Chapter 1
1 Letter of Morton Allport to Curzon Allport, March 1863. Allport Library & Museum of Fine Arts.
2 Definitive studies were carried out by Lars Werdelin and documented in his ‘Some Observations on Sarcophilus laniarius and the evolution of Sarcophilus’, Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, vol. 90, 1987.
3 Scott, Alan, pers. comm., 1 July 2004.
4 ibid.
5 Guiler, Eric, The Tasmanian Devil, Hobart, St David’s Park Publishing, 1992, p. 10.
6 The Mercury, 2 September 2003, p. 2.
7 Nowak, Ronald M., Walker’s Mammals of the World, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999, p. 64.
8 Nick Mooney email to David Pemberton, 8 November 2004.
9 Wilkie, A. A. W., as told to Osborn, A. R., ‘Tasmanian Devils[:]
Three Interesting Imps’, in Reminiscences From the Melbourne Zoo, Melbourne, Whitcombe & Tombs, 1917, pp. 58–9.
10 Taylor, James, comp., Zoo[:] Studies From Nature, Sydney, James Taylor, 1920, p. 107.
11 Lord, Clive, ‘Notes on the Mammals of Tasmania’, in Royal Society of Tasmania[:] Papers and Proceedings, 1918, Hobart, The Society, 1918, p. 45.
12 Lord, Clive, ‘Existing Tasmanian Marsupials’, in Royal Society of Tasmania[:] Papers and Proceedings, 1927, Hobart, The Society, 1927, p. 22.
13 The publication was The Children’s Newspaper and the story was reported in The Mercury, 17 February 1962, p. 9.
14 Farrand, John Jr. (ed.), The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of Animal Life, New York, Chanticleer Press, 1987 [Sixth Printing, 1988], p. 27. There is no author credit.
15 www.jonahcohen.com/jersey_devil. This website and many others are devoted to information about the State of New Jersey and its famous devil.
16 Lord, Clive, A Synopsis of the Vertebrate Animals of Tasmania, London, Oldham, Beddome & Meredith, 1924, p. [ii].
17 Cameron, Max, pers. comm., June 2004.
18 Fleay, David, ‘The Tasmanian or Marsupial Devil—Its Habits and Family Life’, The Australian Museum Magazine, vol. X, no. 9, 15 March 1952, p. 277–8.
19 Linnean Society of London, Transactions, vol. 9, 1808. ‘Description of two new Species of Didelphis from Van Diemen’s Land. By G. P. Harris, Esq. Communicated by the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. Pres. R. S., H. M. L. S. Read April 21, 1807’, reproduced in Letters of GP Harris 1803–1812, edited by Barbara Hamilton-Arnold, London, Arden Press, 1994, p. 90.
20 Fleay, David, op. cit., p. 279.
21 Wilkie, A. A. W., op. cit., pp. 58–9.
22 Grzimek, Bernhard, Australians[:] Adventures with Animals and Men in Australia, translated by J. Maxwell Brownjohn, London and Sydney, Collins, 1967, p. 278.
23 Fleay, op. cit., p. 278.
24 Guiler, op. cit., p. 18.
25 www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf, p.7, accessed 30 December 2003.
26 Grey, Lionel, pers. comm., 10 July 2004.
27 ABC Radio, PM, 2 December 2002. www.abc.net.au/pm, accessed 8 March 2004.
28 www.web.macam98.ac.il, accessed 10 March 2004.
29 Fleay, op. cit., p. 277.
Chapter 2
1 www.rokebyprimary.tased.edu.au/NAIDOC Aboriginal students at Rokeby Primary School in southern Tasmania, with their teacher Grant Williams, created this story in the tradition of Dreamtime legends as a way of discovering more about their Aboriginal history through stories. The story formed part of the School’s participation in NAIDOC (National Aboriginal Islander Day Observance Committee) Week 2003, a yearly celebration providing an opportunity for Australia’s Indigenous people to display their culture and heritage to the rest of the Australian community.
2 Long, John, Archer, Michael, Flannery, Timothy, and Hand, Suzanne, Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002, p. 32.
3 ibid., p. 55.
4 Australian Museum Online, accessed 4 January 2004. www.amonline.net.au/webinabox/fossils 5 Long et al., op. cit., p. 55.
6 www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/naracoorte, accessed 5 January 2004.
7 Wroe, Stephen, ‘The Myth of Reptilian Domination’, Nature Australia, Summer 2003–2004, p. 59.
8 Morrison, Reg, and Morrison, Maggie, The Voyage of the Great Southern Ark, Sydney, Lansdowne Press, 1988, p. 292.
9 Tasmanian evidence is instructive here. La Trobe University academic Dr Richard Cosgrove, a specialist in late Pleistocene archaeology, examined over 48 000 bones from middens and cultural sites across southwest Tasmania. They were overwhelmingly made up of Bennett’s wallaby and wombat, the major Aboriginal food items for over 20 000 years. Just fourteen devil bones were found. That rules out any notion of overkill and instead emphasises good harvesting management. Cosgrove’s work also found no evidence of human predation on megafauna, suggesting that they were extinct before human arrival at the southeast tip of the Australian continent and therefore succumbed to something other than overkill.
10 Based on analysis of a limestone hammer by Charles Dortch, Curator of Archaeology at the Western Australian Museum, using enhanced radiocarbon dating and optically stimulated luminescence methods.
11 Gill, Edmund D., ‘The Australian Aborigines and the Tasmanian Devil’, Mankind, 8 (1971), p. 59.
12 Noetling, Fritz, ‘The Food of the Tasmanian Aborigines’, Papers & Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1910, p. 281.
13 Flood, Josephine, Archaeology of the Dreamtime, Sydney, Collins, 1983, p. 62.
Chapter 3
1 Jones, Menna, ‘Convergence in Ecomorphology and Guild Structure among Marsupial and Placental Carnivores’, in Jones, Menna, Dickman, Chris and Archer, Mike (eds), Predators with Pouches: The Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials, Collingwood, Vic, CSIRO, 2003, p. 290. She cautions, however, that the success rate of such attacks is unknown.
2 ibid.
3 ibid.
4 Ewer, R. F., The Carnivores, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973, p. 76.
5 Lord, Clive, ‘Existing Tasmanian Marsupials’, op. cit., 1927, p. 22.
6 www.wolverinefoundation.org, accessed 30 January 2005.
7 ibid.
8 ibid.
9 ibid.
10 www.napak.com/honey_badger, accessed 31 January 2005.
11 www.awf.org/wildlives/183, accessed 30 January 2005.
12 ibid.
13 ibid.
14 ibid.
15 Eisenberg, J.F., The Mammalian Radiations, Chicago, Ill., University of Chicago Press, 1981.
16 Menna Jones interview with David Owen, 1 October 2004.
17 ibid.
18 Strahan, Ronald (ed.), The Mammals of Australia, rev. edn, Chats-wood, Reed Books, 1995, p. 60.
Chapter 4
1 www.abc.net.au/science/scribblygum, accessed 30 December 2003.
2 Fleay, David, ‘The Tasmanian or Marsupial Devil—Its Habits and Family Life’, op. cit., pp. 279–80.
3 Gilbert, Bill, In God’s Countries, Omaha, University of Nebraska Press, 1984, p. 8. Gilbert earned considerable respect as a popular conservation and natural history writer and he travelled to Tasmania specifically to write the eighteen-page chapter on devils which appears in this book. He spoke to a number of people who could readily claim to know much about the devil.
4 Pemberton, David, ‘Social Organisation and Behaviour of the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii’, thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Science Faculty, Zoology Department, Hobart, University of Tasmania, July 1990, p. 123. A total of 3788 traps were set in ten sessions for individual devil identification, trapping 328 males and 353 females, 554 and 515 times respectively. Most devils became trap-shy but a few were caught many times. In respect of feeding, wallaby and wombat carcasses ‘were placed in a paddock approximately fifteen metres from the edge of the tea-tree scrub running along a creek in the south of the study area. A hide was positioned fifteen metres from the carcass. The carcasses were always c. twenty kilograms in weight and were tied with thin wire to a stake embedded in the ground to prevent animals dragging them away. Lights were set up on the left and right hand side of the carcass to reduce the amount of light shining directly at the observer or the animals which usually approached the carcass from the bush edge . . . No animals left the carcass site when lights were switched on, and soon after intense interactions began there were animals moving within the white light, around the hide, and through the hide under the observer’s chair’ (p. 111).
5 ibid., p. 117. The ‘yip’ was identified subsequent to the completion of the thesis. Thylacines also had a ‘yip’ call.
6 ibid., p. 164.
Chapter 5
1 Harris, George Prideaux, ‘Description of two new Species of Didelphis from Van Diemen’s Land. By G. P. Harris, Esq. Communicated by the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. Pres. R. S., H. M. L. S. Read April 21, 1807’, in Linnean Society of London, Transactions, vol 9, 1808. X1, reproduced in Letters of GP Harris 1803–1812, edited by Barbara Hamilton-Arnold, London, Arden Press, 1994, p. 90.
2 Gould, John, Mammals of Australia, 1863, quoted in Joan M. Dixon (ed.), The Best of Gould’s Mammals, Sydney, Macmillan, (rev. edn) 1984, p. 44.
3 Meredith, Louisa Anne, Tasmanian Friends and Foes: Feathered, Furred and Finned; A Family Chronicle of Country Life, Natural History, and Veritable Adventure, Hobart, J. Walch & Sons, 1880, pp. 63–5.
4 The island’s Indigenous people were subject to near-genocide. Within 30 years of white settlement the nine tribes had been decimated through armed conflict, introduced diseases and dispersion. Billy was William Lanne, the last full-blood Aboriginal male, whose body was mutilated after death as part of a grisly conflict for possession between Tasmania’s Royal Society and the Royal College of Surgeons in England. Truganini became celebrated as the last full-blood Tasmanian Aborigine. She died in 1876 and her skeleton was displayed in the Tasmanian Museum for many years, then kept hidden there. The Museum returned it to the Aboriginal community in 1976 and she was finally laid to rest in a ceremony on the waters of the D’Entrecasteaux Channel. Enlightened though she was in her time, Mary Roberts’ casual use of these names is a sure indicator that notions of romantic savages still beat strongly in the Empire’s bosom.
5 Roberts, Mary G., ‘The Keeping and Breeding of Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)’, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1915, pp. 1–7.
6 ibid.
7 ibid.
8 Flynn, T. T., ‘Contributions to a Knowledge of the Anatomy and Development of the Marsupiala [:] No. I. The Genitalia of Sarcophilus satanicus’, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol. xxxv, Part 4, 30 November 1910. [Issued 1 March 1911], p. 873.
9 ibid.
10 ibid., p. 874.
11 Guiler, Eric, ‘The Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart’, Tasmanian Historical Research Association Papers and Proceedings, vol. 33, no. 4, December 1986, p. 128.
12 Lord, Clive, ‘Existing Tasmanian Marsupials’, Royal Society of Tasmania Papers & Proceedings, Hobart, 1927, p. 22.
13 ibid., p. 24.
Chapter 6
1 Brogden, Stanley, Tasmanian Journey, Melbourne, Morris & Walker for Pioneer Tours, 1948, p. 79.
2 Guiler, Eric, The Enthusiastic Amateurs: The Animals and Birds Protection Board 1929–1971, Sandy Bay, E. R. Guiler, 1999, p. 73.
3 The published results are in Guiler, E. R., ‘Observations on the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii (Dasyuridae: Marsupiala) at Granville Harbour, 1966–75’, Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, vol. 112, 1978, Hobart, The Society, 1978, pp. 161–88. See also Guiler, E. R. and Heddle, R. W. L., ‘Observations on the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii (Dasyuridae: Marsupiala). 1. Numbers, home range, movements and food in two populations’, Australian Journal of Zoology, 18(1), 1970, pp. 49–62.
4 Australian Wild Life: Journal of the Wild Life Preservation Society, vol. 3, no. 3, March 1958, Sydney, The Society, 1958, p. 14.
5 ibid.
6 Australian Wild Life, op. cit., vol. 4, no. 2, 1962, pp. 30–2.
7 Australian Outdoors, November 1961, Sydney, The Society, p. 36.
8 ibid., p. 37.
9 Bauer, Jack, ‘Protection That Doesn’t Protect’, Australian Outdoors, November 1961, Sydney, The Society, pp. 36–41.
Chapter 7
1 Guiler, E. R., ‘Observations on the Tasmanian Devil’, p. 169.
2 ibid., p. 177.
3 ibid., p. 183.
4 The Mercury, 9 August 1966, p. 6. The area covered a ‘fifty-mile radius’ from Tooms Lake in the east to Interlaken across the Western Tiers, and south to Swansea.
5 The Mercury, 15 January 1972, p. 4.
6 The Mercury, 1 July 1972, p. 3.
7 Guiler, Eric, ‘Tasmanian Devils and Agriculture’, Tasmanian Journal of Agriculture, May 1970, p. 137.
8 Launceston Examiner, 28 January 1987, p. 3.
9 Tasmanian Country, 26 June 1987, p. 2.
10 The Mercury, 6 August 1975, p. 14.
11 ‘Tasmania. Ministerial News Release No. 1521, October 27, 1984.’
12 The Mercury, 2 February 1988, p. 1.
13 The Mercury, 16 October 1985, p. 1. Pam Clarke went on to become a leading world campaigner against the practice of battery hen egg production, for which she has an impressively long record of arrests and court appearances. In the leadup to the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games she gained considerable publicity for her campaign by saying that its official logo looked like ‘a sad chook’.
14 The Mercury, 17 October 1985, pp. 1–2. The B.Sc. (Hons) thesis in question: ‘The Cranial Anatomy and Thermoregulatory Physiology of the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii (Marsupiala: Dasyuridae)’, 1984, by Syed K. H. Shah, University of Tasmania, Hobart.
15 The Mercury, 7 July 1988, p. 1.
16 The Sunday Tasmanian, 23 July 1988, p. 5.
17 Mooney, Nick, ‘The Devil you know’, Leatherwood: Tasmania’s Journal of Discovery, vol. 1, no. 3, Winter 1992, Hobart, Allan Moult, 1992, pp. 54–61.
Chapter 8
1 Virgis, Toren, interview with David Owen, 6 September 2004.
2 ibid.
3 ibid.
4 ibid.
5 Anderson, Angela, interview with David Owen, 24 January 2004.
6 www.kidszoo.com, accessed 10 April 2004.
7 The interview was conducted between 7 and 9 April in 2004.
8 Email dated 19 May 2004.
Chapter 9
1 Flynn, Errol, My Wicked, Wicked Ways, Cutchogue, New York, Buccaneer Books, 1976. Typical of the larrikin style of the book, Errol also refers to his father as ‘just a tall hunk of scholarship’ (p. 19).
2 Flynn, T. T., ‘Contributions to a Knowledge of the Anatomy and Development of the Marsupiala [:] No. I. The Genitalia of Sarcophilus Satanicus’, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, vol. xxxv, Part 4, 30 November 1910. [Issued 1 March 1911], p. 873.
3 Norman, Don, Errol Flynn: The Tasmanian Story, Hobart, W. N. Hurst & E. L. Metcalf, 1981, p. 4.
4 Flynn, Errol, op. cit., p. 24.
5 ibid., p. 104.
6 Jack Warner, quoted in Hollywood Be Thy Name: The Warner Brothers Story, by Cass Warner Sperling, Rocklin, CA, Prima, 1994, p. 195.
7 Flynn, Errol, op. cit., p. 168.
8 Warner, op. cit., p. xi.
9 ibid., p. 7 and p. 343.
10 Jones’ inspiration for the coyote—a scavenging carnivore—came from an earlier creative interpretation: ‘I first became interested in the Coyote while devouring Mark Twain’s Roughing It at the age of seven. I had heard of the coyote only in passing references from passing adults and thought of it—if I thought of it at all—as a sort of dissolute collie. As it turned out, that’s just about what a coyote is, and no one saw it more clearly than Mark Twain[:] “The coyote is a long, slim, sick and sorry-looking skeleton, with a gray wolf-skin stretched over it, a tolerably bushy tail that forever sags down with a despairing expression of forsakenness and misery, a furtive and evil eye, and a long, sharp face, with slightly lifted lip and exposed teeth. He has a general slinking expression all over. The coyote is a living, breathing allegory of Want. He is always hungry. He is always poor, out of luck and friendless . . . He does not mind going a hundred miles to breakfast, and a hundred and fifty to dinner, because he is sure to have three or four days between meals . . .”’ Jones, Chuck, Chuck Amuck: the Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist, New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1989, pp. 34–5. (Twain visited the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery in 1897. He seemed to have difficulty identifying a Tasmanian devil and oddly referred to a highly predatory Tasmanian sheep-killing parrot that feasted only on its victims’ kidney fat. He presumably meant the Kea, a scavenging carniverous parrot found only in New Zealand.)
11 Sandler, Kevin S. (ed.), Reading the Rabbit: Explorations in Warner Bros. Animation, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1998, p. 7.
12 Jones, op. cit., p. 109.
13 Beck, Jerry and Friedwald, Will, Warner Bros. Animation Art: the Characters, the Creators, the Limited Editions, Westport, CT, Hugh Lauter Levin Associates Inc/WB Worldwide Publishing, 1997, pp. 74–5.
14 ibid., pp. 129–30.
15 www.errolflynn.net/Filmography, accessed 30 December 2003.
16 Bevilacqua, Simon, Sunday Tasmanian, 10 May 1998, p. 7.
17 Taz looks not unlike a very young devil, which has a disproportionately big head and tucked-in, obscure limbs.
18 Lenburg, Jeff, The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons, 2nd edn, New York, Facts on File, 1999, p. 142.
19 Grant, John, Masters of Animation, London, BT Batsford, p. 154.
20 Jones, op. cit., pp. 92, 93.
Chapter 10
1 McCorry, Kevin, http://looney.toonzone.net/articles/tazarticle.html, accessed 14 June 2004.
2 Sandler, Kevin S. (ed.), Reading the Rabbit: Explorations in Warner
Bros. Animation, New Brunswick NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1998, p. 177.
3 Bevilacqua, Simon, Sunday Tasmanian, 28 September 1997.
4 ibid., p. 6.
5 ibid., p. 7.
6 ibid., pp. 1, 6.
7 ibid., p. 6.
8 ibid., p. 6.
9 Sunday Tasmanian, 5 October 1997, p. 3.
10 ibid., pp. 14, 15, 45.
11 Hansard, 15 October 1997. Hobart, Parliament of Tasmania, October 1997.
12 Sunday Tasmanian, 10 May 1998, p. 3.
13 Hansard, 15 October 1997.
Chapter 11
1 Meredith, Louisa Anne, My Home in Tasmania, During a Residency of Nine Years, London, John Murray, 1852, p. 106.
2 Gould, John, Mammals of Australia, 1863, quoted in Joan M. Dixon (ed.), The Best of Gould’s Mammals, Sydney, Macmillan, (rev. edn) 1984, p. 44.
3 The Mercury, November 1910, p. 64.
4 Guiler, Eric R., ‘The Former Distribution and Decline of the Thylacine’, in The Australian Journal of Science, vol. 23, no. 7, 21 January 1961, p. 209.
5 Lord, Clive, ‘Notes on the Mammals of Tasmania’, op. cit., p. 45.
6 Lord, Clive, ‘Existing Tasmanian Marsupials’, op. cit., p. 22.
7 Lord, Clive E. and Scott, Herbert Hedley, A Synopsis of the Vertebrate Animals of Tasmania, [London], Oldham, Hobart, Beddome & Meredith, 1924, p. 267.
8 Flynn, T. T., ‘Report of Ralston Professor of Biology for the Year ending June 30th 1919’, p. 4. University of Tasmania, Morris Miller Library Special and Rare Collections.
9 Willoughby, Howard, Australian Pictures Drawn With Pen and Pencil, London, The Religious Tract Society, 1886, p. 182.
10 Brown, Bob, ‘Interview with Mr Lewis Stevenson, 69 Guy Street, Launceston’, 1 December 1972, Collection Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery.
11 The Mercury, 3 November 1910, p. 64.
12 Kelly, Androo, The Mercury, 1 September 2003, p. 11.
13 A more scientific definition of a retrovirus: ‘Viral insertion into host cell DNA can cause considerable disruption to the genome, and viral promoters can drive the transcription of cellular genes that may otherwise be inactive. A consequence of this lifecycle is the ability to trigger neoplasia [tumours] through insertional mutation or proto-oncogene [cancer-causing] activation. Some retroviruses, through faulty transcription, have also captured cellular oncogenes within their genomes and these oncogenes, when inserted into a new cell, may cause neoplastic transformation. Viral proteins of some retroviruses are also known to have immunosuppressive properties, although the precise mechanisms of immunosuppression are less well understood.’ Hanger, Jon, McKee, Jeff, Tarlington, Rachael and Yates, Amanda, ‘Cancer and Haematological Disease in Koalas: a Clinical and Virological Update’, p. 8. Paper presented at the Devil Facial Tumour Disease Workshop, Sir Raymond Ferrall Centre, University of Tasmania, Newnham, 14 October 2003.
14 The Mercury, 2 September 2003, p. 5.
15 ‘Research into the Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD)[:] Progress Report’, Tasmania, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment (DPIWE), January 2005, p. 5.
16 The Mercury, 2 September 2003, p. 16.
17 The Mercury, 9 September 2003, p. 14.
18 Sunday Tasmanian, 3 October 2004, pp. 1, 8.
19 ‘Research into the Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD)[:] Progress Report’, op. cit., p. 27.
20 Loh, Dr Richmond, ‘Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) Facial Tumour (DFT)’, paper prepared for the 14 October 2003 workshop, p. 2.
21 DPIWE general manager Alex Schaap, quoted in The Mercury, 29 October 2003, p. 2.
22 Hansard, Parliament of Tasmania, 29 October 2003.
23 Tweety, the cute little baby-talking yellow canary, and Sylvester, the ugly big lisping black-and-white cat, first came together in 1947. Director Friz Freling ‘knew he had just united the Warner studio’s own dream team. From that point on, it was Bird vs. Cat in an almost uncountable number of episodes, a struggle that carried them across six decades and the farthest corners of the globe. And it was always Sylvester’s own deviousness and bad luck that did in him, while Tweety’s childlike innocence (and brutal sense of self-preservation) kept him out of the cat’s stomach.’ Beck, Jerry and Friedwald, Will, Warner Bros. Animation Art: the Characters, the Creators, the Limited Editions, Westport, CT, Hugh Lauter Levin Associates Inc/WB Worldwide Publishing, 1997, pp. 115–6.
24 The Mercury, 13 April 2004, pp. 1–2.
25 The specialists: Menna Jones (evolutionary ecology and conservation of marsupial carnivores); Heather Hesterman (wildlife and captive breeding programs); Clare Hawkins (carnivorous mammals, Madagascan fossa ecology); Jason Wiersma (predatory birds, critical habitat surveys, Fox Taskforce, developer of the infra-red camera); Billie Lazenby (habitat assessments, small mammal ecology, Fox Taskforce, compiler of hair atlas of Tasmanian wildlife); Stephen Pyecroft (veterinary pathologist, Mount Pleasant group leader); Richmond Loh (veterinary pathologist, Murdoch University); Robyn Sharpe (veterinary pathologist); Nolan Fox (DNA repair mechanism related to human tumours); Ann Maree Pearce (genetics, dasyurids and cytogenetics).
26 Pemberton, David, ‘Devil Facial Tumour: Tasmanian Devil Survey, Table Mountain, Bothwell, January 2004’, p. 4. [unpublished field notes]
27 Scammell, Dr Marcus, ‘Environmental Problems [in] Georges Bay, Tasmania. Collated by Dr Marcus Scammell from information gathered, in particular, between February 2004 to June 2004’, http://www.tfic.com.au/scammell_report_07.04.htm, accessed 11 September 2004.
28 Jim Bacon, quoted in The Mercury, 3 September 2003, p. 3.