vii ‘A long while amid’: Walt Whitman, ‘A Glimpse,’ ‘Calamus 29’ (1860), in Leaves of Grass: A Textual Variorum of the Printed Poems, 1860–1867 (1980; repr., New York: New York University Press, 2008), 397.
3 ‘Historically, gay bars’: Hannah Quinlan and Rosie Hastings in conversation with Hatty Nestor, ‘Our Work Poses Questions That Bridge the Gap Between the Past, Present and Future of Queer Culture in the UK,’ Studio International, 22 August 2017.
5 ‘It may seem difficult’: Gordon Westwood, Society and the Homosexual (London: Victor Gollancz, 1952), 127.
5 ‘in a pathetic kind’: Ibid., 126.
5 ‘The pink shilling’: Matt Houlbrook, Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 81.
6 ‘We were ghosts’: Andrew Holleran, Dancer from the Dance (1978; repr., New York: Harper Perennial, 2001), 130.
6 ‘I am the shadow…ghost am lain’: Wilfred Owen, ‘I Am the Ghost of Shadwell Stair,’ in The Poems of Wilfred Owen (Ware, Eng.: Wordsworth Classics, 1994), 34.
6 ‘I dance to save myself’: Paul Verlaine, ‘Mille e tre’ (‘A thousand and three’), in Women/Men, trans. Alistair Elliot (1979; repr., Greenwich, Eng.: Anvil Press Poetry, 2004), 91.
8 ‘to construct a queer consumer’: Houlbrook, Queer London, 85.
9 ‘The party is coming’: Hugo Greenhalgh, ‘Gay Bars Fall Victim to Soaring Property Prices,’ Financial Times, 28 September 2015.
9 ‘I can’t help wondering’: June Thomas, ‘The Gay Bar: Is It Dying?,’ Slate, 27 June 2011.
10 ‘3 Deviates Invite’: Thomas A. Johnson, ‘3 Deviates Invite Exclusion by Bars,’ New York Times, 22 April 1966.
10 ‘all Heteros…in a gay area’: Review of Gold Coast Bar, yelp.com, 1 January 2015 (accessed 19 May 2020).
10 ‘Do gay people still’: ‘Do Gay People Still Need Gay Bars?,’ BBC News, 1 April 2014.
11 ‘How “Gay” Should’: Jim Farber, ‘How “Gay” Should a Gay Bar Be?,’ New York Times, 24 June 2017.
11 ‘What are they doing’: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America: A Subjective Approach (1951; repr., New York: Arno Press, 1975), 131.
12 ‘And then, when my part’: Dave Cullen, ‘Mass Murder at the Gay Bar: When a Refuge Becomes the Target,’ Vanity Fair, 13 June 2016.
13 ‘When gays are spatially scattered’: Manuel Castells, The City and the Grassroots (London: Edward Arnold, 1983), 138.
13 ‘Being Gay’: Ofri Ilany, ‘Being Gay Is Passé,’ Haaretz, 7 June 2018.
14 ‘When there is a vaccine’: Patrick Califia, ‘The Necessity of Excess,’ Poz, 1 October 1998.
18 ‘You meet men there’: James Miller, The Passion of Michel Foucault (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), 264.
19 ‘the transgression of transgression’: Roland Barthes, Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes, trans. Richard Howard (1977; repr., New York: Hill and Wang, 2010), 66.
21 ‘secretly sodomizing’: Robert Smithson, ‘A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey,’ in Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings, ed. Jack Flam (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 71.
21 ‘Rather than being “pushed” out’: Johan Andersson, ‘Vauxhall’s Post-industrial Pleasure Gardens: “Death Wish” and Hedonism in 21st-Century London,’ Urban Studies 48, no. 1 (2010): 96.
22 ‘the dark walks’: William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1848), 47.
23 ‘visibility is a trap’: Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (1977; repr., New York: Vintage, 1995), 200.
23 ‘notions of the queer’s character’: Houlbrook, Queer London, 63.
23–24 ‘I think they get…to everything else’: P.C. Butcher statement to Department Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution, 7 December 1954, PRO, HO 345/12: CHP TRANS 8, Q633, 3, National Archives, London.
24 a ten-minute maximum: ‘Lefties to “Clock” Cops in the Loo!,’ Sun, 15 June 1985; available at Lesbian and Gay Newsmedia Archive, Bishopsgate Institute, London.
26 ‘fragile from fear’: Ben Walters, application to English Heritage (now Historic England) to list the Royal Vauxhall Tavern, January 2015, p. 31, www.rvt.community/read-our-application-to-make-the-tavern-a-listed-building/ (accessed 19 May 2020).
26 ‘Instead…feminized domesticity’: Ben Walters, ‘The Police Wore Rubber Gloves,’ nottelevision.net, 17 January 2017 (accessed 19 May 2020).
27 ‘onerous restrictions’: Biographical note of James Lindsay, CEO/Managing Director, vauxhalltavern.com (accessed 19 May 2020).
27 ’momentary excitements’: Gayle Rubin, ‘Geologies of Queer Studies,’ in Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2011), 355.
28 ‘London’s Greatest Bohemian Rendezvous’: Flyer, 1934, MEPO 3/758, National Archives.
28 ‘absolutely a sink’: Note to Commissioner of Police, 1934, MEPO 3/758, ibid.
29–30 ‘coloured people’…‘were freely used’: Various police constable statements to Bow Street Police Station ‘E’ Division, August 1934, MEPO 3/758, ibid.
30 ‘This certifies that I’: Evidence at Bow Street Police Station ‘E’ Division, 26 August 1934, MEPO 3/758, ibid.
30 ‘I don’t mind’: Statement to Bow Street Police Station ‘E’ Division, August 1934, MEPO 3/758, ibid., quoted in Houlbrook, Queer London, 12.
31 ‘I ask one thing’: Earl of Arran, statement to House of Lords regarding the Sexual Offences Bill (No. 2), 21 July 1967, api.parliament.uk (accessed 19 May 2020).
33 ‘And yet the question remains’: Simon Watney, ‘AIDS and the Politics of the Queer Diaspora,’ in Negotiating Lesbian and Gay Subjects, ed. Monica Dorenkamp and Richard Henke (New York: Routledge, 1995), 61.
35 ‘Humiliation is always personal’: Wayne Koestenbaum, Humiliation (London: Notting Hill Editions, 2011), 186.
36 ‘They were together…regularly gay’: Gertrude Stein, Geography and Plays (Boston: Four Seas, 1922), quoted in Oxford English Dictionary.
36 ‘Went round’: Kenneth Williams, ‘Thursday, 16 January’ (1947), in The Kenneth Williams Diaries, ed. Russell Davies (London: HarperCollins, 1994), 8.
36 ‘I have yet to meet’: Sara H. Carleton, ‘The Truth about Homosexuals,’ Sir!, quoted by Jim Egan, Challenging the Conspiracy of Silence (Toronto: The Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives/Homewood Books, 1998), 50.
37 ‘“I enjoy my double”’: Observer, 17 January 1971, quoted in Oxford English Dictionary.
38 ‘Queer scenes’: Michael Warner, The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics, and the Ethics of Queer Life (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), 35–36.
39 ‘eventful to no one’: Erving Goffman, Stigma (London: Penguin, 1963), 104.
40 ‘Our hearts pounded’: Cleo Rocos, The Power of Positive Drinking (London: Random House, 2013), 47.
41 ‘There’s more literature’: Thomas, ‘The Gay Bar: Is It Dying?’
41 ‘Today I write back’: José Esteban Muñoz, Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity (New York: New York University Press, 2009), 113.
Achilles, Nancy. ‘The Development of the Homosexual Bar as an Institution.’ In Sexual Deviance, edited by John H. Gagnon and William Simon. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
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Alabanza, Travis. ‘Going to the Gay Bar.’ Archive on Four (BBC Radio Four), 14 September 2019.
Berry, David. ‘Chasing the Pink Pound.’ Guardian, 14 May 1984.
Bersani, Leo. Receptive Bodies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.
Borg, Alan, and David E. Coke. Vauxhall Gardens: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.
Halperin, David M. How to Be Gay. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 2012.
Miller, Russell. ‘Please Excuse Him While He Puts On His Bra.’ Nova, August 1968.
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Pry, Paul. For Your Convenience: A Learned Dialogue Instructive to all Londoners and London Visitors. London: Routledge, 1937.
‘Segregation in the LGBTQ Community.’ Love Child Talks, 13 March 2019.
Squires, Charlie. What’s a Girl Like You…(London Weekend Television), 1969.
Tatchell, Peter. ‘Don’t Fall For the Myth That It’s 50 Years Since We Decriminalised Homsexuality,’ Guardian, 23 May 2017.
47 ‘When I was young’: Derek Jarman, At Your Own Risk (1992; repr., New York: Vintage, 2019), 26. (Published by Cornerstone; reprinted by permission of the Random House Group Limited © 1991).
49 ‘the fastest proliferating type’: Wayne Sage, ‘Inside the Colossal Closet,’ in Gay Men, ed. Martin P. Levine (New York: Harper and Row, 1979), 155.
49 ‘Probe invites all’: Poster, 1983, Coll. 2018.001: Poster Collection, ONE Archives at the USC Libraries, Los Angeles.
49 ‘probe the darkness’: Flyer, 1984, Coll, 2012.001, Subject Files: Probe, ibid.
50 ‘A Chilling Walk…I shivered’: Flyer, 1992, ibid.
51 ‘In between the play’: E. Michael Gorman, ‘The Pursuit of the Wish: An Anthropological Perspective on Gay Male Subculture in Los Angeles,’ in Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field, ed. Gilbert Herdt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 98.
51 ‘One interesting change’: Ibid., 104.
55 ’emphasize exchange-value’: Mickey Lauria and Lawrence Knopp, ‘Towards an Analysis of the Role of Gay Communities in the Urban Renaissance,’ Urban Geography, 1985, quoted in Moira Rachel Kenney, Mapping Gay L.A.: The Intersection of Place and Politics (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001), 42.
61 ‘Bejeweled, Balenciaga’d, trailing’: John Hallowell, ‘Somebodies and Nobodies,’ New York, 16 September 1968.
61 ‘L.A. has the most beautiful men’: Edmund White, States of Desire Revisited: Travels in Gay America (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014), 14.
61 ‘a futuristic inferno’: Jack Slater, ‘Discotheques Dance to Another Tune,’ Los Angeles Times, 11 August 1976, Coll. 2012.001, Subject Files: Studio One, ONE Archives.
62 ‘Faces were smiling’: Data Boy, June 1977, ibid.
62 ‘Total drama, that’s what’: Charles Solomon, ‘Disco L.A.: Behind the Seen,’ Los Angeles Times, 15 August 1979, ibid.
62 ‘Gay bars are not…gay establishments’: Sage, ‘Inside the Colossal Closet,’ 148.
62 ‘Disco to a gay person’: Dennis Hunt, ‘Disco Clubs: Down but Not Out,’ Los Angeles Times, 8 April 1980, ONE Archives.
62 ‘Even the dances…dance by ourselves’: Jack Slater, ‘Discotheques Dance to Another Tune,’ Los Angeles Times, 11 August 1976, ibid.
62–63 thirty-five instances: Dave Johnson, ‘Studio One Hit with Charges of Racism, Sexist Discrimination,’ Los Angeles Free Press, 13–19 June 1975, ibid.
66 ‘This was established’: Slater, ‘Discotheques Dance to Another Tune.’
66 ‘The secret to a discotheque’s longevity…you don’t get in’: Ibid.
66 ‘Because they only go out’: Ibid.
66 ‘freaks…they are associated’: Sage, ‘Inside the Colossal Closet.’
67 ‘are not sisters and brothers’: Flyer, 1975, ONE Archives.
77 ‘It’s not against…We’re Americans, too!’: Lillian Faderman and Stuart Timmons, Gay L.A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, and Lipstick Lesbians (New York: Basic Books, 2006), 158.
78 ‘gladioli, mums’: Dick Michaels, ‘“Patch” Raids Police Station,’ Los Angeles Advocate, September 1968, quoted in Marc Stein, The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History (New York: New York University Press, 2019), 106.
84 ‘Skinny glam-indie’: i-D, October 1995.
85 ‘hormone queen’: Joanne J. Meyerowitz, How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002), 191.
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Guzman-Sanchez, Thomas. Underground Dance Masters: Final History of a Forgotten Era. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2012.
Lawrence, Tim. ‘The Forging of a White Gay Aesthetic at the Saint, 1980–1984.’ Dancecult: Journal of Electronic Dance Music Culture 3, no. 1 (2011).
Negrón-Muntaner, Frances. Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture. New York: New York University Press, 2004.
Shapiro, Peter. Turn the Beat Around: The Secret History of Disco. New York: Faber and Faber, 2005.
Simpson, Mark. Male Impersonators: Men Performing Masculinity. London: Continuum/Bloomsbury, 1994.
Swil, Warren, with Stewart Barkal. ‘The Black Party at Probe Was a Special Event Where the Audience Was the Show.’ Frontiers Newsmagazine, 1 April 1986.
Wat, Eric C. The Making of a Gay Asian Community: An Oral History of Pre-AIDS Los Angeles. Lanham, Md.: Rowan and Littlefield, 2002.
White, Edmund. ‘Fantasia on the Seventies.’ In The Burning Library: Essays. 1994. Reprint, New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2010.
89 ‘If coming out isn’t’: Mark Simpson, ‘Gay Dream Believer: Inside the Gay Underwear Cult,’ in Anti-Gay, ed. Mark Simpson (London: Continuum/Bloomsbury, 1996), 6. (Copyright © Mark Simpson; reprinted by permission of Bloomsbury Publishing, Plc.).
89 ‘I’m a connoisseur…Have a nice day’: Gus Van Sant, My Own Private Idaho, dir. Gus Van Sant (New Line Cinema, 1991).
90 ‘Out with the gay look’: Attitude, December 1995.
90 ‘real music’: Ibid.
90 ‘the inevitable result’: Mark Simpson, ‘Preface,’ in Simpson, ed., Anti-Gay, xvii.
91 ‘the new pieties’: Adam Phillips, On Flirtation (London: Faber and Faber, 1994), 124.
91 ‘What exactly is the queer appeal’: Paul Burston, Attitude, September 1994.
95 ‘a new gay night…types queue here’: ‘Starz in Their Eyes,’ i-D, October 1995.
96 ‘Substation, Backstreet and the Fort’: Johan Andersson, ‘Hygiene Aesthetics on London’s Gay Scene: The Stigma of AIDS,’ in Dirt: New Geographies of Cleanliness and Contamination, ed. Ben Campkin and Rosie Cox (London: I.B. Tauris, 2007), 109.
96 ‘spoiled identity’: Susan Sontag, AIDS and Its Metaphors (London: Penguin, 1990), 15.
97 ‘a failed attempt at stylishness’: Johan Andersson, ‘Homonormative Aesthetics: AIDS and “De-Generational Unremembering” in 1990s London,’ Urban Studies 56, no. 14 (2019), 3008.
97 ‘the emphasis would be’: Dominic Lutyens, ‘The Gay Team,’ Observer, 26 October 2003.
97 ‘factory-farms stereotyped’: Talia, ‘Simon Hobart’ (obituary), Londonist, 28 October 2005.
97 ‘tapping into a younger’: Lutyens, ‘The Gay Team.’
98 ‘The easiest way’: Peter Paphides, Attitude, November 1994.
105 ‘I’ve called myself a bisexual’: Mark Simpson, ‘The Persueders,’ Attitude, October 1994.
106 ‘I think I’ll have two of you’: Jonathan Harvey, Beautiful Thing, dir. Hettie Macdonald (Channel Four Films/World Productions, 1996).
107 ‘One wanders into the bar’: Donald Webster Cory, The Homosexual in America: A Subjective Approach (New York: Arno Press, 1975), 120.
107 ‘I hate it’: Harvey, Beautiful Thing.
107 ‘Yanks Go Home!’: Select, April 1993.
108 ‘dear dad…child and wife’: David M. Bergeron, King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1999), 175.
109 ‘I naturally so love’: Ibid., 203.
109 ‘I was fond of’: Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1850), 116.
110 ‘resort of persons’: Inspector Woods, statement to Bow Street Station ‘E’ Division, 17 July 1933, MEPO 2/4309, the National Archives, London.
110 ‘the operations of municipal power’: Matt Houlbrook, Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis, 1918–1957 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 63.
111 ‘What I hate’: Gay Life, dir. Nigel Wattis (London Weekend Television, 1980).
111 ‘gay until he was thirty’: Ibid.
111 ‘the only club’: J.M. Barrie, The Greenwood Hat (privately printed, 1930), 284.
111 ‘a ghost on the back’: Ibid., 287.
112 ‘read backward in time’: John D’Emilio, ‘Capitalism and Gay Identity,’ in The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, ed. Henry Abelove, Michèle Aina Barale and David M. Halperin (New York: Routledge, 1993), 468.
112 ‘For gayness to be’: Wayne Koestenbaum, ‘Wilde’s Hard Labor and the Birth of Gay Reading,’ in Engendering Men: The Question of Male Feminist Criticism, ed. Joseph A. Boone and Michael Cadden (New York: Routledge, 1990), 188.
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——. “In Defence of Disco.” Gay Left, no. 8, 1979.
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——. “The Spectacle of AIDS.” In The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Edited by Henry Abelove, Michèle Aina Barale and David M. Halperin. New York: Routledge, 1993.
117 ‘But back to when’: Michelle Tea, Valencia (2000; repr., Seattle: Seal Press, 2008), 105.
119 ‘As for the famous gay life’: Edmund White, States of Desire Revisited: Travels in Gay America (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014), 31.
120 ‘a carnival where’: Frances FitzGerald, Cities on a Hill (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986), 12.
120 ‘I was white, male’: Ibid., 29–30.
121 ‘as if every individual’: Les Wright, ‘Clone,’ in Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, ed. George Haggerty (2000; repr., London: Routledge, 2013), 200.
121 ’a slightly hostile air’: FitzGerald, Cities on a Hill, 54.
121 ‘The new gay fashion’: Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk (1982; repr., London: Atlantic Books, 2009), 101.
121 ‘drugstore cowboys eyed’: Ibid., 207.
121 ‘doped-up, sexed-out’: Martin P. Levine, ‘The Life and Death of Clones,’ in Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field, ed. Gilbert Herdt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 69.
122 ‘“mefirstism” implicit’: Ibid., 71.
122 ‘a new kind of mindless’: Edward Guthmann, ‘Stars,’ San Francisco Sentinel, 2 June 1978, quoted in Richard Myer, ‘Warhol’s Clones,’ in Negotiating Lesbian and Gay Subjects, ed. Monica Dorenkamp and Richard Henke (New York: Routledge, 1995), 110.
122 ‘a mask of masculinity’: Gay San Francisco, dir. Jonathan Raymond (1970).
122 ‘nice mustache…shampoos for days’: Armistead Maupin, Tales of the City (1978; repr., London: Random House, 2012), 160–61.
124 ‘Business space on Castro’: J. Stark, ‘Who’s Minding the Store?,’ San Francisco Examiner, 11 February 1979, quoted in Nan Alamilla Boyd, ‘San Francisco’s Castro District: From Gay Liberation to Tourist Destination,’ Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 9, no. 3 (2011).
124 ‘painting and refurbishing’: FitzGerald, Cities on a Hill, 59.
127 ‘desexualizing’: David M. Halperin, How to Be Gay (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 2012), 76.
127 ‘the spread of the gay bar’: John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States 1940–1970 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), 32.
128 ‘All was not so gay’: Nan Alamilla Boyd, Wide-Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 121, citing a 1949 article in the San Francisco Chronicle.
129 ‘swishing movements’: Ibid., 139.
129 ‘you’re a cute…to wit: Homosexuals’: J. White, opinion, California Supreme Court, Vallerga v. Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, 23 December 1959, scocal.stanford.edu (accessed 19 May 2020).
130 ‘The only moral’: Boyd, Wide-Open Town, 214, citing a 1961 column by Herb Caen.
131 ‘It was for the best’: MaryEllen Cunha interviewed by Moses Corrette et al., ‘Article 10 Landmark/Historic Preservation Commission Case Report Initiation of Designation: Twin Peaks Tavern,’ 19 September 2012, commissions.sfplanning.org (accessed 19 May 2020).
132 ‘I actually liked’: Simeon Wade, Foucault in California (Berkeley, Calif.: Heyday, 2019), 71.
133 ‘the first urban zone’: Allan Bérubé, ‘Resorts for Sex Perverts: A History of Gay Bathhouses,’ in My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Community, and Labor History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 71.
134 ‘Just walking into’: Gayle Rubin, ‘The Catacombs: Temple of the Butthole,’ in Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2011), 229.
134 ‘a firm sense…my cupped hand’: Patrick Califia, ‘The Necessity of Excess,’ Poz, 1 October 1998.
135 ‘sexual heretics…the hostile’: Rubin, ‘The Catacombs,’ 224.
135 ‘A secret world’: Paul Welch, ‘Homosexuality in America,’ Life, 26 June 1964.
137 ‘At the Black and Blue’: White, States of Desire Revisited, 52.
140 ‘was about gender’: Joshua Gamson, The Fabulous Sylvester: The Legend, the Music, the Seventies in San Francisco (New York: Picador, 2005), 130.
141 ‘community of memory’: Robert N. Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler and Steven M. Tipton, Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 153.
141 ‘celebrates the narcissism’: Ibid., 72.
141 ’When we hear phrases’: Ibid., 74–75.
142 ‘Living people had their hearts’: Gamson, The Fabulous Sylvester, 248.
142 ‘the institutions of culture-building’: Michael Warner, ‘Introduction,’ in Fear of a Queer Planet, ed. Michael Warner (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993), xvi–xvii.
143 ‘The bars were seedbeds’: D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 32.
144 ‘the second annual baseball game…to our amusement’: Bill Kruse, ‘POLICE BEATEN! Play Ball!,’ Bay Area Reporter, 11 July 1974.
145 ‘their melting sirens’: Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street, 388.
149 ‘conversation-stopper’: Adam Phillips, Attention Seeking (New York: Penguin, 2019), 40.
149 ‘I don’t think’: Elspeth Probyn, Blush: Faces of Shame (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), x.
151 ‘Those arrested at the Center’: Mattilda, aka Matt Bernstein Sycamore: ‘Gay Shame: From Queer Autonomous Space to Direct Action Extravaganza,’ in That’s Revolting: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation, ed. Mattilda Bernstein Sycamore (2004; repr., New York: Soft Skull Press, 2008), 252.
152 ‘Shame measures the distance’: Phillips, Attention Seeking, 56.
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157 ‘I was not thinking’: Wayne Koestenbaum, ‘My 1980s,’ in My 1980s and Other Essays (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013), 11.
157–158 ‘super cool…you might like it’: Betty Pearl and Pansy, Betty & Pansy’s Severe Queer Review of San Francisco, 7th ed. (Berkeley, Calif.: Cleis Press, 2003), 129.
159 ‘INTERNATIONAL FAGGOT’: Butt, August 2002.
161 ‘I sloshed away’: Michelle Tea, Valencia (2000; repr., Seattle: Seal Press, 2008), 11.
161 ‘a kind of reverse serenade’: Ibid., 77.
162 ‘we felt so much better’: Eileen Myles, Chelsea Girls (1994; repr., Los Angeles: Black Sparrow Press, 1997), 47.
162 ‘queen of the dykes’: Benjamin Moser, Sontag: Her Life and Work (London: Penguin, 2019), 84.
163 ‘big happy…a community’: Jane Kramer, Allen Ginsberg in America (New York: Random House, 1968), 48.
163 ‘a pack of unleashed zazous’: Herbert Gold, ‘Hip, Cool, Beat—and Frantic,’ Nation, 16 November 1957, quoted in John D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States 1940–1970 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), 179.
164 ‘Almost coincident’: Robert Duncan, ‘The Homosexual in Society,’ in A Selected Prose, ed. Robert J. Bertholf (New York: New Directions, 1995), 41.
164 ‘where the whole atmosphere…rehearsal of unfeeling’: Ibid., 47.
164 ‘taking on the modulations’: Ibid., 46.
164 ’a wave surging’: Ibid., 47.
167 ‘a sort of gay finishing school’: Edmund White, States of Desire Revisited: Travels in Gay America (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2014), 65–66.
167 ‘gray bar’: Camper English, ‘The Gray Agenda,’ SF Gate, 11 June 2006.
167 ‘Just before I left’: White, States of Desire Revisited, 32.
170 ‘Is not the most erotic’: Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text, trans. Richard Miller (1973; repr., New York: Hill and Wang, 1975), 9.
171 ‘I’m 28’: Betty Pearl and Pansy, Betty & Pansy’s Severe Queer Review, 32.
171 ‘greatest gay bar…poets went there’: D’Emilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities, 186.
172 ‘blue fungus…getting caught’: Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk (1982; repr., London: Atlantic Books, 2009), 60.
173 ‘freedom of speech…one of the best’: Guy Strait, ‘What Is a Gay Bar,’ Citizens News, December 1964, lib.berkeley.edu.
173 ‘They had long hair’: Aaron Shurin, ‘Full Spectrum,’ in Infinite City: A San Francisco Atlas, ed. Rebecca Solnit (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010), 49.
179 ‘the golden age of gay’: Bill Picture, ‘Flashback,’ Out, May 2006.
181 ‘There’s not just a gap’: Ryan Kost, ‘At the Edge of the Tenderloin, a Gay Disco Rages,’ SF Gate, 13 May 2015.
181 ‘so authentic’: Mark Mardon, ‘Got Tubesteak?,’ Bay Area Reporter, 17 March 2005.
185 ‘The White Horse’: Jenny Hoyston, ‘The White Horse Is Bucking,’ performed by Erase Errata (Inconvenient Press and Recordings, 2003).
188 ‘a big ol’ boy…a bore’: Bill Motley, ‘Cruisin’ the Streets,’ performed by Boys Town Gang (Moby Dick Records, 1981).
188 ‘Too many bosses’: David Diebold, Tribal Rites: San Francisco Dance Music Phenomenon (Northridge, Calif.: Time Warp, 1988), 106.
188 ‘I thought I was at home’: Ibid., 111.
189 ‘hangout for…faint cologne’: Betty Pearl and Pansy, Betty & Pansy’s Severe Queer Review, 19.
Castells, Manuel. The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements. London: Edward Arnold, 1983.
Fischer, Hal. Gay Semiotics: A Photographic Study of Visual Coding among Homosexual Men. 1977. Reprint, Los Angeles: Cherry and Martin, 2015.
hooks, bell. ‘Choosing the Margin as a Space of Radical Openness.’ In Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. 1990. Reprint, New York: Routledge, 2015.
Jay, Karla, and Allen Young, eds. Lavender Culture. 1978. Reprint, New York: New York University Press, 1994.
Stimpson, Catharine R. ‘The Beat Generation and the Trials of Homosexual Liberation.’ Salmagundi, no. 58/59 (1982).
Timpson, John. Requiem for a Red Box. London: Pyramid Books, 1989.
195 ‘Because there was such a thing’: Eileen Myles, ‘Live Through That?!,’ in Live Through This! On Creativity and Self Destruction, ed. Sabrina Chapadjiev (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2008), 220.
198 ‘has emerged as a grittier’: Aric Chen, ‘Where the Club Boys Are,’ New York Times, 20 May 2007.
209 An article ran in The Independent: Lena Corner, ‘A Brush with Death: Why Britain’s Coolest Art and Fashion Names Have Rallied Around a Victim of Random Knife Crime,’ Independent, 30 August 2009.
210 groups of ‘Asian guys’: Rebecca Taylor, ‘Gay Londoners See Attacks Rise,’ Time Out, 21 April 2010, timeout.com (accessed 19 May 2020).
210 ‘The area’s already crawling’: Michelangelo Antonioni, Edward Bond and Tonino Guerra, Blow-Up, dir. Michelangelo Antonioni (Premier Productions/Carlo Ponti Production/MGM, 1966).
211 ‘East London has seen…their culture’: Johann Hari, Attitude, January 2011.
212 ‘like a homosexual’: ‘Killed—for Smiling,’ Gay News, 17 April 1980, Lesbian and Gay Newsmedia Archive, Bishopsgate Institute, London.
212–13 ‘Even if this unfortunate man’: ‘Man Who Killed with Karate Kick Is Freed,’ Guardian, 4 March 1980, ibid.
215 ‘clone-a-billies’: Shaun Cole, Don We Now Our Gay Apparel (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2000), 170.
215 ‘hard times’: Ibid., 174.
215 ‘Somehow the atmosphere’: Robert Elms, ‘Hard Times,’ The Face, September 1982.
215 ‘to flaunt your’: Sue Tilley, Leigh Bowery: The Life and Times of an Icon (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1997), 33.
215 ’no one was’: Ibid., 39.
217 ‘assembly line’: Peter Hall, ‘Industrial London: A General View,’ in Greater London, ed. J. T. Coppock and H. Prince (London: Faber, 1964), cited by Joanna Smith and Ray Rogers, Behind the Veneer: The South Shoreditch Furniture Trade and Its Buildings (London: English Heritage, 2006), 4.
218 ‘Has discos, fairly pricey’: East London & City Beer Guide (London: The Campaign for Real Ale, 1983).
218 ‘Used by gays’: East London & City Beer Guide (London: The Campaign for Real Ale, 1986).
218 ‘In fact, so dark were’: Derek Jarman, Modern Nature (New York: Vintage, 1991), 96.
218 ‘Ideal Friend’: J. R. Ackerley, My Father and Myself (1968; repr.: New York: New York Review Books, 1999), 174.
220 ‘Is not this conduct…simpler walk of life’: Harold Sturge opinion, Old Street Magistrates Court, November 1954, HO 345/7, National Archives, London.
221 ‘with shafts…at the London Apprentice’: Rupert Haselden, ‘Gay Abandon,’ Guardian, 7–8 September 1991.
224 ‘Those nights out’: Neil Bartlett, Ready to Catch Him Should He Fall (1990; repr., London: Serpent’s Tail, 2017), xii.
224 ‘I know there’s not always’: Ibid., 236.
224–25 ‘a challenge…one was looking for’: Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming-Pool Library (1988; repr., New York: Vintage, 2015), 246.
225 ’I acted out…he knew what I liked’: Ibid., 247.
225 ‘For 20 years’: Haselden, ‘Gay Abandon.’
226 ‘People look at’: Ibid.
226 ‘not a man’: ‘Skin & Bona: Interviews with Gay Skinheads,’ Square Peg, 1986.
226 ‘For me, the gays’: Murray Healy, Gay Skins (London: Cassell, 1996), 208.
226–27 ‘Who’s copying who here?’: Ibid., 190.
227 ‘remain an unidentifiable body’: Ibid., 8.
229 ‘I saw him riding around’: Jon Kelly, ‘Nicky Crane: The Secret Double Life of a Gay Neo-Nazi,’ BBC News Magazine, 6 December 2013.
230 ‘Camp, on the other hand…“perverse” angle?’: Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Epistemology of the Closet (1990; repr., Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 156.
231 ‘Behind the “straight” public sense’: Susan Sontag, ‘Notes on Camp,’ in Against Interpretation and Other Essays (New York: Penguin, 2009), 281.
231 ‘The Camp insistence’: Ibid., 290–91.
231 ‘In all their uses’: Susan Stewart, On Longing (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2007), 168.
231 ‘Where the dandy’: Sontag, ‘Notes on Camp,’ 289.
232 ‘No, no, no’: David S. Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography (1995; repr., New York: Vintage, 1996), 396.
232 ‘louche and pungent bouquet’: Eve Kosofksy Sedgwick, Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), 202.
233 ‘hang up my picture’: Walt Whitman, ‘Recorders Ages Hence,’ ‘Calamus 10’ (1860), in Leaves of Grass: A Textual Variorum of the Printed Poems, 1860–1867 (1980; repr., New York: New York University Press, 2008), 380.
235 ‘a poseur of truly colossal’: Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 161.
239 ‘Is Slumming’: James Granville Adderley, ‘Is Slumming Played Out?,’ English Illustrated Magazine, August 1893, cited by Seth Koven, Slumming: Sexual and Social Politics in Victorian London (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004), 6.
239 ‘to please others’: Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time, vol. 2, In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower, trans. James Grieve (London: Penguin, 2002), 253.
240 ‘the disquieting delights’: Ibid., 256.
Andersson, Johan. ‘East End Localism and Urban Decay: Shoreditch’s Re-Emerging Gay Scene.’ The London Journal 34, no. 1 (2009).
Bridge, Haydon. ‘The Mysterious East,’ QX, qxmagazine.com (accessed 19 May 2020).
Core, Philip. Camp: The Lie That Tells the Truth. Medford, N.J.: Plexus, 1984.
Eade, John. ‘Nationalism, Community, and the Islamization of Space in London.’ In Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe. Edited by Barbara Daly Metcalf. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
GALOP Third Annual Report: 1986–1987. London: The London Gay Policing Group, 1987.
Hari, Johann. ‘Can We Finally Talk about Muslim Homophobia in Britain?,’ Huffington Post, 24 February 2011, huffpost.com (accessed 19 May 2020).
Hennessy, Patrick, and Melissa Kite. ‘Poll Reveals 40pc of Muslims Want Sharia Law in UK.’ Telegraph, 19 February 2006.
Rowbotham, Sheila. Edward Carpenter: A Life of Liberty and Love. London: Verso, 2008.
Schaefer, Max. Children of the Sun. London: Granta, 2010.
Smith, Joanna, and Ray Rogers, Behind the Veneer: The South Shoreditch Furniture Trade and Its Buildings. London: English Heritage, 2006.
Wilson, Andrew. ‘The Love That Dare Dress How It Likes.’ Guardian, 20 April 1992.
245 ‘I was so nervous’: Simon Amstell, Simon Amstell: Set Free, dir. Julia Knowles (Netflix, 2019).
246 ‘In the queer world’: Michael Warner in conversation with Harry Kreisler, ‘Publics and Counterpublics,’ Conversations with History, University of California Television, 21 March 2018.
246 ‘You can end up’: Ben Walters, ‘Closing Time for Gay Pubs—A New Victim of London’s Soaring Property Prices,’ Guardian, 4 February 2015.
246 ‘they’re thrown into a pen’: Ryan Thaxton, ‘Gay Bars Were Never a Safe Space,’ Huffington Post, 28 June 2016, huffpost.com (accessed 19 May 2020).
260 ‘drag queens are catnip’: Marke B., ‘655 Tubesteak Connections—and Still Growing!,’ 48 Hills, 9 November 2016.
261 ‘Amusement under late capitalism…grooves of association’: Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer, ‘The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception,’ in Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John Cumming (London: Verso, 1979), 137.
270 ‘half as likely’: Gabriella Swerling, ‘Young People Are Far More Likely to Consider Themselves as Bisexual than Gay, New Data Reveals,’ Telegraph, 3 July 2019.
271 ‘a Trojan horse’: Amy Roberts, ‘We Fear the Joiners Arms Proposal Is a Trojan Horse Draped in a Rainbow Flag,’ Guardian, 9 August 2017.
272 ‘The pub was frequented’: Ian Giles, Trojan Horse Rainbow Flag (London: Hato Press, 2019).
273 clubbers now chose to dance: Tess Reidy, ‘Clubbing’s New Generation Want Good, Clean Fun, Not Hedonism,’ Observer, 4 March 2018.
275 ‘Places like Stonewall’: Ann Friedman, ‘Save This Eyesore,’ Los Angeles Times, 27 July 2016.
275 ‘For most conscious’: Don Kilhefner, letter to the editor, Los Angeles Times, 30 July 2016.
275 ‘The whole nostalgia’: Christopher Kane, ‘West Hollywood Divided over Fate of the Factory,’ Los Angeles Blade, 3 July 2018.
Brewster, Bill. ‘Interview: Ian Levine, Northern Soul Legend,’ DJ History, 1999, via redbullmusicacademy.com, 2016.
Massey, Doreen. Space, Place and Gender. 1994. Reprint, Cambridge, Eng.: Polity Press, 2007.
Quinlan, Hannah, and Rosie Hastings. UK Gay Bar Directory. London: Arcadia Missa, 2017.
Where a description of a person or group is not self-identification, it’s based on cultural and geographical context. Contemporary terms are not used for historical figures except as deliberate wordplay. Lingo is not always ideal or neutral, but reflects the experience of the moment.
Some further reading on lesbian, trans, inclusive queer sites—Mapping Desires: Geographies of Sexualities (Valentine/Bell, Routledge, 1995); Queers in Space: Communities, Public Places, Sites of Resistance (Ingram/Bouthillette/Retter, Bay Press, 1997); Queer Constellations: Subcultural Space in the Wake of the City (Chisholm, U of Minnesota Press, 2004); Planning and LGBTQ Communities: The Need for Inclusive Queer Spaces (Doan, Routledge, 2015); Queer Premises: LGBTQ+ venues and identities in London since the 1980s (Campkin, Zed / Bloomsbury Academic, 2021).