1 All comparisons are approximate, protocol and functions could vary widely.
2 Later sources commonly use ‘Leutnant’ in place of ‘Lieutenant’ in all of the above (e.g. Oberst-Leutnant). Additionally, ‘Obrist’ was often used in place of ‘Oberst’ (e.g. Obrist-Lieutenant).
3 The rank of Feldmarschall-Leutnant was unique to the Austrian Army.
4 In the French Army, the title ‘Major General’ indicated a function rather than a rank and was unique to Berthier.
5 The French title of ‘Marshal’ was an appointment rather than a rank.