INDEX

ABC News, 729

Abele v. Markle, 544, 566, 568, 574, 583, 588, 956n1

Able, Melissa, 603

Abortion (Lader), 318

Abortion Education Committee of Dallas, 461, 462

Abortion Reform Association (ARA), 360, 370, 381–384 passim

Abortion Rights Mobilization (ARM), 708, 727, 732–733

Abortionist, The (Rappaport), 284, 285, 504

Abraham, Spencer, 973n73

Abramowicz v. Lefkowitz, 380–381, 408, 502

Abrams, Robert, 649

Ad Hoc Committee for Abortion Law Reform, 317

Adametz, Jere, 151

Adkins, Leonard D., 126, 129

Advances for Choice, 728

Advocates for Life Ministries, 703, 711, 719, 726

Ainsworth, Robert A., 459–460, 482

Ajello, Carl, Jr., 545

Akron. See City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health

Akron Center. See Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health

Alabama, 1967 legislature, 332, 338

Alaska, passes 1970 repeal bill, 431–432, 457

Alcorn, Meade, 126

Alliance for Humane Abortions, 431

Alling, Koland G., 8, 65

Allison, Van Kleeck, 12, 46

Alsop, John deK., 113–115, 117, 118

Alsup, William H., 532, 551

America, 256, 282, 303, 313, 342, 385, 562, 619

American Association of University Women (AAUW), 412, 495

American Baptist Convention, 333

American Bar Association (ABA), 539, 561, 589

American Birth Control League, 14–20 passim, 25, 29, 49, 56, 60, 274

American Center for Law and Justice, 712

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 115–116, 139, 200, 267, 351, 613; and Poe cases, 154, 164, 166, 170, 171, 173, 231; and Griswold, 216, 221, 225, 232, 234, 297; and abortion, 276, 296, 313–314, 333, 349, 352, 370, 371; and Bill Baird, 321–322, 517; and abortion litigation, 379–380, 383, 388, 424, 463, 492, 494, 497, 505; and post-Roe abortion issues, 616, 690; and post-Roe sexual privacy cases, 621–624 passim, 653, 654, 665

American Coalition of Life Activists (ACLA), 711–712, 714, 726

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), 278, 350, 491, 501, 504, 505, 731

American Council for Graduate Medical Education, 717

American Enterprise Institute, 738

American Eugenics Society, 21, 30

American Humanist Association, 291

American Law Institute (ALI), 277

American Life League, 738

American Medical Association (AMA), 614; and birth control, 43–44, 48; and abortion, 302, 312, 333, 455, 456, 491, 589, 669; and partial-birth abortions, 731

American Medical News, 378, 719

American Medical Women’s Association, 501

American Psychiatric Association, 501

American Public Health Association (APHA), 357, 361, 589

American Social Hygiene Association, 9

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), 312

Amshoff, Theodore H., Jr., 715

Amsterdam, Anthony, 186, 190, 191, 371

Anderson, Buist, 123

Anderson, Kenneth, 340

Andrews, Richard T., 732

Andrus, Cecil, 682

Anwyl, J. Hugh, 380

Appel, Cheri, 31, 34

Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 243

Arizona, 1967 legislature, 316, 317, 319, 327, 332; 1970 legislature, 412

Arizona Republic, 285, 286

Arkansas, passes 1969 reform bill, 369

Arkansas Democrat, 606

“Army of God,” 971n59

Army Times, 686

Arnold, Anne, 92

Arnold, Richard S., 175–176, 184–185, 190–191, 192–193

Arnold, Thurman, 151

Ashcroft. See Planned Parenthood Association of Kansas City v. Ashcroft

Association for Humane Abortion (AHA), 297–298, 300. See also Association for the Study of Abortion (ASA).

Association for the Study of Abortion (ASA), 300, 302–303, 305, 308, 340, 345, 388, 507, 577, 579; and Robert Hall, 313, 317, 318, 339, 356, 360, 371, 376, 456, 483, 607; relative conservatism of, 344, 346, 349, 374; funds Means and Lucas, 352, 353; holds crucial conference, 357–359, 363, 364; and Hall case, 379, 409; and amicus briefs, 468, 492, 494

Atlanta Constitution, 303, 422, 423, 606

Atlanta Journal, 422

Atlantic Monthly, The, 149, 301

Austin American-Statesman, 392

Avery, Christopher L., 76, 78, 100

Babbitz, Sidney G., 414–415, 465, 469, 487

Babbitz v. McCann, 414–415, 416; influence of, 417, 428, 442, 446, 448, 453, 459–460, 481, 482, 495, 496; appeals of, 465, 468, 469, 487, 488

Babies by Choice or by Chance (Guttmacher), 278

Bailey, John M., 121, 122, 123, 138

Baird, William R., early activism of, 314–315, 317; 1967 Boston arrest, conviction, and jailing of, 320–323, 325, 343, 372–374, 376, 410; appellate victory of, 457; and U.S. Supreme Court, 487, 517–520, 541–543; and Bellotti I, 625, 626; and Bellotti II, 631, 632

Baird v. Massachusetts, 373–374, 410. See also Eisenstadt v. Baird

Baker, Donald F., 647–648, 656

Baker v. Wade, 647–648, 652, 656, 666

Bakke. See Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Baldwin, Raymond E., 28, 32, 33, 151; as Governor of Connecticut, 89, 91, 96, 102, 109, 119; as Connecticut Chief Justice, 163–165, 211–212, 222

Baldwin, Simeon, 67

Balk, Jacob, 366

Balliro, Joseph J., 322, 343, 373, 410, 517

Barber, James C., 647

Barker, Creighton, 67

Barlotta, Rose, 45

Barlow, George H., 540

Barnes, Fred, 732

Barnes, James T., 328

Barnes, Susan Graham, 323, 324

Barnum, Phineas T., 16, 78, 116, 193, 195, 472, 757–758n37

Barrett, Francis J., 93

Barrett, James H., 705, 710–713, 718

Barrett, June, 710

Barrows v. Jackson, 512

Barstow, Robbins, 88, 93, 95

Barzelay, Douglas E., 611–612

Bauer, Gary, 732

Beal v. Doe, 627, 628

Beale, T. F. Rutledge, 21

Beasley, Dorothy Toth, 446–447, 449, 450, 458; appeals Doe to Supreme Court, 459, 465, 509–510; and first Doe argument, 523, 527–528; and second Doe argument, 557, 565, 571–572, 599; and Doe aftermath, 602

Becket, G. Campbell, 111, 112

Beckwith, David, 588

Beddingfield, Edgar T., Jr., 328, 329

Beebe, Lorraine, 567

Beers, William L., 104, 105–106

Beilenson, Anthony C., 446, 634; sponsors California reform bill, 290, 292, 296, 298–300, 301, 304, 305, 307, 344; helps pass 1967 reform bill, 330–332, 349, 355; sponsors 1970 repeal bill, 457

Bell, Alden, 330

Bell, Frank, 712

Bellotti, Francis, 625

Bellotti v. Baird I, 625–626, 643, 697

Bellotti v. Baird II, 631, 632, 637, 638

Beloff, Anita, 137

Belous, Leon P., 354–356, 364–366, 377–379. See also People v. Belous, California v. Belous

Ben-Shalom, Miriam, 687

Benham, Flip, 520, 711, 712, 714

Bennett, John C., 630

Bennett, Josephine Day, 9, 10, 14, 16, 21

Benshoof, Janet, 975n82, 976n87

Bensing, Joel Lee, 426–427, 444, 445, 465, 497

Bensing, Sandra, 426–427, 444–445, 447, 450, 465, 497, 523, 598; and Doe aftermath, 602–603

Benton, William, 120

Berg, Harold, 202–204, 206, 208, 209–210, 212

Bergen (N.J.) Record, 727

Berman, Moses, 433

Bermingham, John, 324

Bernardin, Joseph L., 620

Berniere, Walter, 188

Bezanson, Randall P., 581, 607, 956n1

Bick, Robert N., 301

Biddle, Craig, 330, 331

Biden, Joseph R., Jr., 669, 670, 672

Bingham, Alfred M., 92, 93, 95, 97

Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau, 15, 19, 20, 23–24, 31, 58, 60, 81

Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA), 274; 1939 creation of, 2, 60; and 1939 Waterbury arrests, 63, 64, 71, 73–74; and aftermath of Nelson, 79–81, 83–88, 92, 94, 96; becomes PPFA, 100, 271. See also Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA)

Birth Control League of Massachusetts (BCLM), 12, 20, 27, 31; and 1937 raids, 45–48, 54–56; and Gardner decision, 58–60. See also Massachusetts Mothers’ Health Council

Birth Control Review, 14, 18, 19, 20, 24, 274

Black, Charles, 371

Black, Hugo L., 513; and Poe v. Ullman, 169, 179, 181–186 passim, 191, 193, 194; and Griswold, 237–244 passim, 251, 254–255, 256, 263, 266; and Vuitch, 475–480 passim, 488–490; and Roe v. Wade, 491; retirement of, 507, 509, 511, 512

Blackmun, Harry A., 473–474, 624, 707; and Vuitch, 475–478, 480, 489; and Roe v. Wade, 491, 501, 521; and Eisenstadt, 519–520, 536, 541, 542; and first Roe/Doe conference, 530–534; and initial opinion drafting, 535, 537–538; first circulates Roe/Doe draft opinions, 547–552; advocates reargument of Roe and Doe, 552–556, 557; and summer work on Roe/Doe opinions, 558–559, 560, 561; and second Roe/Doe oral argument, 568–573; and second Roe/Doe conference, 573–576; and final drafting of Roe/Doe opinions, 580–587; formally announces Roe and Doe decisions, 588–595, 596, 598–599; and initial reactions to Roe and Doe, 601, 605–608 passim, 617; academic criticisms of, 609–614; and later citations of Roe/Doe opinions, 623; and Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, 625–626; and Maher, 628; and Colautti, 631–632; and Bellotti II, 632; and Harris v. McRae, 635; and H. L., 637–638; and Akron, 641–643; and sexual privacy cases, 646; and Uplinger, 648; and Bowers, 656–657, 659–667 passim, 670; and Thornburgh, 661, 667–668, 673; and Webster, 675–679; and Akron Center, 682, 684; and Rust, 685–686; and Bray, 689, 702; and Casey, 691–692, 693, 697, 698–700

Blackstone, William, 569

Blazi, John A., 202–204, 205, 206, 212

Block, Donald L., 444, 447

Bloom, Daniel, 295, 296

Bloom, Sylvia, 295, 296

Blumenthal, Albert H.: sponsors New York reform bill, 308, 311, 312, 315, 317, 318, 344–347 passim; and 1969 legislature, 356, 367–369; backs 1970 repeal effort, 408

Bolton, Arthur K., 428, 446, 459, 465, 571, 599, 602

Bonser, Alan, 340, 360, 422, 423

Booker, Joseph, Jr., 718

Bopp, James, Jr., 679–680

Borchard, Edwin, 103, 104, 781–782n33, 782nn35, 36

Bork, Robert H.: and Griswold, 264–267, 268; and Roe, 639; and Dronenburg, 649–650, 656, 662, 666; Supreme Court nomination of, 668–672; and Casey, 701

Boston Globe, 410, 606

Boston Herald, 256

Boult, Reber F., Jr., 463, 464, 497, 523, 527

Bourne, Judith, 422–428, 438, 444–445, 450, 459, 483, 492, 523, 598–599

Bourne, Peter, 422–427 passim, 444–445, 523

Bowden, Henry, 446

Bowers, Michael, 654, 655, 656

Bowers, Richard M., 340

Bowers, Ruth McLean, 500, 509, 523, 528, 572

Bowers v. Hardwick, ix, 654–657, 658–661, 663–667, 670, 674, 686–687, 724, 956n1

Bowles, Chester, 118–119, 120

Bowles, Dorothy, 118–119

Boyd, Curtis, 955n1

Bozell, L. Brent, 151

Bradford, Dorothy, 45

Bradley, Frank J., 403

Bradley, Kenneth J., 37

Brandeis, Louis D., 172, 195, 252, 254, 260–262, 536, 596, 664, 821n83

Brandlin, Joseph J., 365

Bray, Jayne, 702, 703

Bray, Michael, 651, 652, 703, 711, 714, 971n59

Bray v. Alexandria Women’s Health Clinic, 688, 689, 692, 702, 706

Breihan, Bob, 392–393, 439, 486

Brennan, William J., Jr., 474; and Poe v. Ullman, 175–186 passim, 190–194, 198–199, 225, 269; and Griswold, 237, 242–243, 246–253; and Vuitch, 417, 479, 489, 490, 509; and Roe v. Wade, 491, 521; and Eisenstadt, 518–520, 541–544, 566, 571, 596, 597, 599, 621; and first Roe/Doe conference, 529–533; and initial opinion drafting, 534–537; and first Blackmun draft opinions, 548–549, 551; opposes reargument of Roe/Doe, 553, 555–556, 560; and second Roe/Doe conference, 573, 574, 576; and final drafting of Roe/Doe opinions, 580–587; and sexual privacy cases, 621, 622, 646, 652; and Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, 625; and Carey, 627–628; and Maher, 628; and Bellotti II, 632; and Harris v. McRae, 635; and H. L., 637–638; and Akron, 641–642; and Uplinger, 646, 648, 649; and Bowers, 656–657, 659–660, 664; and Akron Center, 682, 684; retires from Court, 684

Breslow, Lester, 361

Brest, Paul, 665

Breyer, Stephen G., 250, 707, 729

Bridgeport Herald, 69

Bridgeport Maternal Health Center, 1, 49, 54

Brigham, Steven C., 716

Bring, Murray H., 168

Britton, John Bayard, 705, 710–713, 716, 718

Bronson, Richardson, 86

Brown, Allyn, 76, 77, 100

Brown, Charles, 58, 65

Brown, John R., 387, 388, 398, 436, 444

Brown, Judie, 738

Brown, Ralph E., 309

Brown, Ralph S., 139

Brown v. Board of Education, x, 136, 473, 690, 692, 695, 741

Browne, F. W. Stella, 272–273, 274, 293

Brownmiller, Susan, 363, 408

Brunelle, Pierre V., 376–377

Bruner, Fred, 388, 434–439, 441–443, 454, 461, 501, 516, 523

Bruno, Leopoldo, 392–393

Bryan, Albert V., 621–622

Brydges, Earl W., 311, 409, 418–419, 421, 545

B.U. News, 320, 322

Buchanan, Alvin L., 398

Buchanan, Patrick J., 546

Buchanan v. Batchelor, 398, 401–402, 403, 436, 448, 485, 487, 620, 621, 647

Buchmeyer, Jerry, 647–648, 652, 656

Buckley, Ferdinand, 348, 444, 446, 448, 449, 450

Buckley, James, 609

Buckley, William F., Jr., 149, 151, 230; and abortion, 303, 606

Buffett, Susan, 355

Buffett, Warren, 355, 380, 727

Bulkeley, Morgan G., 109

Burger, Warren E., 473–474; and Vuitch, 418, 476–480, 489; and Roe v. Wade, 491, 501, 521, 524, 526; and Eisenstadt, 518–520, 541, 543; and first Roe/Doe conference, 528–530, 532–534, 537, 548, 549; supports reargument of Roe/Doe, 553–560, 564; and second Roe/Doe argument, 568–573; and second Roe/Doe conference, 573–574, 576; and final drafting of Roe/Doe opinions, 581, 585, 586–588; final Roe/Doe concurrence by, 597, 600; and Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, 626; and Sendak, 627; and Carey, 628; and Bellotti II, 632; and Colautti, 632; and Harris v. McRae, 634; and H. L., 637, 638; and Akron, 642; and Uplinger, 644, 646, 649; and Thornburgh, 652, 657, 662; and Bowers, 657, 659, 661, 663; retires from Court, 662–663, 668

Burnett, Andrew, 703, 711

Burns, John A., 412–414

Burrall, Lucy, 66

Burrall, Mary, 66

Burt, John, 658, 702, 706

Bush, George, 472, 673, 684, 689

Bush, Prescott, 120, 124, 788–789n62

Bush, Ruth Barnett, 362, 955n1

Bushby, Laura, 124

Bushby, Wilkie, 124

Butler, Charles W., 427

Butler, Robert P., 17

Buxton, C. Lee, initial involvement with PPLC, 135–142 passim; and abortion, 142, 259, 260, 276, 296, 302, 309, 340, 364, 370, 795n19; organizes Poe v. Ullman, 143–147, 152–157 passim, 161, 163, 165–169 passim, 173–179 passim, 182, 187, 195; and 1961 clinic opening, 196–198, 200–201, 203–210; trial and conviction of, 212–217, 221, 222; and Griswold appeal, 224–233 passim, 237, 239, 244, 251, 252; and Griswold aftermath, 255, 257–259, 260, 267, 268, 269, 315, 599, 741

Buxton, Helen, 130, 143–144, 224, 257, 258–259, 260

Buxton v. Ullman, 154, 164–169 passim, 175, 177, 186, 193, 211, 212. See also Poe v. Ullman.

Byrn, Robert M., 298, 301, 313, 342, 346, 522, 538, 561, 608, 609

Byrn v. New York City Health and Hospitals Corp., 522, 568, 574

Byrne, Ethel, 12, 13

Byrne, Richard P., 330

Cabot, Thomas, 500

Cadbury, Leah Tapper, 49–54, 72, 599, 768n86

Cady, Francis C., 141

Cahill, Susan, 729

Calabresi, Guido, 613–614

Calderone, Mary S., 197, 275–276, 280–281, 285, 293, 302

Calhoun, Frank E., 123, 128

California, 1961 legislature, 282–283; 1963 legislature, 290, 292, 296; 1965 legislature, 298–299, 301; 1967 legislature passes reform bill, 330–332; limited impact of 1967 law, 360, 375; impact of Belous decision in, 380, 411, 457

California v. Belous, 410. See also People v. Belous

California Committee for Therapeutic Abortion (CCTA), 305–308, 309, 323, 354, 374; and 1967 reform bill, 330, 332, 349, 375–376; and Belous, 355, 364, 365, 366, 378, 411

California Medical Association, 306, 330, 378

California Medicine, 280

Callahan, Daniel, 455–456, 606

Calverly, Eleanor Taylor, 37, 41, 50, 57, 76, 92

Campbell, James S., 245, 246, 249, 250, 252

Campbell, Loraine, 47, 88, 89, 285, 291; and Poe cases, 155–159 passim, 162–163, 164, 169, 172; on Bill Baird, 322–323

Campbell, R. Paul, 457

Campbell, William, 481, 513

Canady, Charles T., 719, 720, 721

Canfield, Cass, 196, 199, 208

Cannon, Raymond J., 156–164 passim, 170–171, 173, 176, 178–180, 232

Cano, Sandra Bensing. See Bensing, Sandra

Cantor, Donald, 340, 370

Cardozo, Benjamin, 264

Carey v. Population Services International, 627–628, 645, 648, 655, 658, 664, 694

Cargo, David F., 369

Carhart, LeRoy, 734

Carmen, Arlene, 350–351

Carmody, Dorothy Chase, 61

Carmody, Edward T., 61–62

Carraba, Salvatore, 142

Carswell, G. Harrold, 474

Carter, Jimmy, 636, 637

Carter, Robert, 337

Casey. See Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

Casey, Robert P., 681

Cassibry, Fred J., 460

Catholic Council on Civil Liberties (CCCL), 221, 225, 228, 232, 234

Catholic Transcript, 35, 96, 198

Catley-Carlson, Margaret, 728

Catt, Carrie Chapman, 10

CBS Reports, 214–215

Cedar Rapids Gazette, 607

Chamberlain, Jerome, 438

Chang, Kevin S. C., 726

Charles, Alan F., 299, 330, 332, 446, 464

Chase, Edith, 49, 50, 51, 66

Chase, Florence, 49

Chase, Nancy, 328

Cheifetz, Walter, 286–287

Cheney, Marjory, 23, 28

Chicago Herald American, 148

Chicago Tribune, 303

Chicago Women’s Liberation Union, 486–487

Child Custody Protection Act, 973n73

Choper, Jesse, 371

Christ, Ernest W., 22

Christian Century, The, 281, 312

Christian Coalition, 732

Christianity Today, 606, 609

Cisler, Lucinda “Cindy,” 374, 408, 420, 863n20

Citizens’ Abortion Discussion Group, 358, 371

Citizens’ Committee for Humane Abortion Laws, 284, 290. See also Society for Humane Abortion (SHA)

Citizens for Abortion Law Repeal, 367

Citizens for the Extension of Birth Control Services, 309, 810–811n24

City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 640–643, 657, 661, 679, 690, 691, 696

Clapp, James, 374, 408, 420

Clarie, T. Emmet, 496, 544, 566

Clark, Beatrice V., 45

Clark, James H., Jr., 359, 369, 438

Clark, Joseph B., 210, 215, 222–223, 224; and Griswold, 228, 229, 232, 234, 236, 239–240, 244

Clark, Ramsey, 372

Clark, Tom C., 149, 473; and Poe v. Ullman, 168, 169, 183, 185, 186, 191; and Griswold, 241–242, 244, 248, 249; influential abortion essay by, 372, 416, 441, 453, 468, 471, 478, 481, 500, 501, 502, 536, 541, 550, 564, 596, 909n129

Clemow, Bice, 92, 94, 97, 98, 109

Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion (CCS), 333–334, 347, 349, 350, 362, 364, 376–377, 386, 392, 409, 438, 486, 495, 539

Clinton, Bill, 702, 707, 722, 726, 727, 731, 732, 733

Closed: 99 Ways to Stop Abortion (Scheidler), 651

Coats, Sam, 491

Coccomo, Thomas, 188

Coffee, Linda N., first approached by Weddington, 396, 398–400; seeks plaintiffs for case, 400–401, 403–405; files Roe v. Wade, 406–407, 433–434, 436, 437–439; and three-judge hearing of Roe, 440–444, 447; and three-judge decision, 453, 454; and Supreme Court appeal of Roe, 460–461, 492, 497, 501, 563, 877–878n84; and first oral argument of Roe, 516–517, 523; and Roe reargument, 557, 568, 572, 599; and Roe aftermath, 600–601, 602; treatment of Norma McCorvey, 720

Colautti v. Franklin, 631–632

Coleman v. Miller, 661

Colgate, Gilbert, 81

Colorado, passes 1967 reform bill, 323–325, 327, 329, 332; limited impact of 1967 law, 341–342, 351, 360, 375; 1971 legislature, 483

Colson, Charles, 665–666

Columbia Law Review, 42

Columbia Spectator, 291

Comfort, Charles W., 32, 36

Comley, John M., 224

Committee for the Cook-Leichter Bill, 408

Common Ground Network for Life and Choice, 721

Commonweal, 155, 222, 257, 312, 313

Commonwealth v. Bonadio, 645

Commonwealth v. Corbett, 90, 99, 100, 128

Commonwealth v. Gardner, 56, 58–60, 80, 88, 322; and State v. Nelson, 64, 69–71, 75, 77, 90; and Tileston, 99, 100, 102, 124; and Poe v. Ullman, 161; and Griswold, 228, 239, 240

Complete Book of Birth Control, The (Guttmacher), 200

Comstock, Anthony, 10, 15, 42, 285, 472, 754n25

Cone, James H., 630

Connecticut Birth Control League (CBCL), and initial public clinics, 1–3, 7, 37–41, 44, 48–54, 56–58, 60–61; early legislative efforts of, 16–37 passim; and Waterbury arrests, 61–77; and Nelson aftermath, 78–81, 83–90, 91–94; and Tileston, 94–100; becomes PPLC, 100. See also Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut (PPLC).

Connecticut Civil Liberties Union (CCLU), 166, 170, 171, 173, 189, 370

Connecticut Council of Catholic Women, 19, 32

Connecticut Council of Churches, 159

Connecticut General Assembly, 1917 session, 10; 1923 session, 15–17; 1925 session, 18–19; 1927 session, 19–20; 1929 session, 20–23; 1931 session, 25, 27–28; 1933 session, 31–34; 1935 session, 35–37; 1937 session, 44; 1941 session, 86–90, 91–94, 95–97; 1943 session, 102, 106–107; 1945 session, 109–111; 1947 session, 113–116; 1949 session, 118–119; 1951 session, 120–123; 1953 session, 125–128; 1955 session, 137–138; 1957 session, 141–142; 1959 session, 159–160; 1961 session, 173, 189; 1963 session, 217, 221; 1965 session, 235, 251; 1967 session, 316; 1969 session, 348, 370; 1972 special session, 544–545; codifies Roe v. Wade in 1990, 682

Connecticut League for Abortion Law Reform, 340, 370; becomes Connecticut League for Abortion Law Repeal, 433

Connecticut League of Women Voters, 8, 10, 15, 34

Connecticut Social Hygiene Association, 9, 10, 29

Connecticut State Medical Society, 28, 32, 36, 67, 87; endorses birth control, 29, 31, 43, 115, 119; and abortion, 487

Connecticut Women’s Suffrage Association, 9

Connolly, Thomas A., 466

Converse, Frank C., 35, 36

Conway, Alvin, 319

Cook, Constance E., 356, 359, 367, 368, 385, 408, 418–420

Cooke, Lawrence, 645

Cooke, Terence, 546, 605, 619, 620

Cookston, Pat, 400, 405

Cooley, Thomas M., 168, 172, 260

Cooney, Joseph P., as state senator, 34, 97; as diocesan lobbyist, 114, 119, 121–122, 126–127, 137, 141–142, 160, 189, 217, 235; and abortion, 316

Cooper, Clarence P., 417

Cooper, James F., 18

Cooper, James Wayne, 36

Cooper, Robert A., 60

Cooper, Robert O., 438

Cooper Union, 109

Cooper v. Aaron, 692

Corbett, Lewis, 90

Corkey v. Edwards, 432, 482, 498, 499, 508, 526

Cornell, John A., 72–73, 74

Cotner v. Henry, 402, 861–862n16

Countryman, Vern, 102, 128–129, 151

Cowles, John, 506

Cox, Archibald, 335, 612, 639

Craig, Glenn, 278

Craven, Braxton, 482

Creadick, A. Nowell, 29–35 passim, 87, 92, 104, 125, 200, 761–762n56; and Waterbury arrests, 63, 67, 70, 74

Creighton, Tom, 484, 485, 490

Cross, Wilbur L., 25, 32, 67, 89

Crouch, Richard E., 623

Crutcher, Mark, 715, 716–717, 730

Cryne, Eugene P., 4–5, 6, 50, 157, 599

Cullinan, E. P., 469

Cummings, Homer, 43

Cunningham, Gerald, 108

Cunningham, Mary Van Zile, 108–114 passim, 116–119, 128, 133

Curtis, Philip, 110, 111

Cusack, Ruth P., 344–345, 347, 356, 361, 367, 368

Cushing, Richard J., 117, 118, 217, 218, 228–229, 234–235, 256

Daily Worker, The, 151

Dallas Committee for the Study of Abortion (DCSA), 405, 406, 438. See also Abortion Education Committee of Dallas.

Dallas Gay Alliance, 647

Dallas Legal Services Project, 439, 485

Dallas Morning News, 406, 423, 454, 509, 601, 608

Dallas Times-Herald, 400, 405, 406–407, 454, 485

Daly, George S., Jr., 432

Daly, John, 188

Danaher, Cornelius J., 96, 106–107

Danco Laboratories, 732

Danforth. See Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth.

Danforth, Nicholas W., 498, 500, 523, 564

Daniells, Jane, 126

Darrach, Florence Borden, 31, 39; and Nelson aftermath, 78, 79, 86–90, 96, 102; and Tileston, 92, 97

Daschle, Tom, 727, 730–732

Davenport, Barbara, 112

Davids, Georgina, 23

Davis, Caroline Carter, 46, 47, 59

Davis, Clarice, 452–453

Davis, Edith, 66

Davis, Edward H., 53, 66

Davis, Ruth A., 51

Day, George H., 9

Day, Katharine Beach, 9–10, 16, 22, 25, 27, 29, 32; and American Birth Control League, 14–15, 19

Decker, Raymond G., 618

Decker, Wayne, 318, 334

DeConcini, Dennis, 669

Dees, Morris, 351, 352, 371, 372, 379, 381, 463, 504

Defense of Marriage Act, 726

Delaware, passes 1969 reform bill, 370

Delevett, Allen F., 114

Dennett, Mary Ware, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17–18, 19, 26

Dennis v. United States, 149

Dennison, Daisy M., 95

Denver Post, 324, 360

deParrie, Paul, 726

Des Moines Tribune, 79

Detroit Free Press, 412

Detroit News, 563, 576–577

Devitt, Edward J., 430

Devlin, Raymond J., 33

DeVries, Julian, 286

DeWolf, L. Harold, 630

Diamond v. Charles, 657, 661

Dickinson, Robert L., 43

Dixon, Robert G., 263

Dodd, Thomas J., 111, 114, 785n47

Dodge, Robert G., 45, 54–56, 58–59

Doe v. Bolton, ix; filing of, 423–428, 431, 444–446; three-judge hearing of, 447–450, 451; three-judge decision in, 457–459, 481, 482, 518, 541, 561; three-judge decision appealed to Supreme Court, 459, 460, 462–463, 464–465, 468, 471, 480; initial Supreme Court consideration of, 491–492, 493, 494, 497–510 passim, 513, 514–515, 517, 520–522; first oral argument of, 523, 526–528, 541; first Supreme Court conference on, 528, 530–534; initial opinion drafting in, 534–538; and Eisenstadt, 542–544; first Blackmun draft opinion in, 547–552; tussle over rearguing of, 552–560; second oral argument of, 563, 565, 567–568, 571–573; second conference on, 573–576; final opinion drafting in, 580–587; Supreme Court decision formally announced, 588, 594–597, 598; immediate aftermath of, 600, 602–609, 618, 620, 621, 633; academic criticisms of, 609–616, 618; and Danforth, 626; and Maher, 628, 629, 630; and Colautti, 631; and H. L., 637; and Akron, 641; anniversary of, 702, 739; postviability protection of women’s health in, 722, 731; Lucas’s retrospective on, 955n1

Doe v. Commonwealth’s Attorney, 621–622, 623, 624, 646–650 passim, 655, 656

Doe v. Randall, 428–430

Doe v. Scott, 480–481, 513

Doe v. Ullman, 154, 156, 157, 164, 166, 193. See also Poe v. Ullman

Doe v. Wade, 406, 407, 415, 433, 436, 437. See also Roe v. Wade

Dombrowski v. Pfister, 235

Dominick, D. Clinton, 419

Dooling, John F., Jr., 627, 629, 631, 633, 634, 635

Dorsen, Norman, 336, 371, 379; and Vuitch, 470, 474, 477–478, 479, 490; and Roe v. Wade, 492–493, 494, 501

Dorsey, Joseph L., 228–229

Douglas, Cathy, 557–558, 560

Douglas, William O., 357, 474; and Tileston, 102, 103, 105; and Poe v. Ullman, 168, 169, 182, 183, 186, 191–194 passim, 221, 225; and Griswold, 235, 240, 241–254, 372; Griswold opinion assessed, 256, 258, 262–267, 566, 590, 649, 650, 654; and Baird, 410; and Hodgson cases, 467; and Vuitch, 479–480, 488–489, 509; and Babbitz, 487; and Roe v. Wade, 491, 512, 521, 528; and Eisenstadt, 519–520, 536, 541, 542; and Doe v. Bolton, 527; and first Roe/Doe conference, 529–534; and initial opinion drafting, 534–538; and first Blackmun draft opinions, 548–551; opposes reargument of Roe and Doe, 553–560, 561; and second Roe/Doe conference, 573, 574, 576; and final drafting of Roe/Doe opinions, 581, 583, 586; final Roe/Doe concurrence by, 595–597; retires from Court, 622

Downs, James T., III, 326

Doyle, James E., 488

Draper, William, 517

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 699

Drinan, Robert F., 228, 299, 301, 313, 341, 342–343, 412, 413, 421; and Roe, 606

Dronenburg, James L., 649–650

Dronenburg v. Zech, 649–650, 656, 662, 666

Duffee, Charles, 45

Dukakis, Michael S., 234–235, 673

Duke, Steven, 168

Dunn, Earl, 623–624

Durning, Jean Cressy, 146–147, 153, 156, 159, 161, 205, 266, 267, 741

Durning, Marvin, 146–147, 152, 153, 156, 159, 160, 161, 205, 266, 267, 741

Duryea, Perry B., Jr., 344–345, 356, 368, 419, 420

Dusenbury, Fred, 297

Dworkin, Ronald, 701

East, John P., 639

Edelin, Kenneth C., 617–618

Egeberg, Roger O., 306, 365

Ehrenreich, Barbara, 616

Ehrlichman, John D., 546

Eisenhower, Arthur, 185

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 140–141, 164

Eisenstadt, Thomas, 410

Eisenstadt v. Baird, 457, 517–520, 536, 541–544, 545, 625; subsequent influence of, 544, 561, 566, 611, 620–624 passim, 627, 644, 647, 649; and Doe, 550, 565; and Roe, 564, 571, 591, 592, 596, 597, 599; and Bowers, 655, 658, 663, 664–665, 687; and Casey, 694, 698. See also Baird v. Massachusetts

Ells, Arthur F., 85, 88, 100, 106

Elton, Deborah, 66

Ely, John Hart, 229, 236–237, 240, 241, 248–252 passim, 255; and Roe v. Wade, 609–611, 612, 615

Ely, Mildred Chase, 49, 50, 51

Emerson, Ruth Calvin, 170, 171–172, 231, 237

Emerson, Thomas I., 153, 170, 370; and Fowler Harper, 147–151 passim, 198; inherits Griswold appeal, 231–234, 236–237; argues Griswold, 237–238, 240–241, 244, 250; and Griswold decision, 255, 258–260, 264, 310, 337, 446; and Roy Lucas, 371

Enersen, Burnham, 355, 365–366

Ernst, Morris L., 24, 26, 73, 785n45; and One Package decision, 42, 43–44; and Gardner, 47–48, 55–56, 59; and Nelson, 79, 81, 84–85, 86, 92; and Tileston, 101, 102–106; and post-Tileston strategizing, 107–113 passim, 124; and Poe cases, 153, 155–159 passim, 162, 171, 197; and Griswold, 225, 234; and abortion, 274, 280, 284–285, 288–296 passim, 386

Escobedo v. Illinois, 244

Estes, Joe, 397

Estes v. Texas, 235

Evans, J. Claude, 438, 462, 485, 486, 601

Evans, Orinda, 425

Evarts, Josephine, 108–112 passim, 119, 129, 135

Evarts, Katherine, 173, 235

Expressen, 287, 288

Eyman, Andrew J., 354

Family Limitation (Sanger), 11–12

Fargo (North Dakota) Women’s Health Organization, 715

Farr, Louise Evans, 160

Fein, Bruce, 666

Feinstein, Diane, 731

Ferguson, Frances Hand, 163

Ferraro, Geraldine, 651

Ferris, Pamelia, 47

Fielding, Virginia, 405

Finkbine, Robert, 286–289

Finkbine, Sherri Chessen, 285–289, 291, 293, 300, 302, 360

First Unitarian Church of Dallas, 289, 400, 405, 438

Fisher, Evelyn, 173

Fisher, Louise H., 19, 22, 32–33, 36, 106, 111, 114, 119, 122

Fisher, Robert L., 128, 129, 141, 142

Fitzgerald, Anthony, 83

Fitzgerald, John G., 44

Fitzgerald, William B., 5–7, 157; and Waterbury arrests, 7–8, 61–71, 72–73, 599; and Nelson case, 74–78, 79, 81–83, 85, 186–188, 194

Fitzpatrick, James W., 36

Fitzsimmons, Ron, 729–730

Flanagan, John P., 54

Flast v. Cohen, 512

Fleming, Robert B., 225, 232, 234

Fletcher, Henry F., 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21

Fletcher, Joseph F., 199, 298, 346

Flood, Thomas W., 200

Florida, 1967 legislature, 332; 1968 legislature, 348; passes 1972 reform statute, 538; 1997 legislation, 967n35

Florio, Jim, 681

Flowers, Robert C., 437, 569–570, 592

Floyd, Jay, 437, 438, 439, 441–443; and Roe appeal to Supreme Court, 462, 509–512, 513–514, 521, 608, 636; and first Roe oral argument, 523, 525–526, 527; and second Roe argument, 557, 565, 569, 599; and Roe aftermath, 602

Foe, Victoria, 389–392, 484, 492

Ford, Gerald, 622

Forman, Philip, 540

Forrester, Owen, 446

Forsberg, Joan Bates, 204–205, 206, 208, 209, 212

Forsythe, Clarke D., 955n1

Fortas, Abe, 473

Fortune, 42

Foster, Carl, 82

Foster, John G., 58, 65

Fowler, Henry, 237

Fox, David A., 28

Frampton, George, 548, 551, 559, 956n1

Francis, Albert S., 8, 65

Frankfurter, Felix, 55–56, 264; and Poe v. Ullman, 169, 170, 172, 176–194 passim, 224, 242, 243, 266, 802n64

Franklin, Paul, 87–90, 92

Frazel, Jerome A., Jr., 510–511

Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act, x, 705, 706–710, 712, 718, 726, 729, 735, 736, 739

Freeman, Brian M., 728

Freeman, Jo, 367

French, John D., 186

Freund, Paul, 175, 182, 186

Fried, Charles, 174–175, 190–191, 611, 615, 666, 783–784n41; and Webster, 673, 674–675

Friedan, Betty, 343, 356, 361, 561

Friedman, Irwin E., 112

Friendly, Henry J., 381, 612, 867n37

Frothingham, Channing, 54

Fuller, Jack, 558

Fuller, Lon L., 155–156

Fuller, William R., 434–435

Furman v. Georgia, 509

Gabrielli, Domenick, 645

Galleani, Ilia, 46–47

Gamble, Clarence J., 49, 85

Gampell, Ralph J., 278–281 passim, 283, 290

Gardner. See Commonwealth v. Gardner

Gardner, Carolyn T., 45, 47

Garrity, B. L., 21

Garth, Leonard, 540

Garth, Thomas H., 19

Gaylor, Anne, 739

Geddes, Minna, 117–118

Gedeon Richter, 732

George, B. James, Jr., 358

Georgetown Law Journal, 281

Georgia, 1967 legislature, 316–317, 319, 332; passes 1968 reform bill, 347–348; limited impact of 1968 law, 360, 375; 1970 legislature, 422–423; 1971 legislature, 483, 484; 1972 legislature, 538

Georgia Citizens for Hospital Abortions, 340, 360, 422–428 passim, 445

Gesell, Gerhard A., 646–647; rules for Vuitch, 382, 383, 386, 407, 409, 415, 424, 441, 599; Supreme Court reviews ruling by, 417, 468, 471, 475, 477, 479–480, 488–490, 599

Gewirtz, Paul, 665

Gidding, Lee, 361, 387–388, 483, 484, 506–508, 539, 561, 567, 588; and Roe aftermath, 603

Giles, Dorothy, 226, 227

Gilhuly, Mae, 206

Gillett, Frederick H., 26

Gilman, Lawrence M., 119

Gilmore, James S., III, 738

Ginsberg, Martin, 369, 408

Ginsburg, Douglas, 672

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 613, 614, 616, 707, 729

Gitenstein, Mark, 671

Glendon, Mary Ann, 616

Glenn, George A., 274

Godkin, E. L., 260, 261

Goldberg, Arthur J., 224, 236, 473; and Griswold, 238, 239, 242–243, 249–255, 264, 453, 566, 590, 707

Goldberg, Irving L., 397–398, 621, 656; and Buchanan, 398, 401–402, 485; and Roe v. Wade, 436, 440–444, 447, 451–454, 599

Goldberg, Samuel J., 98

Goldenberg, Samuel, 371, 384

Goldman, Emma, 10

Goldmark, Carl, Jr., 298, 302, 409

Goldstein, Jonah J., 12–13

Goldstein, Stephen, 250

Gonzales, Connie, 600, 720

Goodrich, Elizabeth D., 83

Goodrich, William A., and opening of Waterbury clinic, 4, 7, 57–58, 61, 65; and Waterbury arrests, 66–68, 70, 72–73, 81–83

Gordon, Felix, 287

Gordon, James H., Jr., 667

Gordon, Marion O., 446

Gordon, Myron L., 414, 465

Gorman, Arthur T., 201, 214

Goss, Virginia J., 8, 57, 61–62, 63, 65, 66

Graham, Callan, 461

Graham, Fred, 382, 425, 520, 602

Grant, Benton H., 127, 129

Grant, Marion Hepburn, 10

Grassley, Charles, 669

Gray, Wilford D., 47

Green, Ben C., 471

Greenhouse, Linda, 408, 493

Greenwich Maternal Health Center, 1, 31, 34, 37, 39–40

Greitzer, Carol, 567

Gressman, Eugene, 166, 170, 198

Grey, Thomas C., 647, 724

Griffin, Michael F., 702, 703, 705, 706, 710, 711, 712, 714

Griggs, Harriet, 57, 65

Griswold, Erwin, 417, 418

Griswold, Estelle Trebert, 739; joins PPLC, 130–135; as PPLC executive director in 1950s, 135–142, 159; and Poe v. Ullman, 143, 152–155, 161–163, 165, 172–173, 176–177; opens clinic in 1961, 189, 195–210 passim; trial and conviction of, 212–217, 221, 223, 224; and internal PPLC tensions, 218–220; and Supreme Court appeal, 225–233, 237, 239, 244, 251; and aftermath of Griswold, 252, 255–259, 267–269, 315, 334, 599, 741; and abortion, 269, 340, 370

Griswold, Frank, 131

Griswold, Richard W., 131, 132–133, 218, 223–224

Griswold v. Connecticut, ix; initial Supreme Court appeal of, 225–226, 228–237, 297; oral argument of, 237–240; justices’ deliberations over, 240–244; drafting of opinions in, 245–252, 609; final opinions announced, 252–255; initial reactions to, 255–260, 320; scholarly criticisms of, 263–268, 385; legacy of, 269, 372; influences abortion activists, 302, 304, 306, 307, 309–310, 312, 334, 358, 384; influences Roy Lucas, 337, 338–339, 353, 356, 371, 408, 416; and Belous, 355, 365, 366, 377, 378, 379; and Eisenstadt v. Baird, 373, 374, 518–519, 541–543; and Vuitch, 382, 468, 473, 474, 478, 489, 490; and Buchanan, 398, 401–402; and Roe v. Wade, 405, 453, 461–462, 493, 501, 502, 507, 512; and Babbitz, 415–416; and Doe v. Bolton, 428, 446, 448, 449, 450; and Pennsylvania case, 457; and Louisiana case, 460; and Hodgson cases, 467; and Ohio case, 471; and Illinois case, 481; and Wyman case, 495; and Roe and Doe in Supreme Court, 524, 527, 532, 534, 536, 550, 568, 569, 571, 574, 576, 588, 590, 592, 596, 597, 599; and New Jersey case, 540; and Kansas case, 541; and Connecticut cases, 544, 566; and Maryland case, 561; post-Roe commentary on, 611, 613, 614, 615, 620, 621, 622; post-Roe judicial citations of, 623, 624, 635, 645, 647–650 passim, 688; and Carey, 627; and Bowers, 654, 655, 658, 659, 663–667 passim, 687; and Bork nomination, 668–671; and Kennedy nomination, 672; and Webster, 675, 678; and Souter nomination, 684; and Casey, 690, 694–695, 698, 699, 701, 741

Gruening, Ernest, 517

Grunsky, Donald, 330

Gunn, David, 702–703, 705, 706, 710, 711, 712

Gunther, Gerald, 612

Gurner, Rowena, 301

Gustafson, Carl H., 323–324

Guttmacher, Alan F., 197, 200, 227, 228, 358, 364, 739; and early abortion reform, 270–272, 275–285 passim, 288–299 passim, 305, 309, 362; and Rockefeller commission, 317, 346, 347; and Roy Lucas, 336; moves toward endorsing repeal, 359, 361, 368, 384, 484; as Hall case plaintiff, 379, 385; and initial clinic idea, 386, 407, 409; and New York repeal law, 421, 456, 578; and Roe v. Wade, 501, 599, 605

Guttmacher, Manfred, 270, 277

Gwynne, John Shriver, 411, 433

H. L. v. Matheson, 637–638, 640

Hachey, Ronald E., 430

Hadley, Morris, 108

Hague, Frank, 55

Hall, Angela, 716

Hall, Robert E., 291, 294–295, 318, 363, 371, 411; and creation of AHA/ASA, 296, 297–298, 305; advocates reform, 308, 313, 317; backs amicus briefs, 309, 364; and initial test case idea, 339, 352, 353, 356, 359; eventually endorses repeal, 346, 349, 376, 384; and ARA, 360, 370; and Hall v. Lefkowitz, 379–380; and initial clinic idea, 386, 409; and 1970 New York implementation, 456–457, 483; and Roe v. Wade, 501, 523, 599, 607; and 1972 events, 539

Hall, Robert H., 654–655

Hall v. Lejkowitz, 379–381, 382, 385, 386, 387, 408–409, 410, 416, 418, 420, 439; mooted by New York repeal statute, 421, 612

Hallford, James Hubert, 388, 392; joins in Roe v. Wade, 433–436, 438, 441, 453, 454; and Roe appeal to Supreme Court, 461, 462, 492, 500, 523, 528, 529, 581, 589; and Roe aftermath, 601–602

Hames, Margie Pitts, files Doe v. Bolton, 424–428, 444–446; and three-judge hearing of Doe, 447–450; and three-judge decision, 459; and Doe appeal to Supreme Court, 462–463, 464–465; and initial Supreme Court consideration of Doe, 492–497 passim, 499–501, 503, 504–506, 509, 515, 516, 520–521; and first oral argument of Doe, 523, 525–528 passim; and Eisenstadt, 543; and second Doe argument, 557, 561, 565, 567–568, 571–572, 573, 599; and Roe aftermath, 602–603, 604–605; death of, 958–959n7

Hames, William, 425

Hamilton, David F., 723

Hamilton, Grace Towns, 422

Hamilton, James, 321

Hammond, Larry, 575

Hamptlon, Sharon, 964n23

Hancock, Frank, 30

Hand, Augustus N., 261

Hand, Learned, 163, 264, 277

Hanes, Myles, 327

Hanna, William, 92

Hanna v. Plumer, 236

Hanrahan, Edward V., 481

Hardin, Garrett, 293–298 passim, 301, 308, 340, 344, 349, 360, 368; helps create NARAL, 350

Hardwick, Michael, 653–655, 658–660, 663–667, 687

Hardwick v. Bowers. See Bowers v. Hardwick

Hare, Robert W., 377, 539

Harlan, John Marshall, 124, 357, 611; and Poe v. Ullman, 169, 174, 178, 180, 182–186 passim, 190–195 passim, 197; Poe dissent utilized in Griswold, 210, 215, 216, 221, 225, 237, 267; and Griswold, 229, 235, 238, 240, 242, 243, 249, 252, 254, 255, 263, 372, 566, 574, 623, 684; and Vuitch, 417–418, 479–480, 488–490; and Kennan, 488; and Roe v. Wade, 491; retirement of, 507, 509, 511, 512; post-1965 influence of Poe dissent, 518–519, 597, 599, 615, 642, 649, 658, 675, 693, 701

Harmer, John L., 330

Harper, Fowler V., 135, 137, 139, 183, 264, 275, 276, 371; and filing of Poe v. Ullman, 145, 147–164; appeals Poe to U.S. Supreme Court, 165–181, 186–189, 195–200, 237; and 1961 clinic opening, 201, 205–208, 210, 214, 215; and early stages of Griswold, 216–217, 220, 221; appeals Griswold to Supreme Court, 224–226, 228, 230–232, 250, 297; legacy of, 258–260, 269, 599, 741

Harper, Grace G., 147

Harper, Miriam Cohen, 130, 135, 139, 149, 151, 152, 170, 176, 226, 230–231, 237, 258

Harper v. Jere Adametz, 151

Harris v. McRae, 634–636, 638, 677, 685

Harrison, Beverly W., 630

Harrison, Irwin P., 232, 239

Hart, Anne Chase, 49, 51

Hartford Courant, 2, 16, 17, 23, 28, 33–34, 39, 40, 41, 93–94, 106, 114, 115, 116, 142

Hartford Maternal Health Center, 1, 7, 37–41, 48, 52–53, 57; 1940 closing of, 83

Hartford Times, 18, 39, 116, 122

Hartigan, Neil, 681

Harvard Law Review, 260

Haskell, Martin, 719

Hastie, William H., 232

Hatch, Orrin, 639–640, 643, 669

Hatcher, Robert A., 348, 425, 428, 459

Hatfield, Henry D., 30

Hawaii, 1967 legislature, 319; 1968 legislature, 348; 1969 legislature, 371; passes 1970 repeal bill, 412–414, 421, 431, 457; same-sex marriages in, 725–726

Hawaii Medical Association, 412

Hawkridge, Linda M., 46, 47, 48, 54–56, 58–59

Hayes, Joan Eames, 412, 414

Hayes, John J., 121–122, 127

Hayes, Patrick, 14

Hayes, T. Frank, 3, 6, 62, 71

Haynsworth, Clement F., Jr., 473, 624

Healey, Frank T., 157, 158, 159

Heck, Constance, 20

Heflin, Howell, 669

Hefner, Hugh, 352, 360

Heidepriem, Nikki, 669

Heiser, Jennie, 130, 135, 136

Hellman, Louis M., 298, 379, 409

Helms, Jesse, 620, 639, 640

Henderson, Albert J., Jr., 444, 447, 458

Henderson, Keith, 200

Henrie, William Jennings Bryan, 284

Hepburn, Katharine, 9

Hepburn, Katharine Houghton, 98, 122, 134, 257, 269, 472, 599, 739, 741; early birth control work of, 1–2, 16–22 passim, 25–30 passim, 32, 34–42 passim, 758n42, 762n58; early Connecticut activism of, 9–10, 753n22; and Massachusetts raids, 48, 55, 59; and Waterbury arrests, 62, 64, 66–67, 71; and Nelson aftermath, 80–81, 83–87, 109; 1941 Wesleyan speech by, 93–94, 113

Hepburn, Robert H., 122

Hepburn, Thomas N., 9, 132

Heppel, Jeannie, 3, 4, 8, 25, 63, 66

Hern, Warren, 715, 716, 719

Herndon, J. Emmett, 422, 425, 426, 428, 459, 486

Hessel, Beatrice, 140, 152, 153, 220; as PPLC president, 162, 163, 176, 177, 180, 189

Hetzel, Joseph L., 49, 114, 116

Hewitt, Norman, 160

Heymann, Philip B., 190, 611–612

Hickey, William E., 189

Hicks v. Miranda, 647

Higgins, George G., 636–637

Higgins, Willis E., 487

Hight, Tony, 446, 449

Hill, Anita F., 689

Hill, John, 602

Hill, Paul J., 704, 710–713, 714, 718, 726, 736

Hill, Susan, 718

Himes, Norman, 26

Hincks, Carroll, 92

Hines, Barbara, 389–390, 395, 500

Hinman, George E., 76, 77–78, 85, 88

Hinman, John J., 111

Hirsh, Michael R., 712

Hoar, Samuel, 59, 60

Hobbs, Michael, 659

Hodgson, Jane E., 1970 prosecution of, 428–430, 466–468, 471, 474, 476, 479; appeals conviction, 480, 484, 491, 498, 506, 522, 580; and Roe v. Wade, 501, 515, 523, 608; and 1990 case, 681; portrayal in Doctors of Conscience, 955n1 Hodgson v. Minnesota (1973), 469, 499, 580

Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990), 681–682, 683–684

Hoe v. Ullman, 154, 164. See also Poe v. Ullman

Hoffman, Richard, 956n1

Hogan, Frank, 409

Hogan, Lawrence J., 609

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 264, 537, 977n1

Holohan, William, 202

Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 413

Hood, David, 384

Hooper, William T., 34, 36

Horan, Dennis J., 510–511, 521, 524, 608, 636, 657, 661

Horne, David, 733

Horton, Jack, 730

House, Charles S., 115, 126

Houston Chronicle, 296, 606

Howard, T. R. M., 361

Howson, Julie, 112, 117, 120, 124, 219

Huber, Sallie Craig, 426

Hughes, Charles Evans, 191

Hughes, George, 397

Hughes, Richard J., 320

Hughes, Sarah T., 387, 388, 396–398, 399, 484; and Buchanan, 398, 401–402, 485; and Roe v. Wade, 436–444 passim, 447, 451–54, 599

Humphrey, Hubert H., 357

Hunter, Nan, 665

Huntington, Samuel, 475–476, 478

Hurlbut, Biddy, 507

Hurley, Robert A., 91

Hyde, Henry J., 626, 639

Hyde Amendment, 626–627, 629–630, 631, 632–633, 634–635, 707