Abbreviations

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
BWIs Bretton Woods Institutions
CEM Country Economic Memorandum
CEPAL Comision Economica para America Latina (or ECLA)
ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America (or CEPAL)
EFF Extended Fund Facilities
ESAF Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEF Global Environment Facility
GNP Gross National Product
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFIs International Financial Institutions
ILO International Labour Organisation
IMF International Monetary Fund
ISI Import Substitution Industrialisation
MAI Multilateral Agreement on Investments
MOSOP Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
NACLA North American Congress on Latin America
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NEAPs National Environmental Action Plans
NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations
NICs Newly Industrialised Countries
OAU Organisation of African Unity
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
PAIT Programme of Support and Temporary Income
PAMSCAD   Programme of Action to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjust ment
PNDC Provisional National Defence Council
RCT Rational Choice Theory
SAF Structural Adjustment Facility
SALs Structural Adjustment Loans
SBAs Stand-by Arrangements
SAPs Structural Adjustment Programmes
SDA Social Dimensions of Adjustment
SDRs Special Drawing Rights
TNCs Trans-national Corporations
UN United Nations
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
WTO World Trade Organisation