ENDNOTES

History of the Divine Feminine

“Men, in fact, had very limited …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 11.

“The earliest calculations of goddess worship …”—M. Esther Harding. Woman’s Mysteries: Ancient and Modern (Boston: Shambhala, 1971).

“These early societies also modeled …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 12.

“The subsequent Neolithic era produced some …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 13.

“This period is also interesting in that it …”—Joseph Campbell. Goddesses: Mysteries of the Divine Feminine (Novato, CA: Joseph Campbell Foundation, 2013), 3–6.

“Possibly as a result, the images …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 12.

“This shows the functionality and structure …”—D. J. Conway, Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 11.

“These figurines emphasize …”—Joseph Campbell. Goddesses: Mysteries of the Divine Feminine (Novato, CA: Joseph Campbell Foundation, 2013), 7–8.

“The word goddess itself starts …”—Oxford English Dictionary, online edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), “goddess, n.1,” http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/11125.

“What was once limited to strictly …”—Joseph Campbell. Goddesses: Mysteries of the Divine Feminine (Novato, CA: Joseph Campbell Foundation, 2013), 16–17.

“This continued to sustain …”—Joseph Campbell. Goddesses: Mysteries of the Divine Feminine (Novato, CA: Joseph Campbell Foundation, 2013), 5–6.

“Temples have been around since …”—Joseph Campbell. Goddesses: Mysteries of the Divine Feminine (Novato, CA: Joseph Campbell Foundation, 2013), 5.

“A female high priestess known …”—C. Scott Littleton. “The Pneuma Enthusiastikon: On the Possibility of Hallucinogenic ‘Vapors’ at Delphi and Dodona,” Ethos 14, no. 1 (1986): 76–91, http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.fgcu.edu/stable/639992.

“That prophetic trance is popularly …”—“The Pneuma Enthusiastikon: On the Possibility of Hallucinogenic ‘Vapors’ at Delphi and Dodona,” Ethos 14, no. 1 (1986): 76–91, http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.fgcu.edu/stable/639992.

“However, research has shown that …”—Joseph Fontenrose. Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and Its Origins (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959).

“Matriarchal societies provided so many …” D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 13–14.

“Given the nature of female-oriented …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 14.

Seasonal Celebrations of the Goddesses

“The spring equinox takes place …”—Gregory McNamee. “Solstice vs. Equinox.” Virginia Quarterly Review 90, no. 3 (2014): 205. Academic OneFile.

“In fact, the word Easter is …”—Ross Shepard Kraemer. Her Share of the Blessings: Women’s Religions among Pagans, Jews, and Christians in the Greco-Roman World. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

“The tradition of Beltane, or May Day, comes …”—R. Sermon. “The Celtic Calendar and the English Year.” Mankind Quarterly, 40(4) (2000), 401–420.

“It symbolizes the coming of summer …”—R. Sermon. (2000). “About Beltane Fire Festival: What Is Beltane?” Beltane.org. Accessed March 1, 2019, https://beltane.org/about/about-beltane/.

“Celebrated throughout Scotland and Ireland …”—R. Sermon (2000). “About Beltane Fire Festival: What Is Beltane?” Beltane.org. Accessed March 1, 2019, https://beltane.org/about/about-beltane/.

“May bushes, which were normally …”—R. Sermon (2000). “About Beltane Fire Festival: What Is Beltane?” Beltane.org. Accessed March 1, 2019, https://beltane.org/about/about-beltane/.

“The summer solstice is recognized …”—Gregory McNamee. “Solstice vs. Equinox.” Virginia Quarterly Review 90, no. 3 (2014): 205. Academic OneFile.

“Autumn is another transitional point …”—Gregory McNamee. “Solstice vs. Equinox.” Virginia Quarterly Review 90, no. 3 (2014): 205. Academic OneFile.

“Samhain comes halfway between …”—Geo Athena Trevarthen. “The Celtic Origins of Halloween Transcend Fear.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum 90, no. 3 (2010). Academic OneFile.

“It typically starts on …”— Geo Athena Trevarthen. “The Celtic Origins of Halloween Transcend Fear.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum 90, no. 3 (2010). Academic OneFile.

“Halloween actually has its origin …”—Geo Athena Trevarthen. “The Celtic Origins of Halloween Transcend Fear.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum 90, no. 3 (2010). Academic OneFile.

“Interestingly, for this holiday …”— Geo Athena Trevarthen. “The Celtic Origins of Halloween Transcend Fear.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum 90, no. 3 (2010). Academic OneFile.

“Samhain realizes that cycle that …”— Geo Athena Trevarthen. “The Celtic Origins of Halloween Transcend Fear.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum 90, no. 3 (2010). Academic OneFile.

“The study of mythology …”—H. R. Ellis Davidson. God and Myths of Northern Europe (New York: Penguin Books, 1990).

Maiden, Mother, Wise Woman

“It is believed that European pantheons observed …”—M. Esther Harding. Woman’s Mysteries: Ancient and Modern (Boston: Shambhala, 1971).

“In the original model of …”—Natalie Baan. “Virgin Mother Crone: Myths and Mysteries of the Triple Goddess.” Parabola 19, no. 2 (1994). Academic OneFile. Accessed March 1, 2019, http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.fgcu.edu/apps/doc/A15256411/AONE?u=gale15690&sid=AONE&xid=c222c7c9.

“She is the beginning of life …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 21.

“Referring back to when the aspects …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 23.

“The Maiden aspect is curious …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 24.

“As is often the case with youth, the Maiden …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 22.

“Another name by which the Maiden …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 22.

“She is a protectress of the …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 32.

“An all-female priesthood of nineteen …”—Anneli Rufus and Kristan Lawson. Goddess Sites: Europe (New York: HarperCollins, 1991).

“In her characterization, she is …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 33.

“She is associated with the …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 36.

“This aspect of the Triple Goddess …”—D. J. Conway. Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth and Reality of the Triple Goddess (Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1994), 5.

Evolution of the Evening Star

“You will find it on numerous …”—W. J. Hinke. A New Boundary Stone of Nebuchadrezzar I from Nippur with a Concordance of Proper Names and a Glossary of the Kudurru Inscriptions Thus Far Published (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1907).

“Anahita was the Persian goddess …”—Mary Boyce. “Anāhīd.” Encyclopædia Iranica. Accessed March 9, 2019, http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/anahid.

“Lakshmi is associated with the …”—George M. Williams. Handbook of Hindu Mythology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 128.

“In her myth, she chose …”—James G. Lochtefeld. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A–M (New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2002).

“Many rituals are still performed in …”—James G. Lochtefeld. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A–M (New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2002).

“Astarte was associated with the …”—Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, “Astarte.” Encyclopedia Britannica. Accessed March 6, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Astarte.

“She is a Mesopotamian version …”—Merlin Stone. When God Was a Woman (New York: Mariner Books, 1978).

“She helps her devotees and …”—Merlin Stone. When God Was a Woman (New York: Mariner Books, 1978).

“Her sacred flower is the …”—Raphael Patai. The Hebrew Goddess (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990), 59.

“Inanna was a Mesopotamian (specifically …”—Susan Ackerman. Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2006).

“There was a large temple …”—Merlin Stone. When God Was a Woman (New York: Mariner Books, 1978).

“Inanna bestowed blessings of love …”—Susan Ackerman. Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2006).

“Occasionally, certain honored priestesses would …”—Merlin Stone. When God Was a Woman (New York: Mariner Books, 1978).

“To her who appears in …”—Ev Cochrane. The Many Faces of Venus: The Planet Venus in Ancient Myth and Religion (Ames, IA: Aeon Publishing, 1997).

“Inanna is also known for …”—Susan Ackerman. Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2006).

“Ishtar was a much-loved Babylonian …”—Robert A. Wilson. Ishtar Rising: Or, Why the Goddess Went to Hell and What to Expect Now That She’s Returning (New York: New Falcon Publications, 1988).

“She held forth the tenets …”—Robert A. Wilson. Ishtar Rising: Or, Why the Goddess Went to Hell and What to Expect Now That She’s Returning (New York: New Falcon Publications, 1988).

“She, too, was seen as …”—Nineveh Shadrach. Codex of Love: Reflections from the Heart of Ishtar (New York: Ishtar Publishing, 2005).

“Along with her consort, Tammuz …”—Robert A. Wilson. Ishtar Rising: Or, Why the Goddess Went to Hell and What to Expect Now That She’s Returning (New York: New Falcon Publications, 1988).

“Isis is a popular iteration …”—Margot Adler. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today, revised and expanded edition (New York: Beacon Press, 1986).

“She was associated with the …”—Margot Adler. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today, revised and expanded edition (New York: Beacon Press, 1986).

“In the myth, Isis travels” …—Jaime Alvar. Romanising Oriental Gods: Myth, Salvation, and Ethics in the Cults of Cybele, Isis, and Mithras (Boston: Brill, 2008).

“With Inanna, she retrieves Dumuzi after …”—Jaime Alva., Romanising Oriental Gods: Myth, Salvation, and Ethics in the Cults of Cybele, Isis, and Mithras (Boston: Brill, 2008).

“Aphrodite was associated with the …”—Jeremy Black and Anthony Green. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary (London: British Museum Press, 1992).

“A goddess of beauty, romance …”—Jeremy Black and Anthony Green. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary (London: British Museum Press, 1992).

“Many paintings depict her either …”—Caroline Arscott and Katie Scott. Manifestations of Venus: Art and Sexuality (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2000).

“Temples of Aphrodite abounded including …”—Joseph Campbell. Occidental Mythology: The Masks of God (New York: Penguin, 1991).

“It has stood since the …”—Joseph Campbell. Occidental Mythology: The Masks of God (New York: Penguin, 1991).

“Freja was a Norse goddess …”—Hilda Ellis Davidson. Roles of the Northern Goddess, (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 1998).

“She was a governess of …”—Hilda Ellis Davidson. Roles of the Northern Goddess (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 1998).

“Married to the god Odin …”—Hilda Ellis Davidson. Roles of the Northern Goddess (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 1998).

“The goddess was thought to …”—M. Beard, S. Price, and J. North. Religions of Rome. Volume 1: A History, Illustrated (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

“She also was known to …”—M. Beard, S. Price, and J. North. Religions of Rome. Volume 1: A History, Illustrated (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

“In the Aeneid, the hero …”—Virgil, The Aeneid (New York: Vintage Books, 1993).

“The author, Virgil, also cites …”—Virgil, The Aeneid (New York: Vintage Books, 1993).

“Some accounts of the goddess …”—Clysta Kinstler. The Moon under Her Feet (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1983).

“She was thought by some …”—George Henry Tavard. The Thousand Faces of the Virgin Mary (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1996).

“She was thought to have …”—George Henry Tavard. The Thousand Faces of the Virgin Mary (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1996).

“Some believe her apprentice Mari …”—George Henry Tavard. The Thousand Faces of the Virgin Mary (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1996).

“Although associated with the Evening …”—George Henry Tavard. The Thousand Faces of the Virgin Mary (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1996).

SHE of Clay and Stars

“The great goddess can change …”—Anton Ehrenzweig. The Hidden Order of Art (London: University of California Press, Ltd.,1971).

Geography of the Goddess

“According to the Finns, Luonnotar …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 86.

“The Slavs were so steeped in …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 88–89.

“The Celts venerated Nantosuelta, goddess …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 90–91.

“They also embodied the concept …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 90.

“In Fon creation stories, Yewa is …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 114.

“A goddess in Fon creation …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 114.

“The Yoruba people are called …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 115.

“In ancient China, Nu Wa was …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 46.

“Hsi Wang-Mu, also known …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 47.

“In an interesting Indian–Chinese …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 47.

“Uzume was the Shinto goddess …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 50.

“Amaterasu is the goddess of …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 50.

“Benten was the goddess of …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 51.

“Native North Americans are a …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 95.

“The Caribou Inuit people in …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 95.

“One of their most significant …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 96.

“Native peoples who inhabited the …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 100.

“In this same region, the …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 100.

“All throughout North and Central …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 96.

“The Navajo in the Southwest …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 104.

“The Aztec in Central America …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 109.

“The worship of gods and …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 95.

“Mama Kilya was beloved …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 110.

“She also was called a …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 110.

“It was believed that when …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 110.

“Chaska-Qoylor was a star deity …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 111.

“The climate in South America …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 95.

“Pacha Mama was an earth …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 110.

“She was called the giver …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 110.

“In Australia, origin stories and tales …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 119.

“The Yolngu people passed along …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 121.

“Hine-Te-Wauin was the Polynesian goddess …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 122.

“The Maori called their Mother …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 122.

“Pele was the fire and volcano …”—Philip Wilkinson. Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology (New York: DK Publishing, 2006), 123.

Inner Temple

“For example, in the Sanctuary …”—Anneli Rufus and Kristan Lawson. Goddess Sites: Europe (New York: HarperCollins, 1991.)

“At certain points in history …”—Emma Mildon. Evolution of the Goddess (New York: Enliven Books/Atria, 2018), 74.

“In those villages, all the women …”—Emma Mildo. Evolution of the Goddess (New York: Enliven Books/Atria, 2018), 73–74.

“They would be attended to …”—Emma Mildon. Evolution of the Goddess ( New York: Enliven Books/Atria, 2018), 74.

“Physiologically, that is because at …”—Kathy Maupin. The Secret Female Hormone (New York: Hay House. 2015).

Goddess Meditations and Activities

“Water helps everything in the …”—F. Batmanghelidj. Your Body’s Many Cries for Water (Falls Church: Global Health Solutions, Inc., 2008).