The Game is the result of hundreds of hours of interviews with more than 150 people conducted during a five-year span. The sources come from a wide spectrum of organizations, including Major League Baseball, the Major League Baseball Players Association, the New York Yankees, the Milwaukee Brewers, and several government, law enforcement, and business agencies. Many sources agreed to multiple interviews, some numbering well more than a dozen sessions, as well as lengthy email communications. Below is a list of some of the sources.
The book is written as a narrative, relying on events and anecdotes to tell the story of the last 20 years of baseball. To re-create these scenes, I drew on interviews with those involved or with direct knowledge of these events and reconstructed dialogue based on the recollection of my sources. I also relied on notes taken in meetings, congressional transcripts, court documents, videos, and work by other reporters, as cited in these notes.
Jean Afterman, Dom Amore, Michael Attanasio, Sal Bando, Don Baylor, Jeff Bradley, Steve Buckley, Gerry Cardinale, Brian Cashman, Rick Cerrone, Ray Chambers, Tony Clark, Roger Clemens, Len Coleman, David Cone, Victor Conte, Bob DuPuy, Doug Glanville, Tom Glavine, Paul Haagen, Rusty Hardin, Tom Haudricourt, Rick Helling, Orel Hershiser, Jeff Idelson, Marty Kaiser, Lori Keck, Randy Levine, Rob Manfred, Don Mattingly, Doug Melvin, Gene Michael, Marvin Miller, George Mitchell, Dave Montgomery, Bruce Murphy, Tom Murphy, Bob Nightengale, John Norquist, Gene Orza, Steve Phillips, Laurel Prieb, Willie Randolph, Dick Ravitch, Tom Reich, Jerry Reinsdorf, Lauren Rich, Mariano Rivera, Rick Schlesinger, Bud Selig, Wendy Selig-Prieb, Buck Showalter, Dan Silverman, Claire Smith, Jeff Smulyan, Martha Stansell-Gamm, David Sussman, Steve Swindal, Lonn Trost, Bobby Valentine, Fay Vincent, Don Walker, Bob Watson, Michael Weiner, Finn Wentworth, Kenny Williams, Dave Winfield
Assael, Shaun. Steroid Nation: Juiced Home Run Totals, Anti-aging Miracles, and a Hercules in Every High School: The Secret History of America’s True Drug Addiction. New York: ESPN, 2007.
Boies, David. Courting Justice: From NY Yankees v. Major League Baseball to Bush v. Gore, 1997–2000. New York: Hyperion, 2004.
Bryant, Howard. Juicing the Game: Drugs, Power, and the Fight for the Soul of Major League Baseball. New York: Viking, 2005.
Canseco, Jose. Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant ’Roids, Smash Hits, and How Baseball Got Big. New York: Regan, 2005.
______. Vindicated: Big Names, Big Liars, and the Battle to Save Baseball. New York: Simon Spotlight Entertainment, 2008.
Elfrink, Tim, and Gus Garcia-Roberts. Blood Sport: Alex Rodriguez, Biogenesis, and the Quest to End Baseball’s Steroid Era. New York: Dutton Adult, 2014.
Fainaru-Wada, Mark, and Lance Williams. Game of Shadows: Barry Bonds, BALCO, and the Steroids Scandal That Rocked Professional Sports. New York: Gotham, 2006.
Felix, Antonia. Sonia Sotomayor: The True American Dream. New York: Berkley, 2010.
Glanville, Doug. The Game from Where I Stand: A Ballplayer’s Inside View. New York: Times, 2010.
Golenbock, Peter. George: The Poor Little Rich Boy Who Built the Yankee Empire. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.
Gould, William B. Labored Relations: Law, Politics, and the NLRB—A Memoir. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2000.
Helyar, John. Lords of the Realm: The Real History of Baseball. New York: Villard, 1994.
Jennings, Kenneth M. Swings and Misses: Moribund Labor Relations in Professional Baseball. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997.
Lewis, Michael. Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.
Madden, Bill. Steinbrenner: The Last Lion of Baseball. New York: Harper, 2010.
Miller, Marvin. A Whole Different Ball Game: The Inside Story of the Baseball Revolution. Chicago: I. R. Dee, 2004.
Minutaglio, Bill. First Son: George W. Bush and the Bush Family Dynasty. New York: Times, 1999.
Mnookin, Seth. Feeding the Monster: How Money, Smarts, and Nerve Took a Team to the Top. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
Pearlman, Jeff. Love Me, Hate Me: Barry Bonds and the Making of an Antihero. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.
______. The Rocket That Fell to Earth: Roger Clemens and the Rage for Baseball Immortality. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.
Radomski, Kirk. Bases Loaded: The Inside Story of the Steroid Era in Baseball by the Central Figure in the Mitchell Report. New York: Hudson Street, 2009.
Simon, Ron. The Game behind the Game: Negotiating in the Big Leagues. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur, 1993.
Thompson, Teri, Nathaniel Vinton, Michael O’Keefe, and Christian Red. American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America’s Pastime. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009.
Torre, Joe, and Tom Verducci. Chasing the Dream: My Lifelong Journey to the World Series: An Autobiography. New York: Bantam, 1997.
______. The Yankee Years. New York: Doubleday, 2009.
Vincent, Fay. The Last Commissioner: A Baseball Valentine. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
White, Bill, and Gordon Dillow. Uppity: My Untold Story about the Games People Play. New York: Grand Central, 2011.
Zimbalist, Andrew S. Baseball and Billions: A Probing Look inside the Big Business of Our National Pastime. New York: Basic, 1992.
______. In the Best Interests of Baseball? The Revolutionary Reign of Bud Selig. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006.
Damiani, Bettina, and Dan Steinberg. “Loot, Loot, Loot for the Home Team: How the Proposal to Subsidize a New Yankee Stadium Would Leave Residents and Taxpayers Behind.” Good Jobs New York, February 2006.
Fallone, Edward A. “Reflections on the Accident at Miller Park and the Prosecution of Work-Related Fatalities in Wisconsin.” Marquette Sports Law Review 12, no. 1 (2001): 105.
Green, Andrew L. T. “Spreading the Blame: Examining the Relationship between DSHEA and the Baseball Steroid Scandal.” Boston University Law Review 90, no. 1 (2010): 399.
Kucheryavaya, Maria. “New York City Strikes Out: The Financing of Yankee Stadium.” Columbia Economics Review, spring 2011.
Leder, Benjamin Z., Christopher Longcope, Don H. Catlin, Brian Ahrens, David A. Schoenfeld, and Joel S. Finkelstein. “Oral Androstenedione Administration and Serum Testosterone Concentrations in Young Men.” JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 283, no. 6 (2000): 779.
Martens, Kevin E. “Fair or Foul? The Survival of Small-Market Teams in Major League Baseball.” Marquette Sports Law Review 4, no. 2 (1996): 323.
McCann, Michael. “Dietary Supplement Labeling: Cognitive Biases, Market Manipulation and Consumer Choice.” American Journal of Law and Medicine 31 (2005): 215.
Staudohar, Paul D. “The Baseball Strike of 1994–95.” Monthly Labor Review, March 1997, 21.
Achievement.org. “George Mitchell Interview.” June 7, 2002.
Amore, Dom. “At Last, Giambi Putting It Together.” Hartford Courant, July 7, 2005.
Anderson, Dave. “Jeter Made Difference for Yankees.” New York Times, September 26, 1996.
______. “Look Who’s on Yanks’ Payroll.” New York Times, March 2, 1994.
______. “Will Reggie Join Yogi’s Boycott?” New York Times, October 8, 1996.
______. “A Yankee Celebration of Fine 1996 Vintage.” New York Times, October 19, 1996.
Antonen, Mel. “Baseball Players Want Drug Testing.” USA Today, July 7, 2007.
Araton, Harvey. “Being Boss Has Its Emotional Moments.” New York Times, February 21, 1999.
______. “Team of the Moment, Team of the Century; Clemens Leads the Yankees to Their Third Title in Four Seasons.” New York Times, October 28, 1999.
Armas, Genaro C. “Umpires Decide to Strike Back.” Associated Press, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 15, 1999.
Assael, Shaun, and Peter Keating. “Who Knew?” ESPN the Magazine, November 9, 2005.
Associated Press. “Baseball to Examine Supplements.” August 26, 1998.
______. “Bonds Hits No. 715 to Pass Babe Ruth.” ESPN.com, May 28, 2006.
______. “Bud Selig Gets a Standing Ovation for This Strike.” USA Today, October 5, 2008.
______. “Canseco: Steroid Use by Players at 85%.” Los Angeles Times, May 18, 2002.
______. “Clinton Praises Ripken as True American Hero.” Spartanburg Herald-Tribune, September 7, 1996.
______. “Committee to Look at Replay, Playoffs.” ESPN.com, January 13, 2010.
______. “Franco’s Win for New York—and New York.” ESPN.com, September 17, 2001.
______. “McGwire Ball Buyer Revealed.” Los Angeles Times, February 9, 1999.
______. “Players Visit with Workers, Family Members.” ESPN.com, September 16, 2001.
______. “Poll: Fans Doubt Baseball’s Steroid Policy, Bonds.” ESPN.com, April 25, 2006.
______. “Smaller but Angrier Crowds See Openers.” Los Angeles Times, April 27, 1995.
______. “Three-Homer Seventh Overwhelms White Sox.” ESPN.com, September 18, 2001.
______. “Vincent’s Turmoil Stalls Credit Deal.” Milwaukee Journal, August 27, 1992.
______. “Yanks, Nets, Devils Separate from Company.” ESPN.com, March 23, 2004.
Associated Press and Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. “Stunned Selig Cancels Games.” Seattle Times, September 12, 2001.
Aukofer, Frank. “Selig Testifies on Anti-trust.” Milwaukee Journal, December 10, 1992.
Austin American-Statesman. “It’s Come to This: A Replacement Trade.” March 3, 1995.
Bagli, Charles V. “Sale Might Let Steinbrenner Run 3 Teams, Officials Say.” New York Times, September 17, 1998.
______. “As Stadiums Rise, So Do Costs to Taxpayers.” New York Times, November 4, 2008.
Bauman, Michael. “Cheers and Jeers for Molitor: That’s Wisconsin.” Milwaukee Journal, June 27, 1993.
______. “Is This a Sign of Bleak Times?” Milwaukee Journal, December 8, 1992.
______. “Selig: This May Be ‘Our Greatest Season.’ ” MLB.com, July 14, 2009.
______. “Selig’s Tears Tell a Story.” Milwaukee Journal, September 10, 1992.
Begley, Ian. “He Was Friend, Mentor and… the Boss.” ESPN New York, July 17, 2010.
Berardino, Mike. “Security Striking for Presidential Pitch.” Sun Sentinel, October 31, 2001.
Berghaus, Bob. “Bad Vibes: Hamilton Admits Small Market Woes Are Concern.” Milwaukee Journal, June 4, 1993.
______. “Ball Shifts Back to Owners’ Court.” Milwaukee Journal, September 9, 1994.
______. “Baseball Enters Abyss of Uncertainty, Selig Calls Off the 1994 Season.” Milwaukee Journal, September 13, 1994.
______. “Brewers Players Believe Replacements in ’95 a Possibility.” Milwaukee Journal, September 15, 1994.
______. “Fehr Tactics.” Milwaukee Journal, March 6, 1993.
______. “Final Seconds Ticking Down on Molitor Era.” Milwaukee Journal, December 7, 1992.
______. “For the First Time since 1904, World Series Wouldn’t Be Played.” Milwaukee Journal, September 13, 1994.
______. “Goodbye Milwaukee, Hello Toronto.” Milwaukee Journal, December 8, 1992.
______. “Molitor May Be Offered Less Than He Got in ’92.” Milwaukee Journal, November 20, 1992.
______. “Molitor Ponders Pact; Brewers Look to Be Fair with ‘Creative’ Deal.” Milwaukee Journal, November 30, 1992.
______. “Molitor’s Likely to Leave; Veteran Rejects Second Offer.” Milwaukee Sentinel, December 7, 1992.
______. “Molitor Talks about Owners Summit, Strike.” Milwaukee Journal, August 8, 1993.
______. “Now Molitor, Brewers Face Season of Decisions.” Milwaukee Journal, October 4, 1992.
______. “Owners Explore Playoff Expansion.” Milwaukee Journal, March 5, 1993.
______. “Owners Make Some Progress in Negotiations for Revenue Sharing Deal.” Milwaukee Journal, January 18, 1994.
______. “Owners Sense Urgency, Optimism at Talks.” Milwaukee Journal, August 11, 1993.
______. “Revenue Plan a Victory for Selig to Savor.” Milwaukee Journal, January 19, 1994.
______. “Selig an Easy Choice, Other Owners Declare.” Milwaukee Journal, September 10, 1992.
______. “Selig Says Loan Not Out of Ordinary.” Milwaukee Journal, June 14, 1992.
______. “Selig Stands Firmly behind Owners’ Plan.” Milwaukee Journal, June 15, 1994.
______. “Selig Will Stay On as Interim Commissioner.” Milwaukee Journal, January 20, 1994.
______. “Showdown Near as Owners Make Proposal.” Milwaukee Journal, June 14, 1994.
______. “Steinbrenner Backs Selig as End Nears.” Milwaukee Journal, September 13, 1994.
______. “They’re Out; The Name of the Game Now Is Strike and Run.” Milwaukee Journal, August 12, 1994.
______. “Union Battle Is Next Round.” Milwaukee Journal, January 19, 1994.
Bergquist, Lee. “Stadium Options Discussed; Committee Talks of Public Funds.” Milwaukee Sentinel, June 30, 1992.
Berkow, Ira. “Baseball Owners as Comedians.” New York Times, December 15, 1992.
______. “Mattingly’s Elusive Dream.” New York Times, July 29, 1994.
______. “No Matter What’s Said, Reinsdorf Can Be Found in Eye of Storm.” New York Times, December 15, 1992.
Bice, Daniel. “Thompson Slams Norquist on Fuel Fee.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 21, 1993.
Binole, Gina. “Nike’s Digging the Long Ball Delivered by W&K Campaign.” Portland Business Journal, May 16, 1999.
Birger, Jon, and Tim Arango. “The Yankees Face Life after George.” Fortune, August 3, 2007.
Bloom, Barry. “Bonds Indicted on Federal Charges.” MLB.com, November 16, 2007.
______. “Mandatory Steroid Testing to Begin.” MLB.com, November 13, 2003.
Blum, Ronald. “Commissioner’s Office Likely Will Not Pursue Canseco Allegations.” Associated Press, February 11, 2005.
______. “Murphy Fired.” Associated Press, October 17, 1997.
Bodley, Hal. “ ‘Boss’ Has Firm Grip on Helm.” USA Today, March 18, 1998.
______. “Medical Examiner: Ephedra a Factor in Bechler Death.” USA Today, March 13, 2003.
______. “MLB Union Proposes 20-Game Ban for Positive Steroid Test.” USA Today, September 26, 2005.
______. “Selig to Control Baseball Internet Revenue.” USA Today, January 21, 2000.
Bondy, Filip. “Bombers’ Old Identity Now Going, Going, Gone.” New York Daily News, May 27, 2002.
Borden, Sam. “Joe Must Go… Back to Work; Boss Holds Fire, Demands Ire.” New York Daily News, October 11, 2006.
Borowski, Greg J. “Bush Lives Out Kid’s Dream.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, April 7, 2001.
Borowski, Greg J., et al. “Ballpark Disaster—Big Blue Crane Collapses—3 Killed—Strong Winds Cited as a Possible Cause.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 15, 1999.
Boswell, Thomas. “Fans Allow Yankees Leeway on Strike Zone.” Washington Post, April 27, 1995.
______. “History, Fans Embrace Ripken in 2,131st Game.” Washington Post, September 7, 1995.
Botte, Pete, et al. “Finale Has Boss ‘Very Emotional.’ ” New York Daily News, September 22, 2008.
Bowdoin Alumni Magazine. “George Mitchell: Down East Majority Leader.” Summer 2003.
Bowles, Peter. “America’s Ordeal; City Gets First $2B in U.S. Aid.” Newsday, September 22, 2001.
Bradley, Jeff. “Gen XXL.” ESPN the Magazine, April 3, 2000.
Brown, Maury. “Interview: Fay Vincent.” BusinessofBaseball.com, November 8, 2005.
Browne, Ian. “Fehr Wants Time to Review Report.” MLB.com, December 13, 2007.
Bryce, Robert. “Stealing Home.” Texas Observer, May 9, 1997.
Burke, Kerry, and Tracy Connor. “The Boss Collapses; Steinbrenner Stricken during Fla. Memorial.” New York Daily News, December 28, 2003.
Chass, Murray. “Back to Business: Baseball Votes to Drop 2 Teams.” New York Times, November 7, 2001.
______. “Baseball Adversaries Go to Bat and Strike Out.” New York Times, August 25, 1994.
______. “Baseball Is Considering a New Round of Expansion.” New York Times, December 7, 1993.
______. “Baseball Owners Implement a Cap on Players’ Pay.” New York Times, December 23, 1994.
______. “Baseball Owners Lean toward Lockout.” New York Times, September 11, 1992.
______. “Baseball Owners Quit Fight; Opening Day Is Set for April 26.” New York Times, April 3, 1995.
______. “Baseball Owners Vote to Reopen Labor Talks.” New York Times, December 8, 1992.
______. “Baseball Players and Owners Appear Close to New Deal.” New York Times, August 11, 1996.
______. “Baseball’s Labor Talks Are Going Nowhere.” New York Times, November 16, 2001.
______. “Baseball’s Owners Reject Players’ Bid to Tax Rich Clubs.” New York Times, September 10, 1994.
______. “Baseball’s Owners: Wait till Next Week.” New York Times, December 16, 1994.
______. “Baseball Squabbles, Even on President’s Driveway.” New York Times, October 15, 1994.
______. “Beam May Be the Leverage.” New York Times, April 14, 1998.
______. “Blame the Expansion for Homer Explosion.” New York Times, September 19, 1993.
______. “Bonds and the Giants Come to an Agreement.” New York Times, December 9, 1992.
______. “Bonds Charges Deepen Baseball’s Shame.” New York Times, November 16, 2007.
______. “Brushback Pitch: Owners to Kill Pension Payment.” New York Times, August 3, 1994.
______. “Call It Baseball or Call It Business, It’s Still Booming.” New York Times, August 8, 1993.
______. “Ceremony, Circus Act and Even Some Fans Greet Game’s Return.” New York Times, April 27, 1995.
______. “Choice of Commissioner Moves to Back Burner.” New York Times, March 4, 1993.
______. “Contract Omission Says It All.” New York Times, February 11, 2005.
______. “DuPuy to Replace Beeston at No. 2.” New York Times, March 6, 2002.
______. “Dykstra Is Like a Modern Miracle.” New York Times, October 1, 1993.
______. “Everybody Is Shut Out at the White House Talks.” New York Times, February 8, 1995.
______. “Grandfather Martinez Is Set to Throw Some Strikes for Atlanta.” New York Times, February 22, 1998.
______. “A ‘Hands Off’ Owner Completes 20 Years.” New York Times, January 3, 1993.
______. “In a ‘Dear Bud’ Letter, CBS Opposes Lockout.” New York Times, October 30, 1992.
______. “Injunction Hearing Set; Clubs Offer New Plan.” New York Times, March 28, 1995.
______. “It’s a Table for 6 Owners.” New York Times, April 24, 1993.
______. “The Labor Deal Hinges on the Word from Selig.” New York Times, October 26, 1996.
______. “League Presidents Out as Baseball Centralizes.” New York Times, September 16, 1999.
______. “Let’s Share, Ravitch Tells Baseball’s Owners.” New York Times, December 1, 1992.
______. “Letter from Fehr Showed He Had Hope for Talks.” New York Times, June 1, 2002.
______. “Management Touts Togetherness Theme.” New York Times, July 20, 1994.
______. “Mattingly Wins $1.975 Million in Arbitration.” New York Times, February 18, 1987.
______. “Mitchell Seeks to Put Teeth into Inquiry.” New York Times, June 22, 2006.
______. “Molitor Gets Chance This Time Around.” New York Times, August 3, 1993.
______. “Mr. Break-It and Mr. Fix-It.” New York Times, January 4, 1998.
______. “Negotiating Teams Move to Night Round of Talks.” New York Times, March 2, 1995.
______. “Negotiating Tone Helped Lead to Deal.” New York Times, September 1, 2002.
______. “A New Owners’ Meeting Gets Off to a Slow Start.” New York Times, January 18, 1994.
______. “No Commissioner, and Perhaps No Penalty for Schott.” New York Times, November 22, 1992.
______. “No Lockout? No Strike? No Way to Really Tell until the Labor Talks Begin.” New York Times, January 10, 1993.
______. “No Runs, No Hits, No Errors: Baseball Goes on Strike.” New York Times, August 12, 1994.
______. “No Strike, but Maybe No Added Playoffs.” New York Times, August 18, 1993.
______. “Now What? Baseball’s Labor Deal Is Rejected.” New York Times, November 7, 1996.
______. “No Yankee Jacket Required: Is Showalter In or Out?” New York Times, October 27, 1995.
______. “Oh, Strike That: Talks Put Off until Further Notice.” New York Times, August 26, 1994.
______. “On Baseball; Congress Nudges Union in Selig’s New Lineup.” New York Times, November 16, 2005.
______. “One Year Later, Stoicism and Words of Concern from Vincent.” New York Times, September 5, 1993.
______. “Owner against Owner: It Could Be 9 Innings in Court.” New York Times, September 5, 1992.
______. “Owners Adopt Revenue Plan, but It’s Tied to Salary Cap.” New York Times, January 19, 1994.
______. “Owners and Players Stand Still; Clock Runs.” New York Times, July 19, 1994.
______. “Owners Approve Playoff Format.” New York Times, June 18, 1993.
______. “Owners Approve Realignment of Divisions.” New York Times, September 10, 1993.
______. “Owners Chose Their Course.” New York Times, February 12, 1995.
______. “Owners Circle Bases without Ever Scoring.” New York Times, September 7, 1993.
______. “Owners Favor Realignment, More Playoffs.” New York Times, March 5, 1993.
______. “Owners Give New Powers Only to Selig.” New York Times, January 23, 2000.
______. “Owners Link Salaries to Revenue Sharing.” New York Times, February 18, 1993.
______. “Owners’ New Voice Is Peddling Same Line.” New York Times, November 12, 1994.
______. “Owners Pass Cap Plan to Present to the Players.” New York Times, June 9, 1994.
______. “Owners’ Plan Has Payoff for Cardinals.” New York Times, November 25, 1994.
______. “Owners Scrap Salary Cap to Create a Ray of Hope.” New York Times, February 5, 1995.
______. “Owners Take Steps to Prevent a Strike.” New York Times, August 13, 1993.
______. “Owners Terminate Season, without the World Series.” New York Times, September 15, 1994.
______. “Owners Unveil Salary Cap Proposal to a Chilly Reception from Players.” New York Times, June 15, 1994.
______. “Owners Vote to Use Replacements as Talks Go On.” New York Times, March 31, 1995.
______. “Plan Would Give Boost to Middle-Class Teams.” New York Times, July 15, 2000.
______. “Players Association Sets Strike Date of August 12.” New York Times, July 29, 1994.
______. “Players Must Wait for Owners to Settle Their Differences; Union Finds Itself Left in the Dark.” New York Times, July 12, 1993.
______. “Players Offer Ideas on Sharing Owners’ Wealth.” New York Times, August 13, 1994.
______. “Players Union Chief Talks to Owners.” New York Times, January 18, 2002.
______. “Players Union Delays Vote on a Strike Date.” New York Times, June 17, 1994.
______. “Players Union Proposes Tests for Illegal Steroids.” New York Times, August 8, 2002.
______. “A Question of Pace: Is Selig’s Too Slow?” New York Times, August 29, 1996.
______. “Reluctant Baseball Owners Approve Pact with Players.” New York Times, November 27, 1996.
______. “Replacement Players May Play Ball Next Year.” New York Times, November 30, 1994.
______. “Revenue-Sharing Ball Is in the Owners’ Court.” New York Times, August 10, 1993.
______. “Salary Cap Taken Off Immediate Agenda.” New York Times, December 1, 1994.
______. “Selig, Contradicting Negotiators, Says There Is No Deal.” New York Times, October 27, 1996.
______. “Selig Has Become Target of Some Players’ Anger.” New York Times, March 5, 2002.
______. “Selig, in a Sense of Mourning, Cancels Baseball Games.” New York Times, September 12, 2001.
______. “Selig Names Panel to Study Payrolls.” New York Times, January 14, 1999.
______. “Selig’s Daughter Resigns as Brewers’ Chief.” New York Times, September 26, 2002.
______. “Selig Set to Drop ‘Acting’ from Commissioner.” New York Times, June 18, 1998.
______. “Selig’s Threat: Settle Soon, or Wait till Next Year,” New York Times, September 3, 1994.
______. “Selig Still Doesn’t Want to Be the Commissioner.” New York Times, October 29, 1993.
______. “Six to Eight Are on List for New Commissioner.” New York Times, September 8, 1993.
______. “Steinbrenner Angers Executive Council.” New York Times, May 8, 1997.
______. “Steinbrenner Banned as Executive Council Member.” New York Times, May 14, 1997.
______. “Steinbrenner Discussed Selling a Piece of Yankees.” New York Times, March 20, 1998.
______. “Steinbrenner Solvent, Baseball Says.” New York Times, November 6, 1993.
______. “Stormy Times Bringing Bright Spots for Yanks.” New York Times, September 15, 1993.
______. “Take Away the ‘Acting’ Label: Selig Is Baseball’s Commissioner.” New York Times, July 10, 1998.
______. “Talks Are Feverish with Strike Due Tomorrow.” New York Times, August 29, 2002.
______. “Talk-Show Diplomacy Won’t Settle the Issue.” New York Times, August 2, 1994.
______. “Those Tumultuous Winter Meetings Conclude under a Cloud.” New York Times, December 10, 1992.
______. “Threat of a Bloc Veto Hangs over Meetings.” New York Times, January 16, 1994.
______. “Threat of Congress Shadows Mitchell’s Steroids Inquiry.” New York Times, March 2, 2007.
______. “A Title Is Diminished but the Salary Soars.” New York Times, February 15, 1994.
______. “Tougher Adversaries Might Face the Union.” New York Times, March 5, 1995.
______. “Two Sides Firmly Apart with Deadline in Sight.” New York Times, August 28, 2002.
______. “Uneasy Are the Men Who Sign Those Lineup Cards; Tigers Give Anderson a Leave of Absence.” New York Times, February 18, 1995.
______. “Union May Be Attaching Strings to Playoff Plans.” New York Times, August 18, 1993.
______. “Union Talks of Solidarity, and of Return.” New York Times, February 17, 1995.
______. “Unruly Fans Disrupt Tigers’ Home Opener.” New York Times, May 3, 1995.
______. “Vincent, Bowing to Owners’ Will, Resigns as Baseball Commissioner.” New York Times, September 8, 1992.
______. “What’s $32 Million More? Yanks Sign Contreras.” New York Times, December 25, 2002.
______. “When It Comes to Members of Minorities, How Soon Baseball Forgets.” New York Times, January 24, 1999.
______. “The White Sox Take a Stand on Steroid Tests.” New York Times, March 12, 2003.
______. “Will a Realignment Be Good for the Game?” New York Times, October 21, 1993.
______. “Yanks’ Tab with New Rules: $77 Million.” New York Times, December 7, 1996.
Chass, Murray, and Charles V. Bagli. “Steinbrenner Is Said to Be Close to Sale of Yankees to Cablevision.” New York Times, November 21, 1998.
Christian, Carol. “Former Astros Player Caminiti Pleads Guilty to Drug Charge.” Houston Chronicle, March 22, 2002.
Clines, Frank. “Small-Market Played Role in Departure, Molitor Says.” Milwaukee Journal, June 26, 1993.
Coffey, Wayne. “Boss Looks Back, Warns Jeter and Joe in Exclusive Sit-Down with News.” New York Daily News, December 29, 2002.
Conason, Joe. “Fortune’s Child: George W. Bush and His $15 Million from a Shady Baseball Deal.” Harper’s Magazine, February 2000.
Cook, Ron. “Slam Dance.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 9, 1996.
Culpepper, Chuck. “George Has Curious Reply.” Newsday, October 26, 2003.
Curry, Jack. “All the Magic Is Gone from the Yankees’ Numbers.” New York Times, September 14, 1994.
______. “Baseball Backs Stiffer Penalties for Steroid Use.” New York Times, November 16, 2005.
______. “Bonds Hits No. 756 to Break Aaron’s Record.” New York Times, August 8, 2007.
______. “Call of the Wild Card: The Yankees Clinch Playoff Berth.” New York Times, October 2, 1995.
______. “Cashman Stays Silent about Future.” New York Times, October 28, 1999.
______. “Cone Makes Up His Mind: 3 Years in Pinstripes.” New York Times, December 22, 1995.
______. “Day 2 a Time for Quiet Discussion.” New York Times, March 3, 1993.
______. “Enter the Once and Future King.” New York Times, February 25, 1993.
______. “Everyone’s in Gear, Including Steinbrenner.” New York Times, February 25, 2004.
______. “Extra Practice Pays as Bonds Ties Aaron’s Mark.” New York Times, August 5, 2007.
______. “The Fall of a Baseball Autumn; The Ballplayers’ Strike Seems to Have Been Inevitable.” New York Times, September 20, 1994.
______. “House Invites 7 Players to Drug-Policy Hearing.” New York Times, March 4, 2005.
______. “If the Ax Falls, Watson Will Not Run for Cover.” New York Times, September 12, 1996.
______. “In a Surprise, the Brewers Say the Team Is for Sale.” New York Times, January 17, 2004.
______. “It’s Winter, but Steinbrenner Is Warming Up.” New York Times, December 11, 1992.
______. “Joyful Molitor Is the Blue Jay with the Red Eyes.” New York Times, October 25, 1993.
______. “Just Like That, It’s Monday in Park with George.” New York Times, March 2, 1993.
______. “League Championship Series; There’s Not Much to Say after a Stunning Defeat.” New York Times, October 10, 1998.
______. “Listen Hard: Steinbrenner Is as Silent as Yankee Stadium.” New York Times, September 14, 1994.
______. “Manager Showalter Meets the Meddler.” New York Times, February 14, 1993.
______. “Mattingly Ponders His Future.” New York Times, August 11, 1994.
______. “Mattingly Slips a Rung on Yank Ladder.” New York Times, April 14, 1993.
______. “Mattingly Won’t Play Blame Game.” New York Times, September 26, 1993.
______. “McGwire Stopped His Use of Andro Four Months Ago.” New York Times, August 6, 1999.
______. “Michael Is Taking ‘the Return’ in Stride.” New York Times, February 28, 1993.
______. “Midseason Report; So Far, Nothing Has Slowed the Yanks.” New York Times, July 9, 1996.
______. “The Owner Gives Torre a Vote of Confidence.” New York Times, September 19, 1996.
______. “Owners Link Salaries to Revenue Sharing.” New York Times, February 18, 1993.
______. “Owners Looking Hard at Revenue Sharing.” New York Times, August 12, 1993.
______. “A Return to Glory.” New York Times, October 27, 1996.
______. “Selig Seeks Harder Line on Drugs in Baseball.” New York Times, May 1, 2005.
______. “Steinbrenner Criticized for Signing Strawberry.” New York Times, June 21, 1995.
______. “Steinbrenner’s Tears of Rage and Joy.” New York Times, July 8, 2003.
______. “Steroid Investigation Begins, but Not without Some Concerns.” New York Times, March 31, 2006.
______. “Subway Series; Teary Steinbrenner Soaks Up the Excitement.” New York Times, October 27, 2000.
______. “Tearful Giambi Is Proud to Put On the Pinstripes.” New York Times, December 14, 2001.
______. “Today’s Forecast: Hurricane George.” New York Times, March 1, 1993.
______. “Torre Remains Placid amid Swirl of Rumors.” New York Times, June 15, 2000.
______. “2 Balks Follow Jackson’s Address.” New York Times, January 13, 1993.
______. “Watson Hopes 80 Hours Is Enough.” New York Times, April 29, 1997.
______. “Winning Wounded: Mattingly and Williams on D.L.” New York Times, April 14, 1993.
______. “Yankees and Wells Hope Fine Ends Story.” New York Times, March 10, 2003.
______. “Yankees Clinch and Paint Town in Pinstripes.” New York Times, September 26, 1996.
______. “Yankees Concerned as Cone Still Feels Numbness.” New York Times, May 7, 1996.
______. “Yankees Finally Get It Right and Land a Lefty.” New York Times, December 11, 1992.
______. “Yankees in Crisis at Top? Of Course.” New York Times, December 17, 1992.
______. “Yankees Trade Roberto Kelly to Reds for O’Neill.” New York Times, November 4, 1992.
______. “Yankees Welcome Their Nemesis.” New York Times, February 19, 1999.
______. “Yanks’ New Strategy Has Tampa Imprint.” New York Times, December 13, 1992.
______. “Yanks Pull the Switch: Mattingly Bats Fifth.” New York Times, July 21, 1994.
______. “Yanks Spirit Watson Away from Astros for G.M.” New York Times, October 24, 1995.
______. “Yet Another Era Begins as the Yankees Hire Torre.” New York Times, November 3, 1995.
______. “A Youthful but Yankee-Wise Leader.” New York Times, February 4, 1998.
Curry, Jack, and Jere Longman. “Results of Steroid Testing Spur Baseball to Set Tougher Rules.” New York Times, November 14, 2003.
Curry, Jack, and Tyler Kepner. “The Month of May Has Been Difficult for the Boss.” New York Times, May 28, 2003.
Daley, Ken. “No-Win Situation; Selig Reluctantly Calls Game after Teams Run Out of Players.” Dallas Morning News, July 10, 2002.
D’Amato, Gary. “Stayin’ Alive: Brewers Muster Their Mojo for Miller Park’s Postseason Debut.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, October 5, 2008.
Darcy, Kieran. “The Man Who Would Be King.” ESPN.com, June 6, 2008.
Davidoff, Ken. “Boss Names Jeter Captain.” Newsday, June 4, 2003.
Daykin, Tom, and Daniel Bice. “Retractable Domed Stadium to Be Proposed for Downtown.” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 5, 1994.
Daykin, Tom, and Rick Romel. “Brewers Want Stadium with Convertible Roof.” Milwaukee Sentinel, February 26, 1994.
______. “A Stadium Downtown.” Milwaukee Sentinel, February 7, 1994.
De Krestor, Leela. “Yank ‘Heir’ $queeze Play.” New York Post, April 25, 2007.
Diamos, Jason. “Yankees and Jeter Reach Agreement.” New York Times, March 11, 1997.
DiComo, Anthony. “Selig: Report Is a ‘Call to Action.’ ” MLB.com, December 13, 2007.
Eder, Steve. “Biogenesis Founder Surrenders to D.E.A. Agents.” New York Times, August 5, 2014.
Edes, Gordon. “Foul Called on Dykstra.” Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel, February 17, 1995.
______. “Marlins’ Barger Dies at Owners’ Meetings.” Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel, December 10, 1992.
______. “MLB Finally Gets Picture on TV Deal.” Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel, November 12, 1995.
______. “Selig Says He Never Saw Signs of Steroids.” Boston Globe, July 13, 2005.
Elfrink, Tim. “A Florida Clinic Supplies Drugs to Sports’ Biggest Names.” Miami New Times, January 31, 2014.
______. “Florida Investigator: I Warned Major League Baseball Not to Buy Stolen Records.” Miami New Times, October 14, 2014.
Fainaru, Steve. “Expos for Sale: Team Becomes Pawn of Selig.” Washington Post, June 28, 2004.
______. “Selig Plays Hardball on Stadium Deals.” Washington Post, June 27, 2004.
Fainaru-Wada, Mark. “Dreams, Steroids, Death—A Ballplayer’s Downfall.” San Francisco Chronicle, December 19, 2004.
Fainaru-Wada, Mark, and Lance Williams. “Bonds Got Steroids, Feds Were Told.” San Francisco Chronicle, March 1, 2004.
______. “Bonds Used Steroids in 2003, Trainer Says on Secret Recording.” San Francisco Chronicle, October 16, 2004.
______. “Giambi Admitted Taking Steroids.” San Francisco Chronicle, December 2, 2004.
______. “Investigator Urges Bonds to Aid Probe of Steroids.” San Francisco Chronicle, February 26, 2006.
______. “The Truth: Barry Bonds and Steroids.” Sports Illustrated, March 13, 2006.
______. “What Bonds Told BALCO Grand Jury.” San Francisco Chronicle, December 2, 2004.
Fauber, John. “Secrecy Surrounds Brewer Finances.” Milwaukee Journal, April 3, 1994.
Feinsand, Mark. “Hank, Bosox Bomb Yanks. New Boss Fumes over Stink.” New York Daily News, August 28, 2008.
______. “Notes: Boss Says Cashman Responsible.” MLB.com, July 5, 2006.
Fish, Mike. “FBI Knew of McGwire’s Steroid Use.” ESPN.com, January 11, 2010.
______. “Radomski’s Legacy: The Man Who Made the Mitchell Report Sing.” ESPN.com, February 12, 2008.
Flaherty, Tom. “The Problem Solver.” Milwaukee Journal, September 27, 1993.
______. “A Special Friendship.” Milwaukee Journal, February 11, 1994.
______. “Toronto’s Star, Now.” Milwaukee Journal, September 26, 1993.
Footer, Alyson. “Clemens, Pettitte React to Report.” MLB.com, December 13, 2007.
Freeman, Mike, and Buster Olney. “New Drug Tests in Baseball Stir Debate among Players.” New York Times, April 22, 2003.
Frey, Jennifer. “Mets vs. Yanks: Guy Named Bubba at 2d, Guy Named Sisk on the Mound.” New York Times, March 5, 1995.
Garcia-Roberts, Gus. “MLB’s A-Rod Inquiry: Investigators Were Told Documents Were Stolen, but Bought Records Anyway, Officials Say.” Newsday, May 11, 2014.
Gardner, Charles F. “Brewers 10, Giants 8: Wild and Crazy Crew Surges, Falls Back, Then Rallies.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, September 24, 2006.
Gilbert, Craig. “The House That Bud Built.” Milwaukee Journal, March 6, 1994.
______. “Many Factors Led to Lottery’s Landslide Loss.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, April 6, 1995.
______. “Why Brewers Tossed a Changeup.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 15, 1995.
Glauber, Bill. “Toast of the Town.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, September 29, 2008.
Grant, Peter. “Off Field Paydays Torre, Valentine Capitalize on Teams’ Success.” New York Daily News, October 19, 1999.
______. “Yankees’ Push for TV Profits Sparks Clash of Power Players.” Wall Street Journal, June 12, 2003.
Hack, Damon. “Fans Balance Flag-Waving with Pennant-Racing.” Newsday, September 22, 2001.
Hallissy, Erin. “Lawmakers Enter Fray on Drug Use in Baseball.” San Francisco Chronicle, December 6, 2004.
Handley, Daniel P, Jr. “Ballpark Figure: Selig Envisions New Stadium.” Milwaukee Journal, April 13, 1993.
______. “Baseball’s Future Rides on Talks.” Milwaukee Journal, August 8, 1993.
______. “Baseball’s Power Broker.” Milwaukee Journal, September 29, 1992.
______. “Ending Clouds the Day.” Milwaukee Journal, September 10, 1992.
______. “Jackson Group Plans Protest against Brewers.” Milwaukee Journal, April 9, 1993.
______. “Loss Said to Be at Least $5 Million.” Milwaukee Journal, October 9, 1992.
______. “Norquist Says Brewers Need More Help to Build Stadium.” Milwaukee Journal, August 13, 1993.
______. “Revenue Wrangling: Owners Still Working on a Deal.” Milwaukee Journal, August 25, 1993.
______. “Selig-Prieb Steps Up to the Plate.” Milwaukee Journal, August 10, 1993.
______. “Speak Up Now, Norquist Says.” Milwaukee Journal, May 12, 1993.
______. “Still Brewing: Revenue-Sharing Plan Renews Talk of Stadium.” Milwaukee Journal, January 20, 1994.
______. “We Don’t Want to Go, Selig Asserts.” Milwaukee Journal, June 3, 1992.
______. “Will a Strike Halt the Season?” Milwaukee Journal, April 3, 1994.
Harris, Craig, Joseph A. Reaves, and Nick Piecoro. “D-Back Admits Steroid Use.” Arizona Republic, June 7, 2006.
Harris, Elliott. “Media Friendly? Mighty Selig Has Struck Out.” Chicago Sun-Times, July 11, 2002.
Hartford Courant. “Reaches a High; the Art of the Deal.” Newsday, September 1, 2002.
Haudricourt, Tom. “August 12 Baseball Strike Date Set, Players Vow to Fight ‘Long as It Takes.’ ” Milwaukee Sentinel, July 29, 1994.
______. “Baseball Official Set to Quit over Power Loss.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, September 11, 1999.
______. “Baseball Owners Impose Salary Cap.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, December 23, 1994.
______. “Baseball Revenue Plan 1 Vote Shy.” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 7, 1994.
______. “Baseball’s Future Rides on Talks.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 8, 1993.
______. “Baseball Stalemate Seems Likely No Talks Held; Start of ’95 Season in Question.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 13, 1994.
______. “Big-Market Group Bolts, Has Caucus.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 12, 1993.
______. “Brewers Putting Up $90 Million.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 20, 1995.
______. “Brewers Won’t Limit Search for New Duo.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 13, 1999.
______. “Canseco an Unsavory Messenger, but His Story Rings True.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, February 13, 2005.
______. “Designated Hero: He’s Just the Ticket.” Milwaukee Sentinel, June 22, 1993.
______. “Despite Labor Strife, Selig Bears No Permanent Scars.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 28, 1998.
______. “Fan Appreciation—Rally Brings Cheers for Selig, Petak, Jeers for Norquist.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 23, 1996.
______. “Fehr Is Hoping Talks Pick Up.” Milwaukee Sentinel, March 28, 1994.
______. “Fehr Scolds Selig for Reneging.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 12, 1996.
______. “History Moving On Up—Commissioner Selig Clearing Out of Cramped Office.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 27, 1999.
______. “In Seattle, Selig’s Heart Remains in Milwaukee.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 16, 1999.
______. “An Intentional Walk into the Sunset—Selig’s Dark Cloud Will Finally Lift.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 17, 2004.
______. “Journal Sentinel Q & A—Selig Cites ‘Machiavellian Behavior.’ ” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 17, 1996.
______. “Keeping Score—Baseball Setting a Record Pace for Runs.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, May 10, 2000.
______. “Labor Conflict Hits Baseball, Critical Meetings Set for Kohler.” Milwaukee Sentinel, July 31, 1993.
______. “Molitor Follows Brewers’ Saga.” Milwaukee Sentinel, May 24, 1993.
______. “Molitor Never Gave Price Tag.” Milwaukee Sentinel, May 25, 1993.
______. “Molitor’s Emotional Year Ends with Title.” Milwaukee Sentinel, October 25, 1993.
______. “Molitors Leaving Milwaukee Area.” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 11, 1993.
______. “Next Few Days Vital in Impasse, Clock Ticking toward Cancellation.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 10, 1994.
______. “Owners Back Selig’s Competitive Balance Draft.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 18, 2001.
______. “Owners Leave Sport in the Dark; Baseball Meetings Accomplish Little.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 12, 1993.
______. “Owners OK Revenue Sharing.” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 19, 1994.
______. “Owners Select Selig to Take Temporary Leadership.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 10, 1992.
______. “Rising Salaries Highlight Rifts.” Milwaukee Sentinel, March 9, 1992.
______. “Rookie Baseball Owners Escalate Salary Wars.” Milwaukee Sentinel, December 14, 1992.
______. “Selig Doesn’t Want Top Job.” Milwaukee Sentinel, December 10, 1992.
______. “Selig Feeling Sense of Pride.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, March 25, 2001.
______. “Selig Holds Meeting to Discuss Stalemate.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 5, 1994.
______. “Selig Joins Bonds Watch—He’s in San Francisco to See Homer Pursuit.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 25, 2007.
______. “Selig Plans to Catch Series with Bonds.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 21, 2007.
______. “Selig Says Career Would Be ‘Failure’ If Team Left.” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 17, 1994.
______. “Selig Scoffs at Miller’s Comments, Acting Commissioner Denies Union-Busting Charge.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 16, 1994.
______. “Selig’s Love of Game Praised at Statue’s Unveiling.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, August 24, 2010.
______. “Selig Takes Last Stand, Leaves Custard Behind.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 15, 1994.
______. “Selig Vows Action, Calls Vote ‘Significant.’ ” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 21, 2000.
______. “Selig Will Get Involved When Time Is Right.” Milwaukee Sentinel, August 27, 1994.
______. “Selig Will Stay On as Interim Commissioner.” Milwaukee Sentinel, January 20, 1994.
______. “Union-Busting Accusation Disputed.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 3, 1994.
______. “With Cancellation Looming, Owners Scattered.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 12, 1994.
Haudricourt, Tom, and Don Walker. “Cuts May Imperil Brewers on Field.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 9, 2003.
______. “Legislators Want to Audit Brewers.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 13, 2003.
______. “Payne Buyout Complete.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 22, 2003.
______. “Payne May Be Done at Brewers.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 12, 2003.
Heath, Thomas. “Baseball Urged to Let Teams Relocate.” Washington Post, July 15, 2000.
Hellmich, Nanci. “FDA Awaits Ephedra Report after Baseball Player’s Death.” USA Today, February 20, 2003.
Helyar, John. “Can Baseball Get Sponsors Back in the Ballgame?” Wall Street Journal, November 15, 1996.
Herzog, Bob. “Mets Take a Turn Pitching In.” Newsday, September 17, 2001.
Heyman, Jon. “Angry Steinbrenner Speaks Up.” Newsday, September 14, 1993.
______. “Boss Risks Losing Winner Cashman.” Newsday, October 10, 2003.
______. “Can Tigers ‘Surpass’ ’62 Mets?” Newsday, May 4, 2003.
______. “A Difficult Job Is Done Well.” Newsday, September 19, 2001.
______. “Jason Not Just Bulky but Balky.” Newsday, October 21, 2003.
______. “MLB Investigation Upsets Union.” Newsday, May 5, 2006.
______. “When Joe Got in Boss’ Face.” Newsday, February 20, 2004.
Hoch, Bryan. “Clemens Announces Return to Yanks.” MLB.com, May 6, 2007.
Hofmann, Dale. “Opening Onslaught Is a Good Start.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, April 27, 1995.
______. “Selig Keeps Owners Together in Battle.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 15, 1994.
______. “Selig-Prieb Takes Issue with Brewers’ Critics.” Newsday, November 14, 2003.
______. “Vincent Voted Down, Commissioner Says He’s Not Quitting.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 4, 1992.
______. “Well-Liked Selig Is Baseball’s Ultimate Power Broker.” Milwaukee Sentinel, September 24, 1992.
Holtzman, Jerome. “Owners Doubt That Levine Is the Real Deal.” Chicago Tribune, October 30, 1996.
Horgan, Sean. “Schott Takes Some of Blame.” Hartford Courant, December 10, 1992.
Howard, Johnette. “Looks Like George Has Lost His Fastball.” Newsday, May 25, 2005.
Hummel, Rick. “50–50 : Elite Group of Two; McGwire, Ruth Linked Forever in Baseball Lore.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 11, 1997.
Hunt, Michael. “Barry’s Visit Brings Anything but Fun.” In My Opinion. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, July 21, 2007.
______. “Molitor Return Earns Loud, Long Greeting.” Milwaukee Sentinel, June 26, 1993.
Idelson, Jeff. “First Class for the Bat; Its Bearer Tags Along.” New York Times, September 23, 2013.
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Jehl, Douglas. “President Will Call on Congress to Impose Baseball Arbitration.” New York Times, February 8, 1995.
Jenkins, Bruce. “Day Dark—Our Pastime in Ruins.” San Francisco Chronicle, September 15, 1994.
Jones, Richard P., and Joe Williams. “Brewers Seek More Public Aid.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, February 17, 1996.
Jordan, Pat. “Whaddya Mean No Man Is an Island?” Los Angeles Times Magazine, February 26, 1995.
Justice, Richard. “Baseball Studies Andro; No Plans to Issue Ban.” Washington Post, February 9, 2000.
______. “McGwire Surpasses Maris with 62nd Home Run.” Washington Post, September 8, 1998.
Kaplan, David. “The Most Hated Man in Baseball.” Newsweek, August 5, 1990.
Keegan, Tom. “Final Outcome Par for Selig’s Course.” New York Daily News, July 10, 2002.
Kepner, Tyler. “The Astros’ Plans Still Include Clemens.” New York Times, October 24, 2005.
______. “A Careful Apology from Giambi.” New York Times, February 11, 2005.
______. “Giambi Leads Newcomers into Camp.” New York Times, February 20, 2002.
______. “Hank Steinbrenner on A-Rod: ‘He Doesn’t Want to Be a Yankee.’ ” NYTimes.com, October 29, 2007.
______. “His Final Victory Is a Yankees Empire Restored.” New York Times, July 13, 2010.
______. “A Long Goodbye to an 85-Year Run.” New York Times, September 21, 2008.
______. “Matsui and the Yankees Agree to a Deal.” New York Times, December 20, 2002.
______. “McGwire Admits That He Used Steroids.” New York Times, January 11, 2010.
______. “No Word from Steinbrenner Yet on His Manager.” New York Times, October 9, 2006.
______. “Sightings of Steinbrenner Are Plentiful and Playful.” New York Times, February 23, 2006.
______. “Steinbrenner Appoints Jeter Captain of the Yankees.” New York Times, June 4, 2003.
______. “Steinbrenner Son Elected Chairman of Yankees.” New York Times, September 29, 2007.
______. “Swindal Divorce Shakes Up Yankee Hierarchy.” New York Times, March 29, 2007.
______. “Time for Reflection and Dissection in Yankees’ World.” New York Times, October 12, 2005.
______. “Torre Says No to Yankees’ Offer and Ends 12-Year Era.” New York Times, October 19, 2007.
______. “Torre Tells His Boss to Stop Meddling.” New York Times, November 1, 2003.
______. “The Trials of Jason Giambi.” New York Times, January 31, 2005.
______. “Wells’s Book Has Teammates Amused and Torre Concerned.” New York Times, March 1, 2003.
______. “Yankees Are Working on a Settlement with Swindal.” New York Times, May 17, 2007.
______. “Yanks’ Cashman Preparing for Next Year.” New York Times, October 22, 2004.
Kepner, Tyler, and Jack Curry. “Yankees’ Swindal Is Arrested in Florida.” New York Times, February 16, 2007.
Kepner, Tyler, and Maria Newman. “Yankees Manager Torre to Return Next Season.” New York Times, October 10, 2006.
Kernan, Kevin. “Big Mac to Jason: Easy Does It.” New York Post, April 7, 2002.
______. “The Boss’ Big Day—George Gets Own Field of Dreams.” New York Post, March 28, 2008.
Kifner, John. “Spring Rite for the Yankees: Complaining about the Stadium.” New York Times, June 9, 1994.
King, George. “Boss Sticks It to Brian; Blocks GM’s Departure by Picking Up Option.” New York Post, December 15, 2003.
______. “Cashman to Shea? Livid Boss Told GM He Can Cross Town.” New York Post, October 11, 2003.
______. “Deal All but Done—Rodriguez’s Megapact Could Top $300M with Revenue Sharing.” New York Post, November 16, 2007.
______. “The Fenway Flop Boss Fumes after Clemens Blows Lead.” New York Post, August 1, 1999.
______. “George Taps In-Law as Successor.” New York Post, June 29, 2005.
______. “Hal Won’t Stick Fork in Yankees.” New York Post, August 22, 2008.
______. “Neverending Torre—Joe Has His Eyes on 2005.” New York Post, February 19, 2004.
______. “Yanks Make It ‘E’-Z for Twins; Sloppy Defense Puts Bombers in 1–0 Hole.” New York Post, October 1, 2003.
Konigsberg, Bill. “Jose Canseco Barred from Attending News Conference on Mitchell Report.” USA Today, December 14, 2007.
Kristof, Nicholas. “Road to Politics Ran through a Texas Ballpark.” New York Times, September 24, 2000.
Lamke, Kenneth R. “Bye-Bye Brewers? Selig Says He, Other Baseball Owners Will Decide.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 15, 1996.
______. “Loan Offered to Keep Baseball in City, Joyce Says Team Is ‘Common Cause, Connection among Us.’ ” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 30, 1996.
______. “Miller Park Workers Raise the Roof.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 9, 1999.
______. “Petak’s Loss Doesn’t Bolster Prospects for Stadium Deal, Officials Say.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 5, 1996.
______. “Stadium Plan Is a Hit.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 27, 1996.
Lapointe, Joe. “Owners and Union Complete 5-Year Deal.” New York Times, October 24, 2006.
______. “World Champs; Soaked in Victory, Steinbrenner Savors It All Again.” New York Times, October 28, 1999.
Lebowitz, Larry. “Marlins Won’t Be Sold Short.” Orlando Sentinel, November 7, 1997.
Leung, Rebecca. “MLB Swings Back at Steroid Claims.” CBSNews.com, February 15, 2005.
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Lindlaw, Scott. “Bush Throws Out First Pitch before Game 3.” Associated Press, October 31, 2001.
Lockwood, Wayne. “Hall of Shame Awaits If Selig Calls.” San Diego Union-Tribune, September 13, 1994.
Lupica, Mike. “Tribute to a Hero in Jackie’s Memory, No. 42 Lives Forever.” New York Daily News, April 16, 1997.
Macur, Juliet. “Emotional Steinbrenner Aims to Put All His Houses in Order.” New York Times, May 2, 2004.
______. “Guilty Plea Widens Baseball’s Steroids Scandal.” New York Times, April 28, 2007.
______. “Voices: From Fearsome to Softy in One Interview.” New York Times, July 13, 2010.
Macur, Juliet, and David E. Sanger. “Baseball’s Steroid Panel Asks Active Players to Appear.” New York Times, May 5, 2007.
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______. “Embattled MLB Union Chief Donald Fehr Steps Down, Owed a Debt of Gratitude.” New York Daily News, June 23, 2009.
______. “A Permanent End for Some.” New York Daily News, October 9, 1995.
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______. “Guessing the Score: Open Secret—A Special Report; Steroid Suspicions Abound in Major League Dugouts.” New York Times, October 11, 2000.
______. “Woman in the News; Strike-Zone Arbitrator—Sonia Sotomayor.” New York Times, April 1, 1995.
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______. “Everyone Seems Pumped Up about McGwire and Andro.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 29, 1998.
______. “McGwire’s Heart Measures Up; Fans Had Big Role in Making Deal Work.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 17, 1997.
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______. “We’ll Know in a Week Whether Baseball Will Resume.” September 3, 1994.
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______. “Yank Numbers: Double Plays, First Place.” New York Times, August 14, 1993.
______. “Yount Stirs Crowd but He’s One Hit Away.” New York Times, September 9, 1992.
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______. “The Eternal Stadium Tax.” Murphy’s Law. UrbanMilwaukee.com, July 27, 2012.
______. “Our Billion Dollar Baby.” Milwaukee Magazine, February 2001.
______. “Storm Warnings.” Milwaukee Magazine, December 1996.
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______. “Baseball Owners Open Door to Talks.” Los Angeles Times, December 8, 1992.
______. “Head of Players Union Calls Negotiator for Owners a ‘Hatchet Man.’ ” Los Angeles Times, August 23, 1994.
______. “NLRB Votes to Seek Injunction against Owners.” Los Angeles Times, March 27, 1995.
______. “Owners to Open Talks on Revenue.” Los Angeles Times, August 11, 1993.
______. “Owners Want Vincent Out of Baseball.” Los Angeles Times, September 4, 1992.
______. “Pitchers Hit the Showers in April.” Los Angeles Times, May 5, 1996.
______. “Ravitch and Some Owners Oppose the Hiring of a Commissioner until the Player Talks Are Completed.” Los Angeles Times, February 17, 1993.
______. “Selig Gets Big Show of Support.” Los Angeles Times, November 28, 2001.
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______. “The Game behind the Game, Negotiating in the Big Leagues.” Los Angeles Times, July 24, 1993.
______. “Sheffield Unfazed by Probe.” USA Today, February 26, 2007.
______. “Steroids Become an Issue.” Los Angeles Times, July 15, 1995.
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______. “MLB, Union Deny Rumors of Positive Tests.” New York Daily News, August 11, 2005.
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______. “Clemens Bends, and Yanks Strangely Wilt.” New York Times, August 1, 1999.
______. “Cone and the Yankees Are Back in Business.” New York Times, April 25, 1998.
______. “How the Boss Changed His Stripes.” New York Times, September 27, 1998.
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