124
Yalta conference and, 114, 116–117, 124
Warm Springs, 195, 234, 237–239, 263, 265
April 12th, last day of FDR’s life at, 269–288
barbeque, 262
Bruenn at, 242–243, 254, 259, 268, 274–278, 280, 281, 286
chapel, 245
collapse of FDR at, 273–274
death of FDR at, 278–288
Delano, Laura, at, 240, 254, 255, 258, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286–287
Georgia Hall, 240, 242, 269, 274
Georgia Warm Springs Foundation, 240, 269, 270, 274, 281–282
Hassett at, 242, 243, 245, 246, 261, 271, 273, 275–277, 280, 286
health of FDR at, 243–245, 254, 258, 259, 267–268, 271, 273–278
Little White House, 240, 244, 245, 254, 256, 267, 270, 274–275, 279, 286
Morgenthau visit to, 266–268
neighbors, 262
press conference at, 257–258
Roosevelt, Eleanor, at, 286
Rutherfurd at, 256, 260–262, 266, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277, 287
Shoumatoff sketching FDR at, 260, 261–262, 268, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277
Suckley at, 240, 243–245, 254–262, 268, 270, 271, 273–275, 277–279, 286, 287
Tully at, 270, 274, 277, 279, 286–287
Warsaw uprising, 99
Watson, Edwin “Pa,” 169, 177–180, 182, 198
West, Benjamin, 186
White House Correspondents’ Dinner, 219
March 1941 speech on democracy and Nazis at, 220
March 1945, 220–221
Wilhelmina, Queen, 211, 212–213
Wilson, Woodrow, 3, 22, 31, 192, 195, 285, 293
Wise, Stephen, 163
Wolff, Karl, 203, 228, 249, 250, 252
FDR’s goal of shared values for, 137, 297–298
FDR’s impact on US relationship to, 294–297
FDR’s vision for postwar, 74, 114, 118, 296–300
free movement of capital and free trade, 295
“New Deal for World,” 296–297
reaction to death of FDR, 290–291
anti-isolationism of FDR, 30–31
Ardennes battle, 1–2, 10, 56, 82
Congress and, 12–13, 15–16, 31
Hyde Park memorial, 300
Malta and, 45–46
State of the Union address on, 13–15
See also specific topics
Yalta
German occupation of, 66–67, 141
Russian palaces on shore of, 66
Churchill, Winston, and, 196, 236
Poland and, 263
trouble for, 196
Yalta address
American public and, 190
to Congress, 163, 182, 186–192
drafting, 167, 175, 176, 178–179, 182
health of FDR and, 191
Roosevelt, Anna, and, 178–179, 182
Rosenman and, 13, 167, 175, 176, 178–179, 182, 191
San Francisco conference and, 190
United Nations and, 190
Yalta conference
Atlantic sojourn to, 31–32, 34–43
British delegation, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 61, 68–69
Churchill, Winston, and, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 70–71, 81, 83, 85, 86, 91–95, 97, 101, 103–107, 109–111, 114, 122–124, 127–132, 134–139, 169–170, 179, 184
Combined Chiefs of Staff and, 82, 111, 129
Crimea journey to, 61–66
Declaration of Liberated Europe and, 75, 136, 183, 196
delegations housed in Russian palaces, 67–69
fifth day (February 8), 114–125
first meeting at Livadia Palace, 80–81
Foreign Ministers and, 92, 93, 121
Four Freedoms, Atlantic Charter and, 137, 183
fourth day (February 7), 107–113
France in discussions at, 88, 90, 93, 95
German reparations discussions at, 93–95, 138–139
Germany discussions at, 80–83, 87–95, 93–95, 138–139
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly, 52, 108, 114, 217, 222, 236
Malta preliminary meetings before, 50–52, 55–60
military issues discussed at, 80–84
Molotov and, 36, 63, 81, 83, 107–110, 115, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131
Poland and, 88, 89, 95–100, 103–108, 110–111, 114–115, 121–123, 125–137, 183, 184, 189–191, 202, 217, 263
post-conference communiqué, 139
postwar Germany plans and, 90–95
as premature peace conference, 74
purposes of, 188–189
San Francisco conference and, 121, 217
second day (February 5), 87–95
selling to American public, 182–185
selling to Congress, 182–186
seventh day (February 10), 131–139
sixth day (February 9), 126–131
Soviet delegation, 69, 124–125
Stalin and, 16, 36, 39, 42, 48, 70, 73–86, 90–108, 110, 111, 114, 116–117, 119–125, 127, 129, 131, 134–140, 143, 164, 179, 184, 185
Stettinius and, 22, 50, 52, 54–55, 59, 60, 82, 87–88, 100–102, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115, 127, 131–132, 136
Tehran conference and, 88–89
territorial issues and, 188–189
third day (February 6), 100–106
trusteeships discussed at, 117, 119, 120, 136
United Nations and, 32, 52–55, 85–86, 100–103, 107–110, 112, 114, 121, 124, 216, 217
US delegation, 61, 67–72, 74, 97, 115–116
US Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 75
war on Japan and, 114, 116–117, 124
See also Yalta trip
Yalta trip
arrival home from, 180–181
Bruenn and, 32, 62, 70, 74, 84, 87, 112–113, 125, 177
Eden on, 54–55, 59, 60, 92, 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, 121, 128, 131, 132
Harriman, Averell, and, 52, 69, 70, 83–85, 101, 115
health of FDR on, 31–32, 34, 35, 43, 59–60, 62, 63, 70, 74, 87, 112–113, 125, 142, 167, 175, 177, 181–182, 186, 191–192
Hopkins, Harry, on, 38, 41–42, 52, 59, 60, 70–71, 74, 101, 106, 115, 169
Leahy on, 34, 37, 40, 64, 124, 135, 161, 164, 176, 178, 179
McIntire and, 32, 62, 69, 70, 112–113, 177, 178, 182, 191–192
Roosevelt, Anna, on, 32, 34, 37–38, 40, 42, 59–60, 62–64, 66, 69–71, 74, 75, 83–86, 88, 101, 112–113, 126, 139, 156, 167, 169–170, 177–179
See also Yalta conference
Yusupov Palace, 69
Zeeland, 212