APPENDIX A

The Personality Facets in Detail

N1: ANXIETY

Very High	Very high scorers are extremely nervous, anxious, tense, and jittery. They are excessively apprehensive and prone to worry, they feel uncertain, and their decisions and actions are often influenced by efforts to avoid danger.
High	High scorers are individuals who are at times apprehensive and fearful. Under stress they especially feel anxious.
Low	Low scorers are calm and relaxed, and they do not dwell on things that could go wrong.
Very Low	Very low scorers lack significant or appropriate feelings of anxiety or apprehension when these feelings are warranted. They fail to expect, anticipate, or appreciate normal, obvious, or readily apparent dangers, risks, threats, or consequences.

N2: ANGRY HOSTILITY

Very High	Very high scorers have episodes of intense and dyscontrolled rage and fury. They are hypersensitive and touchy, easily reacting with anger and hostility toward even minor events, annoyances, or criticisms.
High	High scorers’ tendency is to experience anger and related emotional states, such as frustration and bitterness, under stress.
Low	Low scorers are easygoing and not prone to anger easily.
Very Low	Very low scorers suppress appropriate feelings of anger and hostility. They do not even become annoyed or angry when confronted or provoked with substantial abuse, exploitation, harm, or victimization, often to their own detriment.

N3: DEPRESSION

Very High	These people are continually gloomy and depressed, and they feel hopeless. They feel lonely and lack social support. They tend to have thoughts of feeling worthless, helpless, and excessively guilty. They complain a lot and are self-punitive. They lack satisfaction or meaning in their lives. They may at times feel suicidal.
High	During stressful times, these people are prone to feelings of guilt, sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. They are easily discouraged and feel dejected during difficult times.
Low	Low scorers are resistant to low moods and feelings of hopelessness under stress.
Very Low	Very low scores indicate a propensity to fail in appreciating actual costs and consequences of losses, setbacks, and failures. They have difficulty in soliciting or maintaining support and sympathy from others after they sustain a loss.

N4: SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS

Very High	Very high scorers are prone to intense feelings of chagrin and embarrassment. They feel mortified, humiliated, ashamed, or disgraced if they make even a small error or omission in the presence of others. Consequently, they avoid social situations and develop poor social skills. They can develop distorted body images, and in severe cases, can feel like imposters, not like their true selves.
High	High scorers are uncomfortable around others, sensitive to ridicule, and prone to feelings of inferiority.
Low	Low scorers are less disturbed by awkward social situations.
Very Low	Very low scorers are indifferent to opinions or reactions of others. They often commit social blunders, insults, or indiscretions because of this indifference. They lack feelings of shame, even for socially egregious acts. They appear glib and superficial.

N5: IMPULSIVENESS

Very High	These people eat or drink to excess and are usually troubled by debts secondary to overspending. They are susceptible to cons, tricks, and poor business and financial decisions. They can rashly engage in a variety of harmful acts, such as binge eating, overuse of drugs, and alcohol or gambling. They are at risk to forms of self-mutilation or even suicide.
High	High scorers have difficulty controlling their cravings and urges, although they may later regret the behavior.
Low	Low scorers find it easier to resist temptations and have a higher tolerance for frustration (not getting what they want).
Very Low	Very low scorers are excessively restrained or restricted. Their lives are dull and uninteresting. They lack spontaneity.

N6: VULNERABILITY

Very High	Very high scorers are overwhelmed by minor stress, and as such, they respond even to minor stressors with panic, helplessness, and dismay.
High	High scorers at times feel unable to cope with stress, frequently becoming dependent, hopeless, or panicked when facing emergency situations.
Low	Low scorers perceive themselves as capable of handling themselves in difficult situations.
Very Low	Very low scorers feel unrealistically invulnerable or invincible to danger. They fail to recognize their own limitations. They fail to take appropriate precautions or obtain necessary support or assistance. They fail to recognize or appreciate signs of illness, failure, or loss.

E1: WARMTH

Very High	Very high scorers develop inappropriate, problematic, or harmful attachments to others. They develop excessive feelings of affection in situations in which formal, neutral, or objective feelings are necessary or preferable. They can be intrusive on others’ emotions. They can be sexually seductive or provocative. They are prone to excessive self-disclosure.
High	These people are affectionate and friendly, and they easily form close attachments with others.
Low	Low scorers are reserved, formal, and distant in manner and hence do not easily form new friendships or attachments.
Very Low	These people have severe difficulty developing or sustaining personal, intimate relationships. They are detached, lack personal interest in others, and are indifferent to others’ feelings. They have difficulty expressing their own feelings.

E2: GREGARIOUSNESS

Very High	Very high scorers are unable to tolerate being alone, as they have an excessive need for the presence of others. They place more emphasis on the quantity of relationships (or the need for developing new relationships), rather than on the depth and quality of existing relationships.
High	High scorers enjoy the company of others; the more, the merrier.
Low	Low scorers tend to be loners who do not seek social stimulation.
Very Low	These people are socially isolated. They have no apparent social network, due to social withdrawal.

E3: ASSERTIVENESS

Very High	High scorers are domineering, pushy, bossy, dictatorial, or authoritarian. They always give them, but they refuse to take instructions themselves.
High	High scorers are dominant, forceful, and socially ascendant. They speak without hesitation and often become group leaders.
Low	Low scorers tend to stay in the background and let others do the talking.
Very Low	These people are resigned and ineffectual. They have little influence or authority at work. Also, they have little say in the decisions that affect their own personal lives. They have difficulty expressing wishes and limit-setting with others. They are excessively passive.

E4: ACTIVITY

Very High	Very high scorers are often overextended, frenzied, frantic, and easily distracted. At times they can burn themselves out. They feel driven to keep busy, filling spare time with numerous and at times trivial or pointless activities, rarely taking time off to relax and recuperate by doing nothing.
High	High scorers have a rapid tempo and vigorous movements. They have a sense of energy and need to keep themselves busy.
Low	Low scorers are more leisurely and relaxed in tempo, although they are not sluggish or lazy.
Very Low	The very low scorers on this facet are inactive, idle, sedentary, and passive. They appear apathetic, inert, and lethargic.

E5: EXCITEMENT-SEEKING

Very High	These people engage in a variety of reckless and even highly dangerous activities. Their behavior is rash, foolhardy, and careless. They are easily bored by anything less than excessive thrill-seeking.
High	High scorers crave excitement and stimulation.
Low	Low scorers feel little need for thrills and prefer a quiet life that high scorers might find boring.
Very Low	Very low scorers are engaged in activities and apparent pleasures that are habitual, mechanical, and routine. Their lives are experienced as dull, monotonous, and in a rut.

E6: POSITIVE EMOTIONS

Very High	Very high scorers are overly emotional and oftentimes overreact to minor events. They lose control of their emotions during major events. They tend to see life through rose-colored lenses, will often be giddy, and may appear to others to be euphoric or even manic.
High	High scorers laugh easily and laugh often. They are cheerful and optimistic.
Low	Low scorers are less exuberant and high-spirited, though not necessarily unhappy.
Very Low	The very low scorers are severe, austere, solemn, or stern. They appear unable to enjoy themselves at happy events. They remain grim and humorless. They are pessimistic.

O1: FANTASY

Very High	High scorers are often occupied with or distracted by fantasies. Many will confuse reality with fantasy. They may appear to be living in a dream world. They may have “dissociative” or hallucinatory experiences. They are superstitious.
High	High scorers have vivid imaginations and active fantasy lives.
Low	Low scorers are more prosaic and prefer to keep their minds on the task at hand. They keep both feet on the ground.
Very Low	The very low scorers lack any interest in fantasy or daydreams, and their imaginations tend to be sterile. They fail to enjoy activities that involve fantasy or imagination.

O2: AESTHETICS

Very High	These high scorers are preoccupied with aesthetic interests or activities to the detriment of social and occupational functioning. They are driven and obsessed by some form of unusual, peculiar, or aberrant aesthetic activity.
High	High scorers have a deep appreciation for art and beauty. They are moved by poetry, absorbed in music, and intrigued by art.
Low	Low scorers are relatively insensitive to and uninterested in the arts and beauty.
Very Low	Very low scorers have no appreciation for aesthetic or cultural pursuits. They are unable to communicate with or relate to others due to an absence of appreciation for culture or aesthetic interests (for example, artwork “just looks like a bunch of colors to me”).

O3: FEELINGS

Very High	These individuals are excessively governed by or preoccupied with their emotions. They may experience the self as continually within an exaggerated mood state and may be excessively sensitive or responsive to transient mood states.
High	High scorers experience deeper and more differentiated emotional states and feel both happiness and unhappiness.
Low	Low scorers have somewhat blunted emotions and do not believe that feeling states are important.
Very Low	Very low scorers are oblivious to the feelings within themselves and within other persons. They may seldom experience substantial or significant feelings. They will appear highly constricted. They are overly rational.

O4: ACTIONS

Very High	The very high scorers are unpredictable in their plans and interests. They may switch careers and jobs numerous times.
High	High scorers prefer novelty and variety to familiarity. These, in general, are the risk-takers.
Low	Low scorers find change and risk difficult. They prefer to stick to the tried and true.
Very Low	These people avoid any change to their daily routines. They establish a set routine in their daily activities and stick to it in a repetitive and habitual manner. They do not have hobbies.

O5: IDEAS

Very High	The very high scorers are preoccupied with unusual, aberrant, or strange ideas. Their reality testing can be tenuous. They can be overly theatrical and abstract.
High	High scorers enjoy both philosophical arguments and brain teasers. They are willing to consider new and unconventional ideas.
Low	Low scorers have limited curiosity and narrowly focus their resources on limited topics.
Very Low	The very low scorers fail to appreciate or recognize new solutions. They reject new, creative, or innovative ideas as strange and “crazy.” They repeatedly apply old, failed solutions to new problems. They do better with more straightforward problems and concrete solutions. They are rigidly traditional, old-fashioned, and resistant to new, alternative perspectives or cultures.

O6: VALUES

Very High	Very high scorers continually question and then reject alternative value systems. They lack any clear or coherent guiding belief systems or convictions. They are adrift and lost when faced with moral, ethical, or other significant life decisions. They can be excessively unconventional and permissive.
High	High scorers are ready to reexamine social, political, and religious values.
Low	Low scorers tend to accept authority and honor tradition. They are conservative by nature.
Very Low	Very low scorers are dogmatic and closed-minded with respect to their own moral, ethical, or other belief systems. They reject and are intolerant of alternative belief systems. They may be prejudiced and bigoted. They are overly conventional.

A1: TRUST

Very High	Very high scorers have a tendency to be naive, gullible, and “dewy-eyed.” They fail to recognize that some people should not be trusted. They fail to take realistic or practical caution with respect to property, savings, and other things of value.
High	High scorers have a disposition to believe that others are honest and well intentioned.
Low	Low scorers tend to be cynical and skeptical, and they assume that others may be dishonest.
Very Low	Very low scorers are paranoid and suspicious of most people. They readily perceive malevolent intentions in benign, innocent remarks or behaviors. They often are involved in acrimonious arguments with friends, colleagues, associates, or neighbors due to their unfounded beliefs or expectations that they are being mistreated, used, exploited, or victimized.

A2: STRAIGHTFORWARDNESS

Very High	The very high scorers naively and indiscriminately reveal personal secrets, insecurities, and vulnerabilities to other people, thereby exposing themselves to unnecessary exploitation, loss, or victimization. They are unable to be clever, shrewd, cunning, or secretive.
High	High scorers are frank, sincere, and ingenuous.
Low	Low scorers are more willing to manipulate others through flattery, craftiness, or deception.
Very Low	Very low scorers are continually deceptive, dishonest, and manipulative. They con or deceive others for personal profit, gain, or advantage. They likely engage in pathological lying and are themselves unfaithful. Others may quickly or eventually realize that they cannot be trusted.

A3: ALTRUISM

Very High	Very high scorers are excessively selfless and sacrificial. Frequently they are exploited, abused, or victimized due to a failure to consider or be concerned with their own needs or rights.
High	High scorers have an active concern for others’ welfare, as shown in their generosity and willingness to step in and assist others in need of help.
Low	Low scorers are somewhat self-centered and are reluctant to get involved in the problems of others.
Very Low	The very low scorers show little regard for the rights of others. They are greedy and stingy. They are exploitive and abusive. They are often envious of others. They are insensitive to others’ needs and feelings. They are very self-centered.

A4: COMPLIANCE

Very High	The very high scorers are acquiescent, yielding, docile, and submissive. They are often exploited, abused, or victimized as a result of failure to protect or defend themselves. They have difficulty expressing aggression or anger and lack assertiveness. They are unable to set limits with others.
High	High scorers tend to defer to or cooperate with others. They inhibit aggression or dissent easily. They forgive and forget.
Low	Low scorers are aggressive. They prefer to compete, rather than to cooperate with others. They have no reluctance in expressing their disagreement, even turning to anger if necessary to get their points across.
Very Low	The very low scorers are argumentative, defiant, resistant to authority, contentious, contemptuous, belligerent, combative, or obstructive. They may turn to bullying, intimidating, and even using physical aggression to get what they want. They generally do not get along with others, and they also dislike others. They easily elicit dislike and animosity in others. They are competitive, stubborn, unforgiving, and vengeful.

A5: MODESTY

Very High	The very high scorers are meek and self-denigrating. They fail to appreciate or are unable to acknowledge their talents, abilities, attractiveness, or other positive attributes.
High	High scorers are humble and self-effacing, although they are not lacking in self-confidence or self-esteem.
Low	Low scorers believe they are superior people and may be considered arrogant or conceited by others.
Very Low	The very low scorers are conceited, arrogant, boastful, pretentious, or pompous. They feel entitled to special considerations, treatment, or recognition that they are unlikely to be provided.

A6: TENDER-MINDEDNESS

Very High	The very high scorers are soft-hearted, mawkish, or maudlin. They become excessively depressed, tearful, and overwhelmed in the face of pain and suffering of others. Their feelings of pity and concern are a means for exploitation by others.
High	High scorers are moved by others’ needs and emphasize the human side of social policies.
Low	Low scorers are more hard-headed and less moved by appeals to pity.
Very Low	Very low scorers are callous, coldhearted, and at times even merciless and ruthless toward others. They experience no concern, interest, or feelings for the pain and suffering of others.

C1: COMPETENCE

Very High	Very high scorers seek perfectionism. They may even see themselves as being perfect and are not aware of their shortcomings. They emphasize or value competence in specific areas of their lives, to the detriment of most other activities and interests. They can fail to be successful or even adequate in certain tasks, assignments, and responsibilities due to their excessive perfectionism. They do not enjoy challenges or accomplishments in new areas or disciplines.
High	High scorers feel well-prepared to deal with life. They are capable, sensible, prudent, and effective.
Low	Low scorers have lower opinions of their abilities and admit that they are often unprepared and inept.
Very Low	The very low scorers are lax. They are disinclined, incapable, or unskilled at tasks, despite a potential to be highly, or at least adequately, skilled at those tasks.

C2: ORDER

Very High	The very high scorers are preoccupied with order, rules, schedules, and organization. Their fixation on order undermines leisure activities. Tasks can remain uncompleted due to an overly rigid emphasis upon proper order and organization. Their friends and colleagues grow frustrated by this preoccupation.
High	High scorers are neat, tidy, and well organized. They keep things in their proper places.
Low	Low scorers find it difficult to get organized and describe themselves as unmethodical.
Very Low	The very low scorers are disorganized and sloppy to the point where it can result in haphazard and slipshod work.

C3: DUTIFULNESS

Very High	Very high scorers are so rigidly adherent to a set of rules and standards that they fail to appreciate, acknowledge, or solve ethical and moral dilemmas. They cannot think outside the box. They place duty above all other moral and ethical principles.
High	High scorers adhere strictly to their ethical principles and scrupulously fulfill their moral obligations.
Low	Low scorers are more casual about such matters. They may be somewhat unpredictable and unreliable.
Very Low	Very low scorers are undependable, unreliable, and at times immoral or unethical.

C4: ACHIEVEMENT STRIVING

Very High	The very high scorers are excessively devoted to career, work, or productivity to the detriment of other important areas of life. These are workaholics who sacrifice friends, family, and other relationships for personal achievement or success. They set unrealistically high standards for themselves.
High	High scorers have high aspiration levels and work hard to achieve their goals in life.
Low	Low scorers are lackadaisical and perhaps even lazy. They are not driven to succeed.
Very Low	The very low scorers are aimless, shiftless, and directionless. They have no clear goals, plans, or directions in life. They drift from one job, aspiration, or place to another and never settle down.

C5: SELF-DISCIPLINE

Very High	Very high scorers show single-minded doggedness for trivial, inconsequential, impossible, or even harmful tasks and goals. They cannot disengage from projects or set aside incomplete jobs once they have started, even when it is imperative that they do so.
High	High scorers have the ability to motivate themselves to get the job done.
Low	Low scorers procrastinate in beginning a given task, and once they begin, they are easily discouraged and eager to quit before completing the job at hand.
Very Low	Very low scorers are notable for employment that is unstable and marginal. They are negligent at work and do not finish tasks. They are excessively hedonistic and self-indulgent. They have difficulty concentrating and maintaining their attention. They have troubles budgeting money. They have poor health habits. They are unable to change maladaptive behaviors and often show unrestricted use of alcohol, nicotine, or other drugs.

C6: DELIBERATION

Very High	The very high scorers are prone to ruminations or excessive pondering of all possible consequences to the point that decisions fail to be made on time, effectively, or at all.
High	High scorers are cautious and deliberate. They think carefully before acting or speaking out.
Low	Low scorers are hasty and often speak or act without considering the consequences.
Very Low	Very low scorers are hasty and careless in their decision making, even to the point of sustaining harmful or dire consequences. They fail to consider various consequences and costs, even in important life decisions.