Abortion, 7, 199, 211, 302–303, 310–311n. 16
L’affaire du foulard, 3, 178, 232
Aquinas, Thomas, 285
Arendt, Hannah, 194n. 29
and care for the soul, 85, 92, 290, 396
on compelling belief through fear, 62, 68, 96, 285
and dialectics of Christian toleration, 8, 81–85
and doctrine of benevolent force, 83–84
and freedom of conscience, 82, 88, 284
on just and unjust persecution, 56, 59
Autonomy: individual, 9, 12, 14, 57, 82, 177, 179, 185, 307, 320, 321, 365, 428–429
on right to association and exit, 343–345
on rule and exemption approach, 338
Bayle, Pierre, 16, 18, 59, 78, 85, 175
on acceptance and rejection, 79
Bayle’s paradox, 94
and erroneous conscience, 99–100
on limits of toleration, 102
and mutual respect among equals, 17
on natural light of reason, 97–99, 286
on reasonable disagreement, 102, 287
on tolerance of atheism, 93–95, 103
on toleration of religious diversity, 56
Bennett, Jonathan, 63
Berlin, Isaiah, on Mill, 145–146, 148, 150, 159
Bou-Habib, Paul, 132
Boxel, Hugo, 65
Castellio, Sebastian, 95
Civilization: and barbarism, 410–417, 420, 433
and “clash of civilizations” thesis, 2, 244, 265–266, 279n. 74, 291, 410–412, 431
and western orthodoxy, 244, 245, 246, 266, 283, 291
Edict of Nantes (1598), 54, 80, 81, 85
Equality, 1, 18, 177, 196, 199–201, 203, 206, 258, 268, 317, 331, 345, 350, 361, 371, 383–384, 414, 423–425
ascendant value of, 211–212
of cultures, 209
freedom and, 320–324, 341, 343
German jurisprudence of, 267
historical demands for, 363
liberty and, 182
Locke on, 130
Mill on, 161
mutuality and, 363
neutrality and, 261, 263, 264, 267, 297–298
of political power, 222
and recognition, 204
of respect, 382
ultraliberal ideal of, 258, 259
for women, 344. See also Liberalism
Female genital mutilation, 187, 210, 345, 368, 420
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 101
First Amendment, 1, 245, 264, 267, 394
Fourteenth Amendment, 264
Freedom: of conscience, 81, 82, 84, 100, 104, 178, 284, 290, 396–397
Fukuyama, Francis, 429
Fundamentalism, 407, 413, 417, 419, 433
market attenuation of, 430
religious, 4
terrorism and, 433
Gardner, Peter, 207
Gender: equality, 421
heterosexual toleration, 368, 383, 415–417
and homosexuality, 205, 301, 302, 303, 304, 349
and homosexual marriage, 288
Gray, John, 177
Habermas, Jürgen, 254, 271n. 6, 338, 370
Hegel, 222
Hobbes, Thomas, 104, 222, 330, 347, 430
and civil religion, 34
and criteria of well-being, 347
and dangers of religious disagreement, 31–32
and freedom of belief, 328
and “public worship” of God, 19, 32–48
Identity, 9, 13, 71, 203, 204–205, 288, 290, 315, 324, 328, 329, 331, 352, 370, 414, 434
of barbarism, 409
as bargaining chip, 362
Christian, 326
and citizenship, 326
communal, 179
of Islam, 407
public, 5
religious/ethnic, 416
unmarked-because-hegemonic, 416
of Western women, 419
Identity politics, 203
Ignatieff, Michael, and individualism, 414–415, 429–431
Imperialism: and liberalism, 425, 431–435
Mill’s, 161
Infibulation. See Female genital mutilation
Islam, 2, 3, 4, 15, 149, 163, 266, 270, 296, 327, 334–337, 373, 413, 414
Christian toleration of, 173
doctrine of toleration, 14
identity of, 407
and veiling, 178, 232, 345, 418
Jurieu, Pierre, 96
and categorical imperative, 121, 129
and the concept of toleration, use of, 180–181
and public reason, 181
Koerbagh, Adrian, 57
Kukathas, Chandran, 341–343, 345
Kymlicka, Will, 341
L’Hôpital, Michel de, 326
Liberalism: and domination of women, 425–428
Fukuyama on, 429
and impoverishment of political discourse, 262–269, 289
and impoverishment of the soul, 261–262, 269, 288
and market attenuation of difference, 430
as masculine, 323–326
and neutrality, 175–179, 197, 220–224, 229–233, 243–244, 259, 263, 267–270, 304
in opposition to fundamentalism, 417, 419–423
and reiteration problem, 366–367, 368, 370, 381–383
and right of association and exit, 343
separation of church and state, 1, 6, 176, 197
stability of, 296–297
supremacy of, 414–415, 417. See also Ultraliberalism
Lipsius, Justus, 282
on tolerance and political stability, 56
Locke, John, 1, 57, 78, 174, 175, 252, 268, 282, 284, 328, 330, 370, 401
and atheism, 92
on authentic faith, 85–93
and care of the soul, 85–87, 95
and consent, 134
on dangers of religious disagreement, 31, 32, 43
on freedom of conscience, 81, 88, 93, 396–397
and general duty of toleration, 91
on mutual respect, 90
on secular law, 328
on toleration of Catholics, 91
on toleration of religious diversity, 56, 73
and true belief argument, 114, 115, 116–119, 120, 132, 135
and unilateral toleration, 20, 22
and universalization argument, 114–116, 119–131
Luther, Martin, 86
Malebranche, Nicolas, 93
Martinich, A. P., 44
Mendus, Susan, on Locke, 132
Mill, John Stuart, 1, 175, 176, 249, 282, 303, 306
advocacy of imperialism, 161–162
alleged intolerance, 158–164
critique of Bentham, 141, 142, 144
Berlin’s critique of, 145–146, 150, 153, 159, 160–161
on civilization, 161–162
on civilizing education, 157, 412–414
conception of liberty, 145–154
harm principle, 18, 139, 147–149
historical-developmental continuum, 143–145, 151, 159–161
on improvement of moral character, 18
on justified coercion, 147
on liberal progress, 140–141, 423
on limits of toleration, 147, 154
on mode of toleration, 155–158
on “national character,” 141–145
political liberal critique of, 160–161
radical pluralist critique of, 161–164
and reasonable disagreement, 140
sociological theory of, 141–145, 152–155, 161, 423
and security, 140, 150–154, 157, 160, 161
and utilitarianism, 226
Mohanty, Chandra, 419
Montaigne, Michel de, 282, 328
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat Baron de, 92, 222, 430
Multiculturalism, 12–13, 410, 430, 431
Okin’s critique of, 420, 421–429, 439n. 35
Nagel, Thomas, 265, 268, 318–319, 354n. 7, 366–367, 381
on devout religious belief, 318–320
Native Americans, 10
and peyote ceremony, 223
Nestle, Joan, 208
Northern Ireland, 295, 365, 383–385
and violence, 385
Nozick, Robert, 364
Obiora, Leslye, on female circumcision, 210–211
Okin, Susan, 431
on multiculturalism, 420–429, 439n. 35
Oldenburg, Henry, 65
O’Neill, Onara, 180–182
Phillips, Anne, 205–206
Pornography, 231, 334–336, 368
Proast, Jonas, 78–79
and care for the soul, 89
critique of John Locke, 15, 16, 81, 90–91, 104, 115, 116–118, 120–128, 131, 132, 284, 396
on use of force, 88, 116, 120, 135, 285
Rawls, John, 96, 99, 105, 113n. 112, 175, 177, 178, 183, 192n. 10, 268, 303, 306, 377, 378
equal right to belief, 397–398
and modus vivendi, 324–325, 397–400, 401, 402
and public arguments, 11
on reasonable disagreement, 101–102, 180, 286, 287
on reasonable moral doctrines, 180
and religious freedom, 18
and respect for autonomy, 12, 179
Reason, natural light of, 60, 96, 100
Bayle on, 285–286
and “overlapping consensus,” 177, 266, 377–378
and reasonable arguments, 320
and reasonable dis/agreement, 102, 105, 375, 382
Relativism, 162, 302, 380, 410
Religious belief, 230, 301, 244–245
as basis for toleration, 282, 290
distinction between knowledge and, 308–309, 285
diversity of, 56
as human right, 6
and liberalism, 319–320
and natural law, 62, 72–74, 51n. 28, 119, 122–129, 137n. 21
opposed to liberal commitments, 290
Respect, 57
equal, 257, 258, 267, 320, 321
mutual, 90, 100, 105, 256, 270, 290, 352n. 1, 374
and politics of recognition, 176, 201, 209–210, 365, 386
Rights, 176
Christian origins of, 267
human, 183, 266, 267, 406, 407, 410
natural, 58–61
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 92
Rushdie, Salman, Satanic Verses, 334–337
Scanlon, T. M., 202, 207, 377, 378
Scepticism, 117, 176, 178, 250–251
Seneca, 95
on compulsion and persuasion, 16, 67–72, 74
critique of Descartes, 62–63
on democracy, 58
on emotions, 72
on fear, 69
on freedom and necessity, 64–67, 71
on natural right and sovereign power, 58–61, 67, 71, 74
rejection of Kantian autonomy, 73, 77n. 29
on the will and mind-body relations, 61–64
Stephens, James Fitzjames, 146
Taylor, Charles: politics of recognition, 204–205, 209–210
on protecting cultures from assimilation, 337
Toleration: and l’affaire du foulard, 3, 178
approaches to, 225–228
Bodin on, 328
as bourgeois capitalist virtue, 429
Buddhist, 14
Christian foundations of, 81–85, 173–176, 325
coexistence conception, 80
as colonial gesture, 427–428
common grounds for, 225–227, 228
and Confucianism, 14
conventional view of, 316
and Danish cartoons, 3
degrees of, 246
dualistic approach to, 281
elements of, 244–247
engaged version, 9, 196, 198, 206–212
esteem conception, 80–81
expedience of, 397
as forbearance, 9, 196, 198, 201–204, 207, 212, 256, 301–306, 316, 361, 408
grudging, 207
and hegemony, 337–340
historical and philosophical approaches to, 171–172
humility and, 209–210
of illiberal minorities, 340–345
and impossibility of neutral justification, 8–9
as indifference, 17, 18, 156, 176, 249–250
instrumental justifications of, 24
Islamic, 14
limits of, 13, 139, 140, 147, 154, 376
as meta-toleration, 228–232
mode of, 155–158
as modus vivendi, 177, 303, 306, 324–325, 394, 398–399, 402, 434
monistic position on, 281–282
as a moral concept, 172
moral-philosophical view, 224–225, 228, 23
as moral principle, 394, 396–400
moral psychology of, 5, 12, 14
and mutuality, 22–23, 315–352, 361–371, 374–378, 381, 384
as mutual respect, 90, 100, 105
neutrality and, 282, 300, 306–307, 317, 339
of non-liberal religious views, 305
as objection, acceptance, and rejection, 79, 283
in opposition to illiberalism, 247–256, 284
of oppressive cultures, 13
origins in religion and royal grace, 173–174
permission conception of, 79–80
pluralism and, 224–229
reflexive theory of, 105
respect conception of, 80
skeptical position, 281, 282, 285–286
social costs of, 182
as a supererogatory attitude, 172, 183, 185–189, 197
and “will to relationship,” 316, 321–332, 362–367
Toleration Act (1689), 284, 329, 370, 383, 393–396, 438n. 28
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 152, 153, 222
Ultraliberalism, 246–247, 257, 261, 263, 264, 267–270, 284, 288, 290, 293–298, 306, 307
van Gogh, Theo, 3
Vernon, Richard, on Locke, 134
civil unrest and, 83
intolerance and, 352
and IRA, 385
Islamicist, 413
legitimizing of, 434
as means of dealing with uncivilized, 409
and non-violence 225, 226
post-colonial, 435
public, 151
rise in, 411
threat of, 72
Walzer, Michael, 177
Williams, Bernard, 175, 177, 430–431
Wolff, Jonathan, 207
Wootton, David, 133
Zagorin, Perez, 325