The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
acute immune reaction
adaptation
of body parts and functions
vs. struggle for existence
to take advantage of change
adaptive immune system
adaptive perfectionism
Africa, diseases in
African-Americans, riots
afterlife, belief in
airborne transmission
air quality
air travel, microbes exposed to in
algae
Algonquians
Allis-Chalmers
altruism
American history
as taught to schoolchildren
varied populations involved in
American Indian College Fund
American West, geology of
amino acids
synthesis of, on early Earth and in the lab
amoeba
amphibians
amylase
anaerobic bacteria
in the intestines
anatomy, human and animal, compared
animals, cells of
anthropology, intradisciplinary approach of
antibiotics
discovery of
of last resort
overprescription and misuse of
resistance to
treatment with
antibodies
DNA of
number of
antigen-presenting
antigen-presenting cell (APC)
antigens
definition of
number of
in vaccines, body’s response to
antioxidant molecules
ants, and fungi gardens
apes
descent from (Darwin)
free will of
appendix, human
archetypes
Aristotle
assimilation
by contact
of populations
the result of population wars
atmosphere
carbon dioxide in, and global warming
components of
of early Earth, and extinctions
Australia
author (Greg Graffin)
property in upstate New York
automobiles
clean running
and roadkill
bacteria
antibiotic-resistant
control and destruction of
described (size and shape)
essential services of, to the environment
fossil
gene transfer in
in the human body
number of species of
origin of, on early Earth
prokaryotic cells of
protection against oxygen poisoning
way of life of
bacteriophage viruses
Bad Religion band
bald eagle
banded iron formations (BIFs)
Bangladesh
barns, construction of
Battle of Newtown
Battle of Oriskany
B-cells (lymphocytes)
beaches, public access to
bear, short-faced (extinct)
beards, evolution of
beaver, extermination of
beech trees, threatened with extinction
beetles, and tree diseases
behavior
affected by parasites
determinism in
Bell, Ruby
Bhola cyclone
“Big Five” mass extinction events
biofilms
biology
influence of economic theory on
insights from
lack of a unified theory of
nonteleological nature of
biome
biomolecules, synthesis of
biosphere
interdependence in the
stewardship of
birds
breathing of
coloration of related species of
birth control (“moral restraint”)
blame
blood vessels
bogs
bone marrow
brain, human
capacity of
structure of
weeding out neurons in the
brain, of primates
Brant, Joseph
Brant, Molly (Mary)
breathing in
of contagious germs
of oxygen, with lungs
British Empire in North America
in the Revolutionary War
bubonic plague (Black Death)
Buffalo Creek, New York
bumper sticker philosophy
Butler, John
cable connections
California, sedimentary rocks in
California Coastal Commission
Callière, Louis-Hector de
Canada, English possession of
cancer tumors
carbapenems
carbon dioxide
in atmosphere, and global warming
in atmosphere of early Earth, and extinctions
in early Earth, life’s origin from
Cartier, Jacques
casinos, Native American
catalytic converters
Catherine’s Town
Catholic Church
adaptation of, to modern times
Cayuga Indians
cell phones, addiction to, at expense of conversation
cells
death of, and clean up by macrophages
differentiation and division of
on early Earth
evolution of
of human body
parts of (nucleus, organelles)
of plants and animals, differences
somatic and germ
cellulose
Central Africa, disease in
cerebral cortex, cells in
Champlain, Samuel de
Channel Islands, California
chaparral plant
charity for the poor
Charles, Darwin
cheetah (threatened)
chestnut trees, near extinction of
child-bearing, restrictions on
children
helping them to grow up
science education of
chimera
chimpanzees
China
chlorination of drinking water
Christianity, beliefs of
circulation system
cities, rats in
Citizens United
Civil War, American
Clausewitz, Carl von
climate change
belief that disaster is inescapable
carbon dioxide and
current examples of
and extinction
Clinton, James
clothing, appropriate, for visiting churches
coexistence
in nature (web of life)
of populations
vs. struggle for existence
Cologne, Germany, Dom (Cathedral) in
Colorado Plateau
Colorado River
commensualism
communism
comparative anatomy
competition
in business, negative effects of
as explanatory concept in economics, biology, etc.
lack of proof of observation
life as
as mechanism of natural selection
question as to reality of the concept
for resources
in sports
symbiosis vs.
complement (toxin)
compromise, value of
computers, addiction to
computer viruses
consciousness, origin of
Continental Army
conversations
multiple
with people of opposing views
coral reefs
Cornell University
corporate personhood (“corporations are people”) idea
corpses, unsafe burial practices
Correns, Karl
cortex
cowboys
Crick, Francis
crude oil
culture change
cyanobacteria
cyclones, and loss of life
cytoskeleton
Darwin, Charles
On the Origin of Species
pangenesis theory
Darwinism
an excuse for cruelty and to pass judgment
traditional “survival of the fittest” type of
Dawkins, Richard
DDT
Delco Remy
democracy
Democratic party
determinism, in human behavior
de Vries, Hugo
digestion of food
dinoflagellates
diseases
in Africa
chronic, from longer lifespans
spread of
teleological explanation for (God)
“war” on
disinfectants, resistance to
disturbed habitats
DNA
sequencing of
valueless portions of
viruses as part of
dodo
dogs, decision-making by
Dom (Cathedral) in Cologne, Germany
Down syndrome
drinking water, treating of
Dutch, in North America
Earth
disturbed by human activity
environmental stewardship of
Gaia hypothesis
Earth, early
formation of
geologic epochs of
life’s origins on
earthquakes
and loss of life
Eastern America, geology of
Ebola virus
ecological web
ecology movement
economic theory, influence of biology theories on
ecosystems
preservation of
transformed by suburbs
“the Edge” (guitarist)
election laws
elephants (threatened)
Elizabeth I
elm trees, near extinction of
embryos, development of
empathy
and ameliorating suffering
lack of
endangered species, protection of
endogenization
endosymbiosis (and theory of evolution)
enemies
desire to vanquish
inventing them, as excuse for violence
vanquished, that assimilate
vanquished, that rebound and rebuild
English
in colonial upstate New York
See also British Empire in North America
environment
vs. heredity, in individual development
humans’ control over
environmental crisis, dealing with
environmentalists, misguided attitudes of, re other species
environmental stewardship
of planet Earth
reason for
in rural communities
of wilderness
epidemics, exponential growth of cases
Erie Canal
Erie nation
eugenics
eukaryotes
as chimera
origin of, as protection against viral attack
origin of, on early Earth
evil
evolution
definition of (“descent with modification”)
episodic rather than smoothly branching
epochs in
falsely thought to be no longer affecting humans
in localized populations
mathematical treatment of
nonteleological nature of
a product of symbiosis
progress in, supposed
rejection of progressive and purposive explanations
slow and hard to see
teaching of, to students
evolutionary science
evolutionary synthesis
evolutionary tradeoff
evolution management (evolution of other species)
existence of a species
no purpose in
reason for, Aristotle’s view
extinction
climate change and
speed and time span of
extinctions, specific
of the human race
mass
of megafauna
“sixth” (of humans)
of species
of trees
fads and trends
failures, of workers, after shut down of businesses
fallacy of misplaced concreteness
Famennian
families, multiethnic
farming, Native American
fiberoptic
financial panic of 2007
Finger Lakes region
geology of
Native Americans in
in the Revolutionary War
fishes
evolution of
free will of
oxygen intake of
Five Nations
fleas
Fleming, Alexander
flickers, coloration of related species of
Florida Keys
fluoridation of drinking water
food
arithmetic increase in quantity
of humans, variety of
microbes on
struggle for (Malthusianism)
food poisoning
forests, healthy vs. diseased
Fort Niagara
forts, French and English, in upstate New York
fossil fuels
fossils
bacteria
exposure of
the fossil record
Francis, Pope
Frasnian
freedom of religion
freedom of speech (First Amendment)
free market
free will
belief in
definition of
disbelief in, beneficial effect of
not an explanation for success or failure
origin of, in evolutionary history, as question
reluctance of biologists to discuss
French
in colonial upstate New York
traders
French and Indian War
French Empire in North America
frogs
fundamentalist Christians
fungus infection, and tree extinctions
fur trade
Gaia hypothesis
Galton, Francis
gambling
gardening
gas companies (fracking)
Gates. Horatio
gemmules (Darwin)
gene pool
genes
in DNA
passed along
preventing spread of bad ones (eugenics)
shared, in a population
transfer of, vertical vs. horizontal
transmission of, to offspring
transposition of, assisted by viruses
variant (alleles) and disease
genetic code, sequencing of
genetic fusion
genetic screenings
genetic variations
spread of successful ones
viruses contributing to
Genghis Khan
genocide
genome, viruses as part of
geology
author’s training in
and knowledge of biology
George III
Germany, church attendance in
germ cells (sex cells)
germinal selection theory
germ plasm theory
“getting along” (Rodney King)
giraffes, long neck of
glaciers
periods of glaciation
in Pleistocene epoch
retreating
global travel
microbes spread by
and panmictic mating
global warming
politics of
God
God’s will or plan
“going viral”
gonorrhea, untreatable
Google Earth
government, need for, to protect environment
Grand Canyon
Great Lakes region
Green Bay, Wisconsin
greenhouse gases
Guinea
gut-brain axis
Hamilton, William
handshake, refusing a
haves and have-nots, reason for
hawk, vision of
hawks and doves (in war)
Helicobacter pylori
Henry VIII
herbicides
heredity
Darwin’s ignorance of
vs. environment, in individual development
theory of
Herkimer, Nicholas
heroes in history
history
demarcation of, by wars
population wars in
HIV
holobiont
homeless people
honeysuckle
horses, evolution of
horseshoe crabs
horsetails
Hudson, Thomas (Telenemut)
hugging, as automatic reflex
human beings
adaptability of
coexistence of, and value of compromise
getting along with each other
human body, number of cells in
human exceptionalism
human genome
inheritances in
sequencing of
viral load of (about half)
humanism
human nature, belief that it is born good
human population
in 1300s
in 1800s
in 1900s
in 2000s (7.1 billion in 2015)
geometric increase in numbers
growth of, and war
managing of
persistence of, despite diseases, wars, natural disasters
slowing the rate of increase
stewardship of
human race (Homo sapiens)
belief that we are the ultimate in evolution
brain size of
control of planet and selves
descent from apes (Darwin)
disdain for the
evolution of, in the future
extermination of, desired by some environmentalists
extinction of, possible
extinction of, potentially avoidable
geological age of
improvement of, through eugenics
origin and purpose of
subpopulations in, and war
unique abilities and place of
Hunt, George
hunting and gathering
Hurons
dispersion of
hydrocarbons (oil), formation of, in shale in oceans
hydrogen peroxide
from neutrophils
hydrogen sulfide
“I,” a coalition of many populations
ideas
compared to mutations
spread of, like disease
ideologies, flawed, leading to war
Illinois
immune system
“educated” by exposure to microbes
evolution of
two parts of, innate and adaptive
warfare analogy, not accurate
imported goods, at expense of American manufactures
Indian Ocean, storm surge in, and large-scale loss of life (2004)
individuals, heredity and environment affecting development of
Indonesia
infections, not treatable in colonial era
inflammation
three factors of (redness, heat, swelling)
influenza (flu)
avian and swine
injury
acute immune response to
potential route for infection
innate immune system
intelligence testing (IQ test)
intelligent-design creationists
interdisciplinary approach in science
International Harvester
Internet
viruses on the
intestinal bacteria
intestines, inflammation of
invasive species
invertebrates, immune system of
IPCC
Iroquoia
Iroquois Confederacy
civil war within
Iroquois Indians
land use
as middlemen in the fur trade
population in upstate New York in colonial times
survival of
warfare
Ithaca, New York
-itis diseases
Jackson, Andrew
Japan
jellyfish
J.I. Case
job loss in 1980s manufacturing
Johnson, Guy
Johnson, John
Johnson, Sir William
Johnson family
“junk” DNA
Kaibab Plateau
“Keep America Beautiful” campaign
Kellogg, Vernon
kerogen
King, Rodney
“know thyself” (Socrates)
labor, cheap overseas
La Brea tar pits
hypothetical future of
ladybugs, spots on
Lake, James
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
lancelots
land
European vs. Native American view of
exploited for wealth, by Europeans in upstate New York
value of, for different uses
land animals
land-grant universities
La Salle, Réné-Robert de
Late Devonian
lawns and gardens
laws, punishment under
Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van
Lenin
leveraged buyouts
Lewontin, Richard
Liberia
life
as competition
definition of, replication essential to
origin of, on Earth
purpose of (none)
littering, roadside
liver
living fossils
lizards, free will of
logging, to resist tree blight
Los Angeles
1994 riots
park land in
punk subculture in
rats of
smog in
suburbs of
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD)
Louis Philippe
Lovelock, James
Loyalists
lungfishes
lungs
Luther, Martin
lymphatic system
lymph nodes
lymphocytes
Lysol
macrophages
“makers” and “takers”
malaria
eliminating
males, fighting for dominance and for mates
Malthus, Thomas
An Essay on the Principle of Population
mammals
free will of
and viruses, symbiosis of
mammoths
manufacturing
job loss in 1980s
vitality of, in first half of 20th century
mapping the earth
Marcellus Shale
Margulis, Lynn
Marvel comic-book movies
Mary I
mass media, environmental awareness promoted by
mastodons
Mauritius, extinctions on
Mayr, Ernst
measles
megafauna, extinction of
memes
Mendel, Gregor
Merezchkowsky, Dmitry
mergers of companies
methane
from digestion
formation of, in shale in oceans
in water
métis
Mexico, conquest of
microbes
exposure to, in air travel
invading, body dealing with
resistance to
survivability of
threat to humanity from
microbiome
Middle Ages, plagues in
Midwest, American
Miller, Stanley
mitochondria
modular assembly
Mohawk Indians
Mongol conquests
monocytes
Monsanto
Montour, Catherine
Montour, Isabel
Montour family
Montreal
mood, effect of gut on, and cultural differences in diet
mosquitoes
mother who attempted to murder her children by driving into the ocean, incident
moths, color of, changed by natural selection
mountain lions
and mule deer
mourning wars
MRSA
mucous membranes
mule deer, overpopulation
multiethnic families
music, author’s life in
mutations
caused by radiation, smoking, etc., or spontaneously
favorable, passed on
and normal variation
unfavorable
unfavorable with benefits
mutualism
Myanmar
Native Americans
alcohol and disease affecting
before contact with Europeans
captive on reservations
extermination of, attempted
farming
in Finger Lakes region
modern day
settlers’ wars with
survival of
sustainable practices of
in upstate New York
warfare
natural disasters
natural selection
example of (moths)
few examples of
nature, respect for
Neanderthal man
neo-Darwinism
neurons
connection between, created by experiences
natural selection of, from childhood to adulthood
number of, in the brain
Neutral nation
neutrophils
New England
New France
Newtown, New York
New York City
ethnic and class diversity in
rats of
New York state
European settlement of
Indian affairs office, colonial
upstate
western
1960s
nitrogen
nitrogen fixation
Norton, A. T.
nucleus
genetic material in
viral origin of
oceans
in crisis
of early Earth
formation of oil and gas in shale deposits in
photic zone of (upper 100 meters)
sedimentary rock formation in
offspring, similarities and differences from their parents
Ohio Valley
Oneida Indians
Onondaga Indians
opsonin
Ordovician
organelles
organic matter, breakdown of, with oxygen
organs
evolution of, from those of earlier species
evolution of, separately from evolution of whole bodies
oxidation of sedimentary rocks
oxygen
deprivation, and brain damage
generated and released into atmosphere
intake by animals
poisonous to bacteria
produced by bacteria
pangenesis
parasites, behavior affected by
parasitism
particulate inheritance
pathogens, infection with
PCBs in rivers
pelicans
penicillin
peptidoglycan
peroxisomes
personalized genomics
pesticides
pests
petroleum, formation of
phagocytes
phagocytosis
photosynthesis
plague
plankton
plants
cells
oxygen from
protection against oxygen poisoning
plastic bags, banning of
plastids
Pleistocene epoch
extinction event
glaciers in
plumbing and pipes, anaerobic bacteria in
pneumonic plague
polar bears (threatened)
polio
pollution
polymerase enzymes
Poor Laws (England)
popular science (mass media), influence on public
population. See human population
population genetics
populations
assimilation of
cannot be eradicated completely
coexistence of
definition of, in biology
ebb and flow of
equilibrium in interaction of
interaction between
localized
persistence of
telling them apart
population wars
assimilation the result of
on early Earth
fought over resources
in history
inevitability of
no ultimate victor and vanquished
uniqueness of each one
postwar era, and suburban living
poverty, escaping from
prairie, paved-over in suburbs
Precambrian
predators and prey
equilibrium between
pregnancy, screening for unwanted mutations (e.g. Down syndrome)
prejudice, overcoming
primates, brains of
prisoners of war
of Indians
torture of
prokaryotes
origin of, on early Earth
proteins
Protestants
pseudopod
public health, vigilance against disease
punishment
justification of
justified by belief in free will
punk subculture
viewed as useless and disruptive
purpose. See teleology
pus
rabbits, in Australia
races (or demes)
rainwater, returned to aquifer
rats
recycling
red blood cells
relationships, cherishing and nurturing
religion
arguments about
lessened hold of, especially in Europe
and purpose of life
sex as issue
remora fish, and sharks
replication, and definition of life
reptiles, free will of
Republican party
reservoir population
resistance, to antibiotics
resources, scarce
competition for
and war
reverse transcriptase
Revolutionary War
rhinoceros (threatened)
Rigand Vaudreuil, Philippe de
riots, urban
rivers, industrial pollution of
roadkill
Roundup
rural life
Russia
rust belt industries
saber-toothed cat (extinct)
Sadava, David
saliva and salivary glands
San Andreas Fault
San Fernando Valley, California, suburbia
Santa Monica Mountains
SARS
“Save the Planet” campaigns
Scala Naturae (“ladder of life”)
science
intradisciplinary syntheses in
modern, looks for process not purpose
overspecialization in
science education, of children
screening for unwanted mutations (e.g. Down syndrome), in pregnancy
sea urchins
secularism
sedimentary rocks
oxidation of, and color
selectionists
selective cloning
“selfish gene”
Semmelweis, Ignaz
Seneca Indians
sentimentalism, re environmental preservation
sequencing of DNA
settlers, dangerous lives of
sewage, wastewater from, returned to aquifer
sex issues, and religion
sharks
anatomy of
overfishing of
remora fish and
Sherman, William Tecumseh
sickle-cell anemia
Sierra Leone
Six Nations, Washington’s aim to destroy
Six Nations Reserve, Canada
sloth, giant ground (extinct)
small towns
Smithsonian museums
smog
sneezing
soap
socialism
social services, declining, in last decades
societies
old narratives vs. new scientific insights
unfair arrangements of, justified by Darwinism
Socrates
somatic cells
Southern California, youth culture
Spain
sparrows, coloration of related species of
species
archetypes of (Lamarck)
assumed to be fixed and immutable (Lamarck)
evolution of, without a purpose
extinction of
interaction of, four categories
new, from natural selection
number of, on Earth
protection of
split into daughter species that can’t interbreed
sports, reason for playing
squid
starch, digestion of
starlings
Star War movies
sterilization of “feeble minded”
stewardship. See environmental stewardship
stomach, ulcers and cancer of
stratigraphic record
“struggle for existence”
subprime mortgage bubble
suburban living
disillusionment with
success and failure, reasons for
successful people, own belief that they are totally self-made and deserve their success
sulfur
Sullivan, John
superbugs
Supreme Court, bad rulings of
“survival of the fittest”
sustainability
symbiosis
cell types as example of
vs. competition
of mammals and viruses
symbiotic bacteria
symbols
tambalacoque (dodo tree), near extinction of
T-cells (lymphocytes)
technology, clean
teleology
tetrapods
theology, on free will
Thomas Aquinas
thymus
timber wolf (threatened)
Tonegawa, Susumu
tonsillitis
toothpaste
Toxoplasma gondii (parasite of cats)
tractors
trade with Indians
neutrality in
trade routes in upstate New York
traits
of offspring, derived from parents
selectively neutral
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Tree of Peace Ceremony
trees
extinction of
species of
trilobites
Tschermak, Erich
tuberculosis
tubulin
Tully Limestone
tumor cells
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Tuscarora Indians
unemployment, rising, and homelessness
United States
disease in
ideology of
urban life
failure of
Urey, Harold
U.S. Steel
“us” vs. “them”
vaccination
variations
favorable, preserved
normal, mutations and
vectors
vegetarians
vertebrates
evolution of
immune system of
structure of
veterans, feelings toward
violence, vs. interdependence
viral load
viruses
are they alive?
in the human genome
jumping from species to species
method of attaching to cells
method of replicating and attacking new cells
number and size of
parasitize cells
replication of
role of, in relation to prokaryotes and eukaryotes
virus-host symbioses, beneficial
volcanoes
Wallace, Alfred Russel
war
casualties, in recent centuries
destructive cycle of
extermination as goal but rarely the outcome
inevitability of
intellectual justifications for
metaphorical (war on poverty, on drugs, etc.)
in other species
preventing
resulting in assimilation
scarce resources and
as unquestioned habitual behavior
unwinnability of
of “us” vs. “them”
Warren, Rick, The Purpose Driven Life
Washington, George
water, methane in
water trade routes, in upstate New York
weeds
Weisenberg, Catherine
Weismann, August
wells, drilling of
white blood cells
Whitehead, Alfred North
whooping cough
wilderness
caretaking of, by Native Americans
environmental stewardship of
living in the
unfinished nature of
Wilson, Woodrow
winner’s trophies
winning and losing
praise and blame for
Wisconsin
wolves
and mule deer
reintroduced in previous range
worldviews, traditional Western (exploitative) vs. modern (sustainability)
World War I, deaths
World War II
bombing destruction of
deaths
Wright, Sewall
Wyoming massacre
Yersinia pestis
yogurt, for digestive health
youth culture