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E-, N+ Gloomy Pessimists These people face a dark and dreary life. There can be little that cheers them and much in life that causes them anguish and distress. Especially under stressful circumstances, they may succumb to periods of clinical depression, and even when they are functioning normally they can still find life hard and joyless. |
E+, N+ Overly Emotional These people experience both positive and negative emotions fully and may swing rapidly from one mood to another. Their interpersonal interactions may be tumultuous because they are so easily carried away by their feelings. They may show features of histrionic personality disorder, but they may also feel that their lives are full of excitement. These people are at high risk for substance abuse disorders. |
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E-, N- Low-Keyed Neither good news nor bad has much effect on these people. They maintain a stoic indifference to events that would either frighten or delight others. Their interpersonal relationships may suffer because other people find them to be “cold fish.” Their emotional experience of life is bland. |
E+, N- Upbeat Optimists These people are usually cheerful, because they are not unduly troubled by problems, and they have a keen appreciation of life’s pleasures. When faced with frustration or disappointment, they may become angry or sad more easily than others, but then quickly put those feelings behind them. They prefer to concentrate on the future, which they view with eager anticipation. They enjoy life. |
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(O-, N+) Maladaptive These individuals tend to use primitive and ineffective defenses, such as repression, denial, and reaction formation. They prefer not to think about disturbing ideas, and they may refuse to acknowledge possible dangers (such as serious illness). They lack insight into the distressing feelings that they experience, and because they can not verbalize their feelings, they may be considered alexithymic. |
(O+, N+) Hypersensitive Hypersensitive people seem undefended. They are alert to danger and vividly imagine possible misfortunes. They may be prone to nightmares. Because they think in unusual and creative ways, they may sometimes be troubled by odd and eccentric ideas. |
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(O-, N-) Hyposensitive Hyposensitive individuals rarely experience strong negative emotions, and when they do, they downplay their importance. They do not dwell on threats or losses, turning instead to concrete actions to solve the problem at hand or simply to distract themselves. They put their faith in higher powers. |
(O+, N-) Adaptive Adaptive individuals are keenly aware of conflict, stress, and threats and are able to utilize these situations to stimulate creative adaptations. They grapple intellectually with their own intrapsychic problems, and they tend to react to life stressors with humor and artistic inspiration. |
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(O-, E+) Mainstream Consumers Their interests reflect the popular favorites: parties, sports, music, blockbuster movies, shopping, and other such events where they can enjoy themselves with others. They are attracted to jobs or careers that let them work with others on simple projects. Possible vocation: salesperson. |
(O+, E+) Creative Interactors These individuals’ interests revolve around the new and the different. They like to share their discoveries with others. They enjoy public speaking, and they fit in well in discussion groups. They enjoy meeting people from different backgrounds. Possible vocations: teacher or anthropologist. |
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(O-, E-) Homebodies Their interests are focused on activities they can pursue alone or with a small group. They are unadventurous and likely hobbies include collecting items like stamps or coins, gardening, and watching TV. Their vocational interests may include mechanical or domestic work. Possible vocation: bookkeeper. |
(O+, E-) Introspectors Their interests are focused on ideas and activities they can pursue alone. Reading, writing, or creative hobbies such as painting and music appeal to them. They prefer occupations that provide both challenge and privacy. Possible vocations: artist, naturalist. |
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(A-, N+) Temperamental Temperamental people are easily angered and tend to express anger directly. They may fly into a rage over a minor irritant, and they can seethe with anger for long periods of time. They are deeply involved in themselves and take offense readily, and they often overlook the effects of their anger on others. They also may be prone to physical aggression or verbal abuse. |
(A+, N+) Timid Timid people are heavily conflicted over anger. On the one hand, their feelings are readily hurt, and they often feel victimized. On the other hand, they are reluctant to express anger because they do not want to offend others. Their anger may be directed inwardly toward themselves. |
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(A-, N-) Cold-Blooded Cold-blooded people “don’t get mad; they get even.” These people often take offense, but they are not overpowered by feelings of anger. Instead, they keep accounts and express their animosity at a time and in a way that suits them. They may seek revenge in criminal assaults, or more commonly, in manipulative office politics or exploitive interpersonal relationships. |
(A+, N-) Easy-Going Easy-going people are slow to anger and are reluctant to express their anger when it arises. They know when they have been insulted and may raise objections, but they would prefer to forget and forgive. They understand that there are two sides to every issue, and they try to work toward a common ground in resolving disputes. |
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(C-, N+) Undercontrolled These individuals are often at the mercy of their own impulses. They find it difficult and distressing to resist any urge or desire, and they lack the self-control to hold their urges in check. As a result, they may act in ways that they know are not in their long-term best interests. They may be particularly susceptible to substance abuse and other health-risk behaviors. |
(C+, N+) Overcontrolled These people combine distress-proneness with a strong need to control their behavior. They have perfectionistic strivings and will not allow themselves to fail, even at the smallest detail. Because their goals are often unrealistic, they are prone to guilt and self-recrimination. They may be susceptible to obsessive and compulsive behavior. |
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(N-, C-) Relaxed These people see little need to exert rigorous control over their behavior. They learn to take the easy way, and they are philosophical about disappointments. They may need extra assistance in motivating themselves to follow appropriate medical advice or to undertake any effortful endeavor. |
(C+, N-) Directed These people have a clear sense of their own goals and the ability to work toward them, even under unfavorable conditions. They take setbacks and frustration in stride, and they are able to tolerate unsatisfied needs without abandoning their plans of action. |
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(A-, E+) Leaders These people enjoy social situations as an arena in which they can shine. They prefer giving orders to taking them and believe they are particularly well suited to making decisions. They may be boastful and vain, but they also know how to get people to work together. |
(A+, E+) Welcomers These people sincerely enjoy the company of others. They are deeply attached to their old friends and reach out freely to new ones. They are good-natured and sympathetic, willing to lend an ear, and happy to chat about their own ideas. They are easy to get along with and popular. |
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(A-, E-) Competitors These people tend to view others as potential enemies. They are wary and distant and keep to themselves. They prefer respect to friendship and guard their privacy jealously. When interacting with them, it is wise to allow them the space they feel they need. |
(A+, E-) The Unassuming These people are modest and self-effacing. They often prefer to be alone, but they are also sympathetic and respond to others’ needs. Because they are trusting, others may sometimes take advantage of them. Their friends should watch out for their interests, but still respect their privacy. |
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(C-, E+) Fun-Lovers They are full of energy and vitality, but they find it hard to channel their energy in constructive directions. Instead, they prefer to enjoy life with thrills, adventures, and raucous parties. They are spontaneous and impulsive, ready to drop work for the chance to have a good time. |
(C+, E+) Go-Getters They are productive and efficient and work at a rapid tempo. They know exactly what needs to be done and are eager to pitch in. They might design their own self-improvement programs and follow them with zeal. They may seem pushy if they try to impose their style on others. |
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(C-, E-) The Lethargic They are unenthusiastic and have few plans or goals to motivate them. They tend to be passive and respond only to the most pressing of demands. They rarely initiate activities, and in group activities or games they often find themselves left behind. |
(C+, E-) Plodders They are methodical workers who concentrate on the task at hand. They work slowly and steadily until the job is completed. In leisure as in work, they have a measured pace. They cannot be hurried, but they can be counted upon to finish whatever tasks they are assigned. |
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(A-, O+) Free-Thinkers They are critical thinkers who are not swayed by either tradition or sentimentality. They consider all views, but then make their own judgments about right and wrong, and they are willing to disregard others’ feelings in pursing their own ideas of the truth. |
(A+, O+) Progressives They take a thoughtful approach to social problems and are willing to try new solutions. They have faith in human nature and are confident that society can be improved through education, innovation, and cooperation. They believe in reason and being reasonable. |
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(A-, O-) Resolute Believers These individuals have strong and unchanging beliefs about social policies and personal morality. Because they view human nature with considerable skepticism, they support strict discipline and a get-tough approach to social problems. They expect everyone to follow the rules. |
(A+, O-) Traditionalists These individuals rely on the beliefs and values of their families and heritages in seeking the best way for people to live. They feel that following the established rules without question is the best way to ensure peace and prosperity for everyone. |
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(C-, O+) Dreamers They are attracted to new ideas and can develop imaginative elaborations, but they may get lost in flights of fancy. They are good at starting innovative projects, but they are less successful in completing them and may need help in staying focused. They are able to tolerate uncertainty and ambiguity. |
(C+, O+) Good Students Although they are not necessarily more intelligent than others, these people combine a real love of learning with the diligence and the organization to excel. They have a high aspiration level and are often creative in their approaches to solving problems. They are likely to go as far academically as their gifts (intellectual capacity) will allow. |
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(C-, O-) Reluctant Scholars Academic and intellectual pursuits are not their strength or preference. They need special incentives to start learning and stick with it. They may need help in organizing their work and reminders to keep them on schedule. They may have problems maintaining attention. |
(C+, O-) By-the-Bookers These individuals are diligent, methodical, and organized, and they abide by all the rules. However, they lack imagination and prefer step-by-step instructions. They excel at rote learning but have difficulties with questions that have no one right answer. They have a need for structure and closure. |
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(C-, A+) Well-Intentioned They are giving, sympathetic, and genuinely concerned about others. However, their lack of organization and persistence means that they sometimes fail to follow through on their good intentions. They can be very adept at inspiring kindness and generosity in others. |
(C+, A+) Effective Altruists These are people who work diligently for the benefit of the group. They are high in self-discipline and endurance, and they channel their efforts to the service of others. As volunteers, they are willing to take on difficult or thankless tasks and will stick with them until they get the job done. |
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(C-, A-) Undistinguished They are more concerned with their own comfort and pleasure than with the well being of others. They tend to be weak-willed and are likely to have some undesirable habits they find difficult to correct. |
(C+, A-) Self-Promoters These people are concerned first and foremost with their own needs and interests, and they are effective in pursuing their own ends. They may be highly successful in owning their own businesses or in politics because of their single-minded pursuit of their own interests. |