1 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington, DC), May 24, 1865.
2 Ibid.
3 Walt Whitman. “Return of the Heroes,” The Patriotic Poems of Walt Whitman (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1918).
4 Ulysses S. Grant. Personal Memoirs of US Grant (New York: Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86), Volume Two, Chapter LXX.
5 National Archives and Record Administration (NARA), Record Group (RG) 94, M619, Letters Received by the Office of the Adjutant General, Main Series, 1861–1870. The scans of the pass, both front and back, as well as the envelope that contained it, were obtained from the National Archives and are located in a vault reserved for primary source documents deemed authentic. For the particulars of the pass and its final authentication, see the appendix.
6 Quote attributed to President Andrew Johnson when he refused to accept the clemency petition that would have spared the life of Mary Surratt.
7 Herman Melville. The Martyr, from Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1866).
8 Edward Steers Jr. Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), p. 214.
9 NARA, Letters to the Adj. General: Ulysses S. Grant to Secretary Edwin Stanton. May 27, 1865. Lloyd Papers: Enclosure 16.
10 Elizabeth D. Leonard. Lincoln’s Avengers: Justice, Revenge and Reunion after the Civil War (New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2004). p. 79.
11 A. A. Hosmer to Secretary Stanton, May 30, 1865, Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 39.
12 Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, February 22, 24, 25; March 4, 7, 14; June 10, 1865.
13 Caleb Atwater. Writings of Caleb Atwater (Columbus: published by the author, 1833), p. 18.
14 John E. Kleber, ed. The Encyclopedia of Louisville. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), p. 584.
15 Louisville Council Minutes, July 16, 1832.
16 Atwater, p. 186.
17 Louisville Public Advertiser, May 21, 1830.
18 Edward Le Roy Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy, from “Daddy” Rice to Date (New York City, NY, 1911), p. 8.
19 Rice, p. 24.
20 Rice, p. 7.
21 Kleber, p. 640. See also Eric Lott, Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 22. Dale Cockrell, Demons of Disorder, Early Blackface Minstrels and Their World (Cambridge University Press, July 28, 1997), p. 93.
22 Louisville Public Advertiser, December 31, 1830.
23 NARA: Confederate Papers Relating to Citizens or Business Firms (Confederate Citizens File), 1861–1865. Record Group (RG) 109—Lloyd, William Alvin. Letter from Colonel William S. Rockwell to W. H. Taylor, February 17, 1862.
24 “The Maroon Book,” p. 1, Bullitt County History website. Bullitt County Genealogical Society, Mt. Washington, October 14, 1838.
25 The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, London’s Central Criminal Court, 1674 to 1913. John Lloyd, 1727.
26 History of Men’s Clothing (Geneva, New York: Geneva Historical Society, 2013).
27 Atwater, p. 109.
28 Bullitt letter.
29 Benjamin Cassaday. The History of Louisville From its Earliest Settlement to the Year 1852 (Louisville: Hull & Brothers, 1852), p. 65.
30 Ibid.
31 Louisville Daily Advertiser, March 5, 1841.
32 Cassaday, p. 185.
33 Louisville City Directory, 1832.
34 Filson Historical Society: Louisville. Protestant Episcopal Orphan Asylum Records, 1835–1924.
35 Louisville Journal, August 23, 1846.
36 William L. Slout, ed. Burnt Cork and Tambourines : A Source Book of Negro Minstrelsy (San Bernardino, California: The Borgo Press, 1995), p. 166. T. Allston Brown. “Early History of Negro Minstrelsy: Its Rise and Progress in the United States” (New York Clipper), Jan. 11, 1913, p. 1.
37 Thomas Allston Brown, 1836–1918, was dubbed “Colonel” by the press. He liked the sound of it, and kept it. Alvin Lloyd told people that he too, was a colonel, and the press—at least some of them—believed him. See also Slout, Burnt Cork and Tambourines, p. 166.
38 William J. Mahar, Behind the Burnt Cork Mask (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1998), p. 363. New York Herald, March 21, 1845, and June 19, 1845; Mississippi Free Trader & Natchez Gazette, January 17, 1846; New York Clipper, April 13, 1912.
39 Weekly Nashville Union, April 30, 1845, and May 7, 1845; New York Herald, May 24, 1845, June 14, 1845, and June 19, 1845; Weekly Nashville Union, December 3, 1845; Mississippi Free Trader & Natchez Gazette, January 3, 1846, January 13, 1846, and January 17, 1846; Weekly Nashville Union, October 21, 1846; The Mississippian, December 8, 1846; New Orleans Times-Picayune, December 18 and 19, 1846; Nashville Union, February 17, 1847.
40 New Orleans Times-Picayune, December 24 and 25, 1846.
41 Trenton State Gazette (New Jersey), February 25, 1847, citing the St. Louis Reveille of unknown date; Weekly Nashville Union, February 17 and 24, 1847.
42 William Osborne. Music in Ohio (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2004), p. 411; Jasen and Jones, Spreadin’ Rhythm Around: Black Popular Songwriters, 1880–1930 (New York: Routledge Press, 2005), p. 4. Ken Emerson, Doo-Dah! Stephen Foster and the Rise of American Popular Culture (Da Capo Press paperback edition, 1997), p.127.
43 New Orleans Times-Picayune, April 11, 15, 22, and 27, 1847; May 2, 1847; and June 4, 5, 9, 13, 19, 20, 1847. Cleveland Herald, September 23 and 25, 1847. Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 25, 1847.
44 Mississippi Free Trader & Natchez Gazette, January 22, 1848.
45 The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism, and Their Applications to Human Welfare. Vol. VII, March 1849 to January 1850. (London: Hippolyte Bailliere Publisher, 1850), p. 148; John Stewart, Confederate Spies at Large (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2007), pp. 143, 144, 146.
46 Walter Barlow Stevens. St. Louis, The Fourth City (St. Louis: S. J. Clarke Publishing, 1911), p. 120.
47 William Hyde and Howard L. Conard. Encyclopedia of the History of St. Louis (New York, Louisville: The Southern History Company, 1899), p. 1742.
48 New Orleans Times-Picayune, October 21, 1849.
49 New Orleans Times-Picayune, October 22, 1849.
50 New Orleans Times-Picayune, October 23, 1849.
51 New Orleans Times-Picayune, October 26, 27, 28, 1849.
52 New Orleans Times-Picayune, October 30, 1849.
53 New Orleans Times-Picayune, November 2, 5, 12, 13, 15, 19, 23, 1849.
54 New York Clipper, January 11, 1913, p. 1.
55 1850 census, St. Louis, September 14 and October 7.
56 1850 census, St. Louis. Daily Democratic State Journal (Sacramento), July 3, 1855; Sacramento Daily Union, July 6, 1855, in sequence until October 5, 1855.
57 The Mississippian, December 20, 1850; Mississippi Free Trader & Natchez Gazette, December 27 and 28, 1850.
58 The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, November 15, 1852, p. 3. The article tells the story of Dick running off with another man’s wife. For his false pretenses morning up before Alderman Lewis in Pittsburgh, see the same paper, October 6, 1858, p. 3. There are several other stories of Dick’s transgressions—bilking printers in St. Louis, and so on. Sliter’s last performance was with Alvin Lloyd’s stepbrother, Johnny Booker, and he died in Jackson, Mississippi, in May 1861.
59 Nashville Union & American, October 30, 1857.
60 Cool White’s real name was John Hodges. Colonel T. Allston Brown wrote that he was known as the “renowned Shakespearian jester.”
61 New Orleans Times-Picayune, January 2, 5 and 7, 1851.
62 New York Clipper, August 1, 1891.
63 Brown, “Early History of Negro Minstrelsy,” New York Clipper, January 11, 1913, p. 1.
64 Kentucky Tribune, January 2, 1852, p. 3.
65 Confederate Citizens File.
66 Robert C. Reinders, End of an Era: New Orleans, 1850–1860 (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, 1994), p. 228.
67 This blurb, and the first ad in the new series, appeared in the Louisville Daily Democrat of February 25, 1852.
68 A reference to the character of Modus, a shy, bookish, Latin scholar in the popular play The Hunchback by James Sheridan Knowles.
69 New Orleans Times-Picayune, November 20, 1853, p. 2; New Orleans Daily Crescent, November 21, 1853, p. 1.
70 Kentucky Tribune, November 11, 1853.
71 New Orleans Daily Crescent, May 13, 1853, p. 2, and November 21, 1853, p. 3; Richmond Daily Dispatch, November 29, 1853, p. 1.
72 New Orleans Daily Crescent, November 21, 1853, p. 3.
73 New Orleans Times-Picayune, November 20, 1853; New Orleans Daily Crescent, November 21, 1853, p. 3.
74 Richmond Daily Dispatch, June 29, 1853, describing the fare aboard the steamer Robert J. Ward, at about this time.
75 New Orleans Daily Crescent, November 23, 1853, p. 4.
76 New Orleans Daily Crescent, November 21, 1853, p. 3; New Orleans Times-Picayune, November 23, 1853, p. 2.
77 New Orleans Daily Crescent, November 25 and December 22, 1853.
78 New Orleans Times-Picayune, January 12, 1854, p. 3.
79 New Orleans Daily Crescent, January 12, 1854, p. 1.
80 New Orleans Daily Crescent, January 20, 1854, p. 3.
81 New York Daily Times, June 30, 1854. By 1856, Alvin would be renting a room in the Madison House across the river in Covington, Kentucky. Where he was actually residing in 1854 is not known.
82 Cincinnati city directories.
83 Philadelphia Inquirer, February 18, 1857. Charles Rhodes was then thirty-five, a Rhode Island native long in Philadelphia, well known as a publisher, printer, and broker; Lambert A. Wilmer, Our Press Gang or, a Complete Exposition of the Corruptions and Crimes of the American Newspapers (Philadelphia: J. T. Lloyd, 1860). Author and journalist Wilmer’s defense of J. T. Lloyd’s alleged “persecutions” and numerous, unwarranted arrests makes for great, colorful reading, offering a peek though the window at fisticuff journalism. Even though Lloyd was Lambert’s publisher, Lambert claims no prejudice. See “The Case of James T. Lloyd” in Lambert’s book, pp. 282–99.
84 New York Daily Times, June 30, 1854.
85 Ibid.
86 Ibid.
87 Cincinnati Gazette, October 31, 1854, reproduced in the Washington Evening Star of November 3, 1854, p. 2.
88 Daily Nashville True Whig, July 11 1855, p. 4.
89 Philadelphia Inquirer, May 21 and June 4, 1855; New Albany Daily Ledger, June 14, 1855.
90 New Albany Daily Ledger, February 13, 1856; Boston Herald, October 14, 1856.
91 For the episode with Potter, see the New York Clipper, January 11, 1913, p. 1. For the information on the Steamboat and Railroad Directory, see the New Orleans Times-Picayune and the New Orleans Daily Crescent, January 9, 1857, and various editions until February 25.
92 New Orleans Times-Picayune, February 27, 1858. It does not appear that Alvin served time for this attempted killing of Mackey.
93 North American & United States Gazette, June 1, 2, and 4, 1858; New Orleans Times-Picayune, June 12, 1858.
94 Louisville Daily Democrat, July 7, 1858. New York Evening Express, November 17, 1858: “Bridgeport, Ct., 12 instant, Mr. Wm A. Lloyd to Miss Virginia Higgins, of Brooklyn.”
95 Louisville Daily Courier, June 8 and July 14, 1859.
96 Louisville Daily Courier, July 14, 1859; Louisville Daily Democrat, July 16, 1859.
97 1860 and 1870 censuses. Union Soldiers’ Service Records: Shaw, George T., Kentucky marriages and deaths.
98 New York Herald, October 4, 1859, births.
99 Ibid.
100 British Library online.
101 Encyclopaedia Britannica.
102 NARA, Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13, testimony of T.H.S. Boyd, June 3, 1865. This quote comes from Lloyd documents in the National Archives that comprise Enclosure 13, vital records that will evidence the many contradictions in time, place, and circumstances throughout the Civil War. During the course of the war, Alvin kept a diary, or so he said. In June 1865, midway through his claim against the US government, this diary was accidentally destroyed, or so Alvin said. But there were some pages left from this purported diary, and these will be seen throughout the course of this book. Due to the destruction of this diary, Enoch Totten the lawyer asked Lloyd to compile a detailed reconstruction of his movements during the Civil War. The reconstruction was presented to the War Department in July 1865, and forms Enclosure 13 in the Lloyd Papers. Often, as will be seen, the information in Enclosure 13 differs from that to be found in the saved pages of the original diary. So henceforth, when relevant, we will reference Enclosure 13.
103 NARA, Lloyd Papers, Boyd testimony, June 3, 1865. Censuses for 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1900.
104 NARA, Lloyd Papers: testimony of Nellie Dooley, June 3, 1865.
105 Heaton Norris, Cheshire, baptisms, marriages, and burials. St. Michael, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancaster marriages. 1850 and 1860 censuses for Fall River, Bristol Co., Massachusetts. 1870 and 1900 censuses for Providence, Rhode Island. Records of the Training School for Nurses, Orange Memorial Hospital, New Jersey. Attleboro, Massachusetts, marriage records, 1880. Providence city directories, 1902–1916. Providence death records, 1916.
106 Abraham Lincoln’s inaugural speech, March 4, 1861.
107 Home Journal article, reproduced in the Daily Scioto Gazette (Chillicothe, Ohio), August 3, 1852; Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, August 18, 1852; Boston Daily Atlas, August 25, 1852.
108 Memphis Appeal, April 27, 1860.
109 Louisville Daily Courier, December 17, 1860.
110 Cleveland Morning Leader, December 28, 1860, p. 2.
111 W. Alvin Lloyd’s Southern Steamboat and Railroad Guide, December 1860, January and February 1861; New York Herald, December 10, 1860.
112 Ibid.
113 NARA: Lloyd Papers: Enclosures 53–66: Railroad passes. David L. Bright’s Confederate Railroads website: csa-railroads.com.
114 New York Herald, February 19 and 20, 1861. 1860 census. Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy, p. 141.
115 New York Herald, March 4, 1861.
116 For opening night at Niblo’s, see the New York Herald, March 27, 28, 29, and 30, and April 1, 1861. For selected but typical reviews, see the same paper, April 2, 4, 8, and 18, 1861. For Jerry Bryant’s funeral, see the New York Clipper article on Lloyd, January 11, 1913.
117 New York Clipper, May 1861, and Brown, “Early History of Negro Minstrelsy,” New York Clipper, January 11, 1913.
118 Slout, p. 83.
119 New York Clipper, January 11, 1913.
120 New York Herald, July 6, 1861, p. 5.
121 Confederate Citizens File. Letter from William Alvin Lloyd to Robert E. Lee, November 15, 1862; NARA, M619, Record Group (RG) 94. Letters Received by the Office of the Adjutant General (Lloyd Papers), William Alvin Lloyd to Adjutant General Samuel Cooper, February 21, 1862, Enclosure 6.
122 New York Herald, July 6, 1861, p. 5.
123 New York Herald, July 4, 1861, p. 5.
124 New York City Census, 1860.
125 Slout, p. 83.
126 Daily National Intelligencer, July 2, 1861, p. 3.
127 NARA, William A. Lloyd to Jefferson Davis, January 9, 1862. RG 109, Letters Received by the Secretary of War, 9519-1862.
128 Sun (Baltimore), February 27, 1861.
129 James Mackay. Allan Pinkerton: The Eye Who Never Slept (Edinburgh and London: Mainstream Publishing, 1996), pp. 102–5.
130 Morgan Dix. Memoirs of John Adams Dix: Compiled by his Son (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1883), Vol. 11, p. 19.
131 George Templeton Strong. The Diary of George Templeton Strong, Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1952), vol. 3, Diary entry, July 15, 1861, p. 164.
132 Strong Diary, July 8, 1861 entry.
133 Marguerite Spalding Geery, ed. Through Five Administrations, Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook (New York & London: Harper & Brothers 1883), p. 16.
134 Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State: A Memoir of His Life, with selections from his letters, 1861–1872 (New York: Derby and Miller, 149 Church Street, 1891), p. 530.
135 Helen Nicolay. John Nicolay, Lincoln’s Secretary (New York: Longmans, Green & Company, 1949), p. 84; Stoddard, “White House Sketches, No. II,” New York Citizen, August 25, 1866. See also, Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard, Michael Burlingame, ed. (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), p. xi (author’s intro), p.14.
136 Noah Brooks. Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), p. 84.
137 Ibid. Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 20. See Appendix for Lincoln pass particulars.
138 Louisville Daily Courier, July 15, 1861, p. 4, and July 16, 1861, p. 3.; boatnerd.com/swayze/shipwreck/m.htm.
139 Louisville Daily Journal, July 20, 1861, p. 2.
140 Louisville Daily Democrat, July 16, 1861, p. 2; Louisville Daily Courier, July 15, 1861, p. 4.
141 Louisville Daily Journal, July 15, 1861, p. 2.
142 Daily Louisville Democrat, July 16, 1861, p. 2.
143 Daily Louisville Democrat, July 15, 1861, p. 4.
144 Daily Louisville Democrat, July 16, 1861, p. 2.
145 Louisville Daily Journal, July 16, 1861, p. 3.
146 Elizabeth D. Leonard, Lincoln’s Forgotten Ally: Judge Advocate Joseph Holt of Kentucky (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), p. 146.
147 Charles Dickens. The Works of Charles Dickens (New York: Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square, 1877), Vol. 8, p. 351.
148 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
149 Ibid.
150 Ibid.
151 Ibid.
152 NARA, RG 109, Letters Received by the Secretary of War, L-369, William Alvin Lloyd to Jefferson Davis, July 18, 1861.
153 Lloyd Papers, Charles T. Moore deposition, June 30, 1865.
154 Ibid.
155 Death of Ernest P. Lloyd, New York Herald, June 2, 1863.
156 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13: “Left July 23.” Which railroad line it was, the precise time of leaving Canton, how long the trip was, and which stops were made en route are from the train schedules published at that time in the newspapers.
157 W. C. Corsan. Two Months in the Confederate States, Benjamin H. Trask, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996). This book gives an evocative description of the Mississippi countryside in the area Alvin was passing through.
158 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Brookhaven today is the county seat of Lincoln County, but when Alvin traveled through it was part of Lawrence County. Lincoln County was not formed until 1870.
159 1860 New Orleans Census.
160 Lloyd Papers, Enclosures 53–66.
161 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
162 The biographical material on the Browners is from New York censuses and from the Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
163 David Bright, Confederate Railroads.
164 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
165 Ibid.
166 Ibid.
167 David Bright, Confederate Railroads.
168 Ibid.
169 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
170 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 34.
171 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
172 Records of the United States Court of Claims (selected documents from General Jurisdiction Case N. 6329, William A. Lloyd Case). Statement of T.H.S. Boyd, November 30, 1872. Hereafter referred to as the Court of Claims Papers.
173 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
174 Ibid.
175 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 44.
176 Lloyd Papers, Enclosures 47–52.
177 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
178 Corey Recko. A Spy for the Union: The Life and Execution of Timothy Webster (Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2013), p. 110.
179 Arch Frederic Blakey, General John H. Winder, C.S.A., p. 201.
180 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 44.
181 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
182 Ibid.
183 Lloyd Papers, Statement of Virginia V. Lloyd, July 18, 1865.
184 Ibid.
185 Ibid.
186 Ibid.
187 US Court of Claims Papers, 1872, Statement of Virginia Lloyd, November 15, 1872.
188 Clarksville Chronicle, September 6, 1861.
189 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
190 Ibid.
191 Ibid.
192 Library of Congress, Confederate States Army Records (Pickett Papers), vol. 46, frames 13982-84.
193 Library of Congress, Confederate States Army Records (Pickett Papers), vol. 46, frames 13979-80.
194 US Court of Claims Papers, Statement of T.H.S. Boyd, November 30 and December 7, 1872.
195 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 11.
196 Confederate Soldier Service Records: Boyd, T.H.S.
197 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
198 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 42.
199 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. David Bright, Confederate Railroads.
200 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
201 Daily Nashville Patriot, October 3, 1861.
202 Daily Nashville Patriot, September 27 and 28, 1861.
203 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Daily Nashville Patriot, October 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10, 1861.
204 Daily Nashville Patriot, October 9, 1861.
205 Lloyd Papers, Letters Received by the Secretary of War, 9519-1862. Letter from W. Alvin Lloyd to Jefferson Davis, January 9, 1862.
206 Daily Nashville Patriot, October 15, 1861.
207 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. US Court of Claims Papers, testimony of Virginia V. Lloyd, November 15, 1872.
208 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
209 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. David Bright, Confederate Railroads. Daily Register (Raleigh), November 2, 1861.
210 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
211 Ibid.
212 Confederate Citizens File, Col. W. S. Rockwell to Capt. W. H. Taylor, February 17, 1862.
213 Mississippi Marriages Index, 1800-1911. Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
214 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
215 Ibid.
216 Orleans Parish, Louisiana, Justice of the Peace, Marriage Licenses, 1846–1880. Vol. 11, July 16, 1861–October 26, 1861.
217 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
218 Ibid.
219 Lloyd Papers, Enclosures 13 and 44.
220 Ibid.
221 Ibid.
222 Ibid.
223 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Dave Bright, Confederate Railroads.
224 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Memphis Daily Appeal, December 8, 1861.
225 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
226 Today in Civil War History: Michael Wilkins. Examiner.com.
227 Jacqueline Jones. Saving Savannah, The City and the Civil War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008), pp. 137–38.
228 Daily Morning News (Savannah), December 11, 1861; Jones, Saving Savannah, p. 132.
229 Daily Morning News (Savannah), December 2, 1861.
230 Charleston Mercury, December 14, 1861. Macon Telegraph, December 13 and 14, 1861. Daily Constitutionalist (Augusta, Ga.), December 13, 1861.
231 Daily Morning News, Savannah, and reproduced in all the Southern papers at precisely this time.
232 Lloyd Papers, Lloyd diary, Enclosure 44.
233 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
234 Mrs. Elizabeth Morse and her husband, Lorenzo B. Morse, along with his brother, Horace, had bought the Gibbons House the year before; Daily Morning News (Savannah), January 3, 1861.
235 1860 Census. Joseph Gaston Baillie Bulloch. A History and Genealogy of the Habersham Family (Columbia, South Carolina: The R.L. Bryan Co, 1901), p. 38. Proceedings of the Grand Lodge, 1871, p. 78.
236 Lloyd Papers, diary pages, Enclosures 45–52.
237 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
238 Adelaide Wilson. Historic and Picturesque Savannah. Illustrations by Georgia Weymouth. “Published for Subscribers by the Boston Photogravure Company,” 1887.
239 John S. Billings, Assistant Surgeon United States Army. Report on the Barracks and Hospitals of the United States Army, Surgeon General’s Office, Washington, DC, December 1, 1870, p. 142.
240 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Waring Russell had been appointed keeper in 1859. See Daily Morning News (Savannah), October 15, 1859.
241 Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, p. 409; Charles Olmstead, “Savannah in the ’40s.” Georgia Historical Quarterly, September 1917; Wilson, Historic and Picturesque Savannah, p. 169.
242 Expense sheets for Chatham County Jail, which give the names of prisoners, dates of in and out, an explanation of Waring Russell, and how jailer Russell and others billed the government. Confederate Citizen’s File. RG 109, NARA. See: Waring Russell, expenses, March 1862.
243 Much of the following was described to author Jane Singer in an interview with Hugh Golson.
244 Golson. Confederate Citizens File, Waring Russell Expenses.
245 Golson.
246 Francis Lieber letter #8, Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 11.
247 Ibid. Winder didn’t seem to know about Alvin Lloyd’s guide, or if he did, he chose not to address this. Knowing Winder was prone to jailing many people for perceived disloyalties, though mistaken about Alvin’s activities, his suspicions about him must have been regarded with utmost seriousness.
248 NARA, RG 109. Bledsoe to Rockwell, December 30, 1861.
249 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
250 NARA, RG 109, Letters Received by the Secretary of War, 9519-1862.
251 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 22. McDaniel letter, January 11, 1862.
252 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 22. Frost affidavit, January 11, 1862. The photos (ambrotypes) taken of Lloyd have not to date been located, if they still are in existence. Therefore there appear to be no extant likenesses of Lloyd.
253 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
254 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 21. McDaniel letter, January 28, 1862.
255 Ibid.
256 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 38, Frost letter.
257 Confederate Citizens File, Benjamin to Lawton, February 10, 1862.
258 Court of Claims Papers, 1872. Boyd statements, November 30 and December 7, 1872. Confederate Army Records. For the governor’s commission and some details about Boyd’s desertion from the 1st Louisiana, see the Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 25, 1863.
259 Ibid. Boyd statements, November 30 and December 7, 1872.
260 Confederate Citizens File, Rockwell’s report of February 17, 1862.
261 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd statement, 1872.
262 Robert E. Lee timeline, WGBH, Boston.
263 Confederate Citizens File, Lloyd to Robert E. Lee, February 15, 1862.
264 Confederate Citizens File, Lloyd to Robert E. Lee, February 17, 1862.
265 Confederate Citizens File, Rockwell to Captain W. H. Taylor, February 17, 1862.
266 Confederate Citizens File, Wayne to Lee, February 19, 1862.
267 Confederate Citizens File, Lloyd to Lee, February 20, 1862.
268 Lieber letters #1 and #2, Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 6.
269 Confederate Citizens File, Lloyd to Lee, February 25, 1862.
270 Lieber letter #3, Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 6.
271 Lloyd to Benjamin, March 17, 1862, Lieber letter #4, Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 6.
272 Lawton’s letter to Davis, Enclosure 19 of the Lloyd Papers and also Lieber letter #5. This is the “Lawton report.”
273 Ibid.
274 National Archives, RG 109, Letters received by the Secretary of War, L-369.
275 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 28, King to Lloyd, July 14, 1862.
276 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 30, King to Lloyd, July 15, 1862.
277 Court of Claims Papers, Statement of Virginia Lloyd, November 15, 1872.
278 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
279 Ibid.
280 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 21, McDaniel to Lloyd.
281 This letter is in Enclosure 31 of the Lloyd Papers and contains the envelope it came in addressed to “Mr W. Alvin Lloyd, Esq., Macon, Georgia, Care Col. Brown.” It forms Enclosure 26.
282 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 40.
283 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 36.
284 NARA, Confederate Army Soldier Service Records, Boyd, T. S.
285 David Bright, Confederate Railroads.
286 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
287 Ibid.
288 Lloyd Papers, Enclosures 44–52.
289 Ibid.
290 Ibid.
291 Court of Claims Papers, T.H.S. Boyd statement, November 30 and December 7, 1872.
292 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
293 Ibid.
294 Ibid.
295 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 32, Winder release paper. November 11, 1862.
296 Edwin C. Fishel. The Secret War for the Union: The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996), pp. 551–53.
297 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 44.
298 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 23.
299 Court of Claims Papers, T.H.S. Boyd, Deposition, November 30, 1872.
300 Ibid.
301 Mitchell, The Rise of Cotton Mills in the South, p. 97. Barrett, The Civil War in North Carolina, p. 28. Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
302 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Virginia’s base during the war was at Augusta, Georgia.
303 Charleston Courier, January 3, 1863.
304 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
305 Ibid.
306 Ibid.
307 Ibid.
308 Ibid.
309 Ibid.
310 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Helen Arthur-Cornett, Remembering Concord, Articles from the Look Back Collection. (History Press, 2005), p. 139.
311 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
312 Ibid.
313 Mobile Register and Advertiser, May 10, 1863, p. 1.
314 Wikipedia.
315 W. Alvin Lloyd’s Southern Railroad Guide, June 1863.
316 Ibid.
317 Ibid.
318 Ibid.
319 New York Herald, June 2, 1863.
320 Memphis Daily Appeal, July 23, 1863.
321 Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 25, 1863.
322 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. W. Alvin Lloyd’s Southern Railroad Guide, October–November 1863. See illustrations.
323 Daily Richmond Examiner, September 7, 1861.
324 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
325 Ibid.
326 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 6, is a bill by Mobile doctor E. Eustice, for $1,600 Confederate money, dated November 12, 1863. 1860 census. Memphis Daily Appeal, October 5, 1863. Richmond Daily Dispatch, October 7, 1863. Daily Morning News (Savannah), October 7, 1863. Raleigh Weekly Standard, October 14, 1863. Camden Confederate, October 16, 1863. Baltimore Sun, October 21, 1863. Daily National Republican (Washington, DC), October 22, 1863. Columbus, Georgia, Enquirer, October 7, 1863.
327 Court of Claims Papers, T.H.S. Boyd deposition, November 30 and December 7, 1872.
328 Lloyd Papers, Lieber letter #7, Enclosure 6.
329 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
330 Court of Claims Papers, T.H.S. Boyd deposition, November 30, 1872.
331 Richmond Daily Dispatch, January 30, 1864. Richmond Daily Examiner, June 6, 1864.
332 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 6.
333 Ibid.
334 Ibid.
335 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Court of Claims Papers, Boyd deposition, December 7, 1872.
336 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 44. Dave Bright, Confederate Railroads.
337 Daily Mississippian, June 16, 1864. Lloyd favored the newspaper with a copy of his June 1864 guide, which had been published in Atlanta at a retail price of $5.00. Confederate money. On that very day in Jackson, frying chickens were commanding $2.50 each at the market.
338 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 44.
339 Confederate Citizens File, James A. Seddon to General D. H. Maury, July 29, 1864.
340 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
341 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, December 30, 1872.
342 The Daily Intelligencer, Atlanta, July 22, 1865. Confederate Army Records, J. M. Willis. Mary Walker Hubner. Charles W. Hubner, Poet Laureate of the South (Marietta, Georgia: Cherokee Publishing Company, 1976), p. 5.
343 Daily Richmond Examiner, November 22 and 24, 1864.
344 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, 1872.
345 Richmond Daily Dispatch, November 25, 1864.
346 US Court of Claims Papers, Boyd Testimony, December 7, 1872.
347 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
348 This ad ran in the Dispatch on February 27 and 28, and again on March 1, 1865.
349 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, December 7, 1872.
350 Robert E. Lee’s 7:00 p.m. telegram to Jefferson Davis, April 2, 1865. Robert Edward Lee Papers, Virginia State Library, Richmond, Virginia. Sallie A. Brock. Richmond During the War (New York: G.W. Carleton & Company, 1867), p. 364.
351 Ibid. Robert E. Lee’s 7:00 p.m. telegram to Jefferson Davis, April, 2, 1865. Robert Edward Lee Papers, Virginia State Library, Richmond, Virginia.
352 Brock, Richmond, p. 364.
353 DeLeon, Thomas C. Four Years in Rebel Capitals (The Gossip Printing Company, 1892). See A. A. Hoehling, and Mary Hoehling, The Day Richmond Died (A. S. Barnes, San Diego, California, 1981), p. 104.
354 Jane Singer. The Confederate Dirty War: Arson, Bombings, Assassination and Plots for Chemical and Germ Attacks on the Union (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2005), p. 119.
355 Brigadier General Edward Hastings Ripley, “Final Scenes at the Capture and Occupation of Richmond” (New York: Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS), Vol. 111, December 5, 1906), pp. 472–502.
356 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, December 7, 1872.
357 Ibid.
358 John Stewart. Jefferson Davis’s Flight from Richmond (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2015).
359 Ibid.
360 C.E.L. Stuart, New York Herald, July 4, 1865. Stewart, Jefferson Davis’s Flight from Richmond.
361 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13. 1860 Richmond, Virginia, census.
362 Stewart, Jefferson Davis’s Flight from Richmond. Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, December 7, 1872.
363 Stewart, Jefferson Davis’s Flight from Richmond.
364 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, 1872; Stewart, Jefferson Davis’s Flight from Richmond.
365 Ibid.
366 Edward I. Carter, a plantation owner near Danville, did indeed, while in a drunken rage, stab one of his former slaves to death, but that incident did not take place until after May 19. Carter was arrested and bound over for trial.
367 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
368 Ron Field, Petersburg 1864–65: The Longest Siege (Oxford, England: Osprey Publishing, 2009), pp. 22–23.
369 See Appendix for details of the pass.
370 Lloyd Papers, testimonies of W. Alvin Lloyd, T.H.S. Boyd, Virginia V. Lloyd, Ellen “Nellie” Dooley, June 3, 1865.
371 Lloyd Papers, statement of William Alvin Lloyd, June 3, 1865.
372 Lloyd Papers, testimony of T.H.S. Boyd, June 3, 1865.
373 Ibid.
374 Lloyd Papers, testimony of Virginia V. Lloyd, June 3, 1865.
375 Lloyd Papers, testimony of Ellen “Nellie” Dooley, June 3, 1865.
376 Lloyd Papers, Boyd testimony, June 13, 1865.
377 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 35.
378 Edward Steers Jr., Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001), pp. 250, 260, 261.
379 Lloyd Papers, John F. May statement, Enclosure 35.
380 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 15.
381 Ibid.
382 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 15.
383 Lloyd Papers, Howser and Beale depositions, June 30, 1865.
384 Ibid.
385 Lloyd Papers, Hamlin and Baker statements, June 30, 1865. The Daily National Intelligencer, November 18, 1864.
386 Lloyd Papers, Lloyd testimony, July 15, 1865.
387 Lloyd Papers, W. A. Lloyd and Charles T. Moore testimonies, July 15, 1865.
388 Lloyd Papers, Charles T. Moore testimony, July 15, 1865.
389 Lloyd Papers, Harvey Williams testimony, July 15, 1865. There is no record anywhere at that time of a Harvey Williams.
390 Lloyd Papers, Virginia Lloyd and William Alvin Lloyd testimonies, July 18, 1865.
391 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 17.
392 Lloyd Papers, testimony of T.H.S. Boyd, July 19, 1865.
393 Oliver Perry Temple. Notable Men of Tennessee (New York: The Cosmopolitan Press, 1912). See also John R. Branner’s letter to Lloyd, Enclosure 42.
394 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 42.
395 Ibid.
396 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 42.
397 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 14.
398 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 14. 1850 and 1860 censuses. Confederate Citizens File, Woodall, Theodore.
399 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 14.
400 1850 Census, Baltimore. Baltimore Sun, February 24, 1851. New York Herald, November 4, 1859, New York Herald, November 3, 1859.
401 Richmond Dispatch, March 6, 1862. Richmond Examiner, November 17, 1862. Confederate Citizens File, Woodall. To get an idea of what kind of man Lafayette Baker was, see the Washington Herald article, April 28, 1915.
402 Baltimore Sun, March 13, 1863, and May 29, 1863; Richmond Examiner, June 15, 1863; Richmond Enquirer, July 13, 1863.
403 Other details about Theodore Woodall can be found in Civil War Subversion Investigations, Union Citizens File (NARA) and Confederate Citizens File.
404 Leonard, Lincoln’s Forgotten Ally, p. 224.
405 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 10.
406 Ibid.
407 Confederate Citizen’s File.
408 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 9.
409 Ibid.
410 Boston Daily Advertiser, June 17 and 26, 1865. Daily Cleveland Herald, July 1, 1865. See also, Leonard, Lincoln’s Forgotten Ally for a full and comprehensive analysis of the Conover/Holt association. As well see Carman Cumming, Devil’s Game: The Civil War Intrigues of Charles A. Dunham (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004).
411 Lloyd Papers. Court of Claims Papers, 1872.
412 “The High Cost of Civil War,” Barrons.com: John Steele Gordon.
413 How is it that Totten didn’t know how much Alvin actually received in October 1865? When Totten reopened the case in 1871, it is evident from his accounting that he didn’t know. What’s ironic is that the War Department didn’t know either. It was just one of those things that fell through the cracks. Lloyd even cheated his own lawyer.
414 Evening Union (Washington, DC), October 10, 1865.
415 Anthony Waskie. Philadelphia and the Civil War: Arsenal of the Union (Charleston: The History Press, 2011). Civil War News, 2007.
416 Baltimore Sun, February 1 and February 17, 1866.
417 Illustrated New Age, February 27, 1866.
418 North American and United States Gazette (Philadelphia), March 20 and April 3, 1866. Public Ledger (Philadelphia), March 20, 1866.
419 Jackson Citizen and Patriot (Michigan), July 25, 1867.
420 North American and United States Gazette (Philadelphia), April 3, 1866. Public Ledger, April 3, 1866, Philadelphia Inquirer, April 3, 1866, Daily Evening Telegraph, Philadelphia, April 3, 1866.
421 Bradley R. Hoch, “Looking for Lincoln’s Philadelphia: A Personal Journey from Washington Square to Independence Hall, ” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, Vol. 25, Issue 2, Summer, 2004.
422 Confederate Citizens File. Charles T. Harvey to E. M. Stanton, May 15, 1866.
423 Illustrated New Age (Philadelphia), June 13, 1866.
424 North American and United States Gazette (Philadelphia), June 14, 1866.
425 Daily Cleveland Herald, February 5, 1867.
426 Springfield Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts), February 4, 1867.
427 Springfield Republican, February 2, 1867. Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy. Slout, Burnt Cork and Tambourines.
428 1850 Louisville census. Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy. Slout, Burnt Cork and Tambourines.
429 It is of record that Virginia was traveling with Alvin because there was a letter waiting for her advertised in the Jackson Citizen Patriot of July 17, 1867. The newspapers of the time would have letters waiting if someone had forwarded the information that they would be arriving in that city.
430 Springfield Republican, February 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8, 1867.
431 Ibid.
432 Ibid.
433 Ibid.
434 Albany Evening Journal, February 8 and 9, 1867. Oswego Palladium, February 22, 1867.
435 Sandusky Register, March 18 and 23, 1867.
436 Cincinnati Daily Gazette, April 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, 1867; Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, April 2, 5, and 6, 1867.
437 Ibid.
438 Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, April 6 and 10, 1867; Cincinnati Daily Gazette, April 6 and 10, 1867; Cleveland Leader, April 19, 1867.
439 Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, April 11, 1867.
440 Ibid.
441 Ibid.
442 Zanesville Signal review, reproduced in the Cleveland Plain Dealer of April 15, 1867. Newark Advocate, April 12, 1867. For their performance in Cleveland, see the Daily Cleveland Herald, April 12 and 15, 1867. Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 12 and 15, 1867. Buffalo Courier & Republic, April 25 and 26, 1867. Syracuse Courier & Union, May 8, 1867. Albany Express, May 11, 1867. Albany Knickerbocker, May 11, 1867. New York Clipper, May 1867. Springfield Republican, May 11, 13, 14, and 15, 1867. Daily Hartford Courant, May 17, 1867.
443 New York Clipper, June 19, 1867. Syracuse Courier & Union, June 29, 1867. Springfield Republican, July 1, 1867. Albany Evening Journal, July 5, 1867.
444 Daily Cleveland Herald, July 8, 9, and 10, 1867. Jackson Citizen Patriot, July 16, 17, 18, 19, and 24, 1867.
445 Jackson Citizen Patriot, July 25, 1867. Albany Evening Journal, July 29, 1867. Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, July 29, 1867. Toledo Commercial article, reproduced in the Fort Wayne Daily Gazette of August 12, 1867.
446 Lockport Daily Journal, August 2, 1867.
447 Jackson Citizen Patriot, July 25, 1867, Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, July 30, 1867.
448 Louisville Daily Democrat, October 23, 1867. Syracuse Daily Courier, October 24, 1867.
449 Ibid.
450 Ibid.
451 Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy. Slout, Burnt Cork and Tambourines.
452 New York Evening Post, September 15, 1868.
453 New York immigration records, December 26, 1868, passenger manifest of the ship Australasian.
454 Cincinnati Daily Gazette, January 6 and 7, 1869.
455 Lloyd Papers, Cameron to Hardie, December 8, 1868.
456 Lloyd Papers, E. D. Townsend to Hardie, December 11, 1865.
457 Ibid.
458 Lloyd Papers, Virginia Lloyd to Secretary Schofield, February 18, 1867.
459 William Alvin Lloyd, Certificate of Death #4861: New York Department of Records and Information Services, Municipal Archives, 31 Chambers Street, New York City.
460 Lloyd Papers, Davies to Sackett, March 20, 1869.
461 Lloyd Papers, Sackett letter to Gibson, April 22, 1869.
462 Lloyd Papers, Virginia Lloyd to Gen. Rawlins, April 27, 1869.
463 Lloyd Papers, James A. Hardie summary, May 4, 1869.
464 Albany Evening Journal, June 9, 1869.
465 1870 census. 1869 and 1870 Baltimore city directories.
466 Lloyd Papers, depositions of Abner Y. Lakenan, Virginia Lloyd, C. C. Boyd, September 6, 1870.
467 Lloyd Papers, Secretary Belknap to Virginia Lloyd, March 18, 1871. 1870 census.
468 Lloyd Papers, Enoch Totten, Administrator of the Estate of William A. Lloyd, deceased vs. The United States. May 22, 1871. No. 6329.
469 Lloyd Papers, Totten statement.
470 Lloyd Papers, Dunn to Parsons, November 9, 1871.
471 Critic-Record (Washington, DC), March 13, 1872.
472 Court of Claims Papers, testimony of Marcellus Howser, October 14, 1872.
473 Court of Claims Papers, Totten request, October 25, 1872.
474 Court of Claims Papers, testimony of Joseph Bonfanti, November 15, 1872.
475 The Michigan Alumnus, Fall IV, 1897–98 (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Michigan Alumnus Publishing Association, November 1897), p. 177.
476 New York City Census, 1860. F. J. Bonfanti.
477 Court of Claims Papers, 1872. Bonfanti’s deposition, November 15, 1872. New York Immigration records. US passport applications, Bonfanti. Newark Daily Advertiser, January 24, 1849. New Orleans Times-Picayune, July 24, 1849. Boston Herald, September 5, 1849. Weekly Herald (New York), December 1, 1849. Liverpool Mercury, December 14, 1849. Morning Chronicle (London), March 17, 1854. New Orleans Times-Picayune, May 10, 1854, and May 26 to August 6, 1861. Confederate Army Service Records, Bonfanti. Confederate Citizens File, Bonfanti.
478 Court of Claims Papers, 1872.
479 Ibid.
480 Ibid.
481 Ibid.
482 Confederate Army Records, T.H.S. Boyd. Lloyd Papers. US Court of Claims, 1872.
483 Court of Claims Papers, November 15, 1872.
484 Ibid.
485 Ibid.
486 Ibid.
487 Ibid.
488 Ibid.
489 Ibid.
490 Ibid.
491 Ibid.
492 Ibid.
493 Lloyd Papers, Howser testimony, June 30, 1865.
494 Court of Claims Papers, Howser testimony, October 14, 1872.
495 Court of Claims Papers, November 15, 1872.
496 Ibid.
497 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 20.
498 Court of Claims Papers, T.H.S. Boyd’s deposition, November 30 and December 7, 1872.
499 See Appendix for an analysis of the pass and the proof of its authenticity.
500 Court of Claims Papers, Testimony of Virginia Lloyd, November 15, 1872.
501 Court of Claims Papers, Charles Boyd statement, November 30, 1872.
502 Lloyd Papers, W. Alvin Lloyd testimony, June 3, 1865.
503 Lloyd Papers. Court of Claims Papers, testimony of Virginia Lloyd, November 15, 1872.
504 Court of Claims Papers, Bonfanti testimony, November 15, 1872.
505 Ibid.
506 Lloyd Papers, Enclosure 13.
507 Court of Claims Papers, 1872.
508 Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 25, 1863.
509 Court of Claims Papers, Bonfanti testimony. November 15, 1872.
510 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony.
511 Court of Claims Papers. When asked why Nellie Dooley did not appear at the deposition, Virginia said she thought Nellie was dead.
512 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, December 7, 1872.
513 Lloyd Papers, Nellie Dooley testimony, June 3, 1865.
514 Lloyd Papers, Boyd testimony, June 3, 1865.
515 Lloyd Papers, W. Alvin Lloyd testimony, July 16, 1865.
516 Ibid.
517 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, November 30, 1872.
518 Lloyd Papers, Boyd testimony, June 3, 1865.
519 Court of Claims Papers, Virginia Lloyd testimony, November 15, 1872.
520 Court of Claims Papers, Charles Boyd testimony, November 30, 1872.
521 Court of Claims Papers, Bonfanti testimony, November 15, 1872.
522 Court of Claims Papers, Boyd testimony, December 7, 1872.
523 Ibid.
524 Ibid.
525 Court of Claims Papers, John Goforth, Brief for the Defendants.
526 Court of Claims Papers, Totten Petition, 1873 and 1874.
527 Totten v. US, 92 US 105 (1875).
528 At the time, the Totten ruling was barely mentioned in the press, but two papers that reported it were the National Republican (Washington, DC), March 16, 1876, and the New Orleans Times-Picayune of May 26, 1876.
529 New York City directories, 1876, 1877, 1878.
530 Philadelphia city directories, 1876 and 1877.
531 Critic-Record (Washington, DC), October 31, 1877.
532 Critic-Record, December 7 and 12, 1877.
533 Wikipedia; Sean C. Flynn, “The Totten Doctrine and its Poisoned Progeny,” Vermont Law Review, 2001; D. A. Jeremy Telman, Valparaiso University Law School, December 19, 2012. Valparasio University Legal Studies Research Paper NP. 12–18. “On the Conflation of the State Secrets Privilege and the Totten Doctrine.”
534 D. A. Jeremy Telman, Valparaiso University Law School, December 19, 2012. Valparasio University Legal Studies Research. “On the Conflation of the State Secrets Privilege and the Totten Doctrine.”
535 Douglas Kash and Matthew Indrisano. “In the Service of Secrets: The US Supreme Court Revisits Totten,” John Marshall Law Review, Vol. 39, Issue 2, 2006; See also, Tenet et al, v. Doe et ux., No. 03-1395. “Argued January 11, 2005–Decided March 2, 2005.” http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com; Frederick G. Jauss, lV, Abstract of article by Daniel L. Pines, “The Continuing Viability of the 1875 Supreme Court Case of Totten v. United States,” 53 Admin. Law. Rev. 1273.
536 Whitebread, Recent Decisions, p. 210. Johnson, Handbook of Intelligence Studies, p. 337. Tenet v. Doe: http://Law.cornell.edu/supet/cert/03-1395. On January 22, 2008, Senators Edward M. Kennedy, Patrick Leahy, and Arlen Specter introduced a bill (S.2533) called The State Secrets Protection Act. It was not passed. On February 11, 2009, “granting the courts of appeal jurisdiction of an appeal from a decision or order of a district court determining that the state secrets privilege is not validly asserted,” was offered as a bill to the Committee on the Judiciary in an attempt to limit the over-reaching use of the state secrets privilege. See H.R. 984, State Secret Protection Act of 2009, govtrack.us/blog/2014/5/12/govtracks-winter-updates. On January 27, 2014, another version was introduced and referred to the “Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations.” There it rests.
537 New York Herald, April 16, 1878, November 5, 1885, January 19 and 20, 1886; South Orange Bulletin, January 23, 1886; New Haven Register, September 14, 1887. New York marriages, 1888. Baltimore Sun, August 12 and 13, 1911. Baltimore Wills, Liber H.W.J., No. 111, Folio 5.
538 1880 census for Mount Hope, Baltimore. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 10, 1880.
539 New Jersey marriage records, Newark. Macon Telegraph, May 29, 1883. New York Herald, August 1, 1883. New York Daily Tribune, October 2, 1889. Times-Enterprise (Thomasville, Ga.), September 24, 1889.
540 Baltimore City Directory, 1879. 1880 census.
541 The Maryland Line Confederate Soldiers’ Home records. 1900 census. Baltimore Sun, December 13, 1907.
542 Court of Claims Papers, Virginia Lloyd’s depositions, 1872, 1900, and 1910 censuses. Providence city directories, 1880–1917. Providence death records.
543 New York immigration records. British birth, marriage, and death records, 1876.
544 1880 census. US Marine Corps records.
545 Baltimore Sun, December 4, 1880.
546 1870 and 1880 censuses. Baltimore death records.
547 Baltimore death records: Baker, Asbury.
548 1870 and 1880 censuses. San Diego Union, November 15, 1881. Baltimore Sun, June 9, 1914.
549 Milwaukee Journal, November 12 and 15, 1878.
550 The Michigan Alumunus, Volume 1v, 1886–1898, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Michigan Alumunus Pub Assoc., November 1897, p. 177.
551 Evening Star (Washington, DC), May 15, 1878. Galveston Daily News, May 23, 1878, Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, June 8, 1878.
552 The Clarion (Jackson, Mississippi), June 14, 1887.
553 A. J. Hanna, Flight Into Oblivion (Richmond: Johnson Publishing Company, 1938; second edition: Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999), pp. 100, 102.
554 Roanoake Times, April 3, 1891. The Sun (New York), April 3, 1891.
555 Memphis Daily Appeal, February 15, 1869.
556 Klinck, Confederate Citizens File.
557 New York Tribune, January 24, 1870, Augusta Chronicle, August 28, 1914. Macon Telegraph, August 28, 1914.
558 Critic-Record (Washington, DC), May 2, 1891.
559 Daily Cleveland Herald, August 6, 1867. Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 18, 1867. Inter-Ocean (Chicago), April 15, 1875. Daily Inter-Ocean, (Chicago), November 11, 1889. St. Paul Daily News, April 25, 1891. Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy, p. 76.
560 Indianapolis Sentinel, April 22, 23, and 24, 1874. Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy, p. 74.
561 Eastern Cemetery, Dailey Lot, Record book, No. 99: 155.
562 Louisville death records. Clark County, Indiana, marriage records, October 25, 1868.
563 Louisville death records. Cave Hill Cemetery (Louisville).
564 Syracuse Daily Standard, March 14, 1887. Boston Daily Advertiser, July 27, 1889. Baltimore Sun, February 5, 1891.