EPIGRAPH
1. G. K. Chesterton, Heretics (Rockville, MD: Serenity, 2009), 116.
CHAPTER 1
1. Largely attributed to George MacDonald. Martin H. Manser, The Westminster Collection of Christian Quotes (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001), 2.
2. “The Walls of Jericho,” NIV Archaeological Study Bible (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2003), 312.
3. Thomas Brisco, Holman Bible Atlas (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1998), 18, 34.
4. Deut. 34:3, Judg. 3:13 KJV.
5. “From Jerusalem to Jericho,” Bible Resource Center, American Bible Society, bibleresources.americanbible.org, accessed December 3, 2013.
6. Jerome F. D. Creach, Joshua (Louisville: John Knox Press, 2003), 61.
7. Roy Liran and Ran Barkai, “Casting a Shadow on Neolithic Jericho,” Antiquity 85, no. 327 (March 2011), http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/barkai327/.
8. 2 Sam. 10.
9. Matt. 20:29–34; Mark 10:46–52; Luke 18:35–43.
10. Luke 19:1–10.
11. For those not familiar with this story, it makes up a big part of the Old Testament books of Exodus and Joshua.
12. Throughout the Old Testament, the ark is the symbol of God’s presence with His people, and is so closely associated with God Himself that the people were commanded to keep their distance from it because of his holiness present with the symbol. Marten H. Woudstra, The Book of Joshua (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981), 80.
13. Josh. 4.
14. Josh. 5:13–15.
15. Josh. 6.
16. Josh. 7:1.
17. The original Hebrew word for Achan’s disobedience literally means he “broke faith.” His actions betrayed his lack of trust in God. Woudstra, The Book of Joshua, 120.
18. Ex. 20:1–7.
19. Bruce Wilkinson and Kenneth Boa, The Wilkinson and Boa Bible Handbook (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2002), 52.
CHAPTER 2
1. William Shakespeare, Macbeth, act 4, scene 3.
2. N.p.: Other Press, 2010.
3. Henri J. M. Nouwen, Spiritual Direction: Wisdom for the Long Walk of Faith (New York: HarperCollins, 2006), 4.
CHAPTER 3
1. Soren Kierkegaard, Works of Love (New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1962), 42.
2. Soren Kierkegaard, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 430.
CHAPTER 4
1. Brother Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God and the Spiritual Maxims (n.p.: Benton, 2013), 25.
2. Matt. 6:5–6.
3. 1 Thess. 5:17 KJV; 2 Cor. 13:14.
4. Phil. 4:6; Luke 18:1–8.
5. Matt. 6:7–8.
6. Heb. 4:16 KJV; Rom. 8:15.
7. Rom. 8:14–16; John 15:14–15.
8. Ex. 3:6; Isa. 6:5 KJV.
9. David Winter, Closer than a Brother (London: Holder and Stoughton, 1971), 6.
10. 1 Kings 19:11–13.
11. Ps. 19:14; emphasis added; Phil. 4:8.
CHAPTER 5
1. “Nicholas Wolterstorff on Justice, Art, Love & Human Flourishing,” an interview with Nicholas Wolterstorff, which can be found on my blog, at http://kenwytsma.com/2013/12/02/nicholas-wolterstorff-on-justice-art-love-human-flourishing/.
2. The story of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is powerfully told by Mary Ann Glendon in a book appropriately titled A World Made New (New York: Random House, 2001).
3. 2 Cor. 5:11–21, (esp. vv. 18–20).
4. “Nicholas Wolterstorff on Justice, Art, Love & Human Flourishing.”
5. For the philosopher, substances need not be material entities.
6. The best treatment of these issues I know of is Welcoming the Stranger, by my friends Matthew Soerens and Jenny Hwang (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2009).
7. See Matthew 26:40.
8. Hab. 2:4 KJV; Rom. 1:17 KJV; Heb. 10:38 KJV. As discussed earlier, several modern English translations wrongly choose the word righteous here, instead of just.
9. See, for example, John 12:25; 15:13; 2 Cor. 5:14–15; 1 John 3:16.
10. Elliott Roosevelt and James Brough, Mother R. (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1977). Cited in Mary Ann Glendon, A World Made New (New York: Random House, 2001).
CHAPTER 6
1. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity, rev. and enl. ed. (New York: Harper, 2009), 50.
2. Henry Thoreau, Where I Lived, and What I Lived For (1854; London: Penguin UK, 2005).
3. Augustine, Confessions (New York: Penguin, 1961), 21.
4. Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, 2nd ed., trans. Terence Irwin (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1999), 9.
5. John Locke is known for human rights theories such as the idea of “life, liberty, and estate,” a theme that came up in several different places in his writing, but specifically stated this way in his Two Treatises of Government; John Locke and Peter Laslett, eds. (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1689; 1988), sec. 9, 57, 87, 123, 209, 222.; pp. 101, 325, 341, et al.
6. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, pt. 22, 1a 1ae Q.2 A. 8.
7. C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian (New York: HarperCollins, 1951, 1979), 233.
8. John Piper, A Hunger for God: Desiring God Through Fasting and Prayer (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1997), 10.
9. C. S. Lewis, The Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis, vol. 3: Narnia, Cambridge and Joy 1950–1963 (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 523.
10. Blaise Pascal, Pensees (New York: Penguin, 1966), 74–75.
11. C. S. Lewis, The Weight of Glory and Other Addresses, Touchstone ed. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 26.
CHAPTER 7
1. Khalil Gibran, Khalil Gibran: The Collected Works (London: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), 299.
2. Dallas Willard, Hearing God: Developing a Conversational Relationship with God (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2012), 283.
3. David Konstan, ed. Edward N. Zalta, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, s.v. “Epicurus” (Fall 2013); http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/epicurus. Accessed December 31, 2013.
4. Widely attributed to Epicurus. David Hume most popularly cites Epicurus with this saying in: David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, ed. Richard Popkin (Cambridge: Hackett, 1998), 63.
5. C. S. Lewis, A Grief Observed (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1961), 65.
6. Brian Kolodiejchuk, ed., Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light: The Private Writings of the Saint of Calcutta (New York: Doubleday, 2007).
CHAPTER 8
1. Evelyn Underhill, Collected Papers of Evelyn Underhill, ed. Lucie Menzies (New York: Longmans, Green, 1946), 160.
2. T. S. Eliot, “Shakespeare and the Stoicism of Seneca” (1927), in Selected Essays, enlarged ed. (London: 1934), 130.
3. G. K. Chesterton, “On Bright Old Things—and Other Things,” in G. K. Chesterton: Collected Works (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1990), 473.
4. Blaise Pascal, Pensees (New York: Penguin, 1966), 347–48.
5. Augustine, Confessions (New York: Penguin, 1961), 169.
1. D. L. Moody, Notes from My Bible: From Genesis to Revelation (Chicago: Flemming H. Revell Company, 1895), 141.
2. The Grand Canyon eventually became a national park in 1919.
3. Edmund Morris, “Theodore Roosevelt,” Time, April 13, 1998, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988150,00.html#ixzz1tGxDRzIP. Accessed November 11, 2013.
4. Augustine, “Saint Augustine Quotes and Biography,” Quote DB: 1, http://www.quotedb.com/authors/saint-augustine. Accessed January 3, 2014.
5. An excellent resource that we use at Antioch on this issue is When Helping Hurts, by Steve Corbett and Brian Fikkert (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2009).
6. Augustine, Homilies on St. John’s Epistles, 7.8.
CHAPTER 10
1. Soren Kierkegaard, Journals (London: Oxford University Press, 1939), 117–18.
2. Chad Wellmon, “Why Google Isn’t Making Us Stupid . . . or Smart,” Hedgehog Review 14, no, 1 (Spring 2012), http://www.iasc-culture.org/THR/THR_article_2012_Spring_Wellmon.php. Accessed December 1, 2013.
3. Johann Georg Heinzmann, Appell an meine Nation: Über die Pest der deutschen Literatur (Bern: 1795), 125.
4. A review of Christian Thomasius’s Observationum selectarum ad rem litterariam spectantium [Select Observations Related to Learning], vol. 2 (Halle, 1702), which was published in the April 1702 edition of the monthly British newspaper History of the Works of the Learned, Or an Impartial Account of Books Lately Printed in all Parts of Europe, as cited in David McKitterick, “Bibliography, Bibliophily and Organization of Knowledge,” The Foundations of Knowledge: Papers Presented at Clark Library (Los Angeles: William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 1985), 202.
5. Seneca (Ep. 82.3), cited in David S. Potter’s A Companion to the Roman Empire (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006), 371.
6. Seneca, Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales, vol. 1, trans. Richard M. Gummere (London: William Heinemann, 1917), 7.
7. David Daniels, The ROI of Video in Email Marketing (The Relevancy Group, 2013), http://www.streamsend.com/pdf/The_ROI_of_Video_in_Email_Marketing-StreamSend-The%20RelevancyGroup.pdf, 2. Accessed October 10, 2013.
8. Jimmy Daly, “18 Incredible Internet-Usage Statistics,” FedTech magazine, June 12, 2013, http://www.fedtechmagazine.com/article/2013/06/18-incredible-internet-usage-statistics. Accessed December 3, 2014.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Wikipedia, s.v. “Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia’s growth,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Modelling_Wikipedia’s_growth; cf. “File: Enwikipediagrowthcomparison.PNG,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Enwikipediagrowthcomparison.PNG. Accessed December 19, 2013.
12. Juliet B. Schor, The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure (New York: Basic Books, 1992), 4.
13. In the first Fantasia film, music from his ballet The Rite of Spring was used in the story about dinosaurs. In Fantasia 2000, music from his ballet The Firebird was used in the final story about the wood nymph, the elk, and the volcano.
14. Sam Morgenstern, ed., Composers on Music (New York: Pantheon, 1956), 442–44, 521–26.
15. “Social Media at Work,” Learn Stuff, October 16, 2012, http://www.learnstuff.com/social-media-at-work/. Accessed November 29, 2014.
16. Eyal Ophir, Clifford Nass, and Anthony D. Wagner, “Cognitive control in media multitaskers,” CrossMark 106, no. 37, http://www.pnas.org/content/106/37/15583.full?sid=663739be-10dc-4dae-9018-d81525d0e1da. Accessed December 10, 2013.
17. Brother Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God (n.p.: Kreg Yingst Starving Artist Books, 2008), vii.
18. Brother Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God (New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 1982), 51.
CHAPTER 11
1. Abraham Joshua Heschel, Man Is Not Alone, 11–12, in Abraham Joshua Heschel: Essential Writings, ed. Susannah Heschel (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2011), 58.
2. C. S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (New York: HarperCollins, 1952), 1.
3. C. S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, 9th printing ed. (New York: MacMillan, 1973), 87.
4. Charles Dickens, Hard Times (Bradbury & Evans: London, 1854), 58.
5. Wikipedia, s.v. “Chicken” (see “Origins”), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken#Origins; “Ancient Israelite Cuisine,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine#Poultry_and_eggs, s.v. March 11, 2014.
6. Reinhold Niebuhr, The Essential Reinhold Niebuhr: Selected Essays and Addresses, Robert McAffe, ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), 251.
7. On Being radio program, produced by Krista Tippett Public Productions. Copyright ©2007 American Public Media ®
8. On Being radio program, produced by Krista Tippett Public Productions. Copyright ©2007 American Public Media ®
9. Matthew Moore, “Stress of modern life cuts attention spans to five minutes,” Telegraph (UK), November 26, 2008, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/3522781/Stress-of-modern-life-cuts-attention-spans-to-five-minutes.html. Accessed October 27, 2013.
10. Taylor Hatmaker, “Whoa: Facebook Now Owns Over 25% Of Total Time Spent On Mobile Apps,” rw (blog), January 23, 2013, http://readwrite.com/2013/01/23/facebook-most-popular-app-comscore?&_suid=1365029917079009786325553432107. Accessed January 23, 2013.
11. “Social Networking Statistics,” Statistic Brain, research date January 1, 2014, http://www.statisticbrain.com/social-networking-statistics/. Accessed December 12, 2013.
12. G. K. Chesterton, “Alarms and Discursions, 1910,” in In Defense of Sanity: The Best Essays of G. K. Chesterton, eds. Dale Ahlquist, Joseph Pearce, and Aidan Mackey (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2011), 103.
13. For a fuller explanation on fast-moving conversations, see my article “Are We Talking Too Fast?” on HuffPost’s Religion blog (May 2, 2013), at http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ken-wytsma/are-we-talking-to-fast_b_3201252.html.
14. Reinhold Niebuhr, “Happiness, Prosperity and Virtue,” in The Irony of American History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952), 63.
15. A Princeton University study found that in one year (2005), 1.6 million United States church members took mission trips—an average of eight days—at a cost of $2.4 billion. Study by Robert Wuthnow, the Gerhard R. Andlinger professor of sociology at Princeton University, where he is also the chair of the department of sociology and director of the Princeton University Center for the Study of Religion. These numbers are also attested by Rober J. Priest, PhD, professor of mission and anthropology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in his January 2008 article in Missiology journal, “Service Learning in Short-Term Missions,” 53–73.
16. On AskQuestions.tv, Nicholas Wolterstorff tells this story in the video, “The Fine Texture of Justice in Everyday Life.” See http://askquestions.tv/dr-nicholas-wolterstorff-the-fine-texture-of-justice-in-everyday-life/.
17. Hal Niedzviecki, The Peep Diaries: How We’re Learning to Love Watching Ourselves and Our Neighbors (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2009), 3, 2.
18. Ibid., 30. Here Niedzvieki is speaking of a particular study cited in Jake Halpern’s Fame Junkies (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2007).
19. Ibid., 34–35.
20. Henry David Thoreau, “Life Without Principle,” in The Essays of Henry D. Thoreau, ed. Lewis Hyde (New York: North Point Press, 2002), 198.
21. Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience and Other Essays, ed. Philip Smith (New York: Dover, 1993), 84.
22. Reinhold Niebuhr, “Happiness, Prosperity and Virtue,” in The Irony of American History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952), 63.
23. C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (New York: HarperCollins, 1978).
CHAPTER 12
1. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Life Together (New York: Harper & Row, 1954), 30.
2. C. S. Lewis, Reflections on the Psalms: The Most Celebrated Musings on One of the Most Intriguing Books of the Bible (San Diego: Harvest, 1986), 32.
3. “U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation,” Pew Forum on Religious and Public Life, Pew Research Center, February 2008, http://www.pewforum.org/files/2008/02/report-religious-landscape-studyappendixes.pdf. Accessed December 18, 2013.
4. Robert Saucy, The Church in God’s Program (Chicago: Moody, 1972), 17, 18, 25.
5. C. S. Lewis, Pilgrim’s Regress (London: Geoffrey Bles, [1933] 1943), 166.
6. Thomas E. Bergler, “When Are We going to Grow Up? The Juvenilization of American Christianity,” Christianity Today, June 8, 2012, http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2012/june/when-are-we-going-to-grow-up.html?paging=off. Accessed November 19, 2013.
7. C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters (New York: Touchstone, 1961), 64.
CHAPTER 13
1. J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings (New York: HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2012), Appendix A.
2. C. S. Lewis, The Pilgrim’s Regress (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981), 204–5.
3. See G. R. Habermas and J. P. Moreland, Beyond Death (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2004).
4. A good summary of these varied sets of evidence can be found in chapter 10, “The Evidence from Consciousness: The Enigma of the Mind” in Lee Strobel, The Case for a Creator (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004), 247–72.
5. Wilder Penfield, The Mystery of the Mind (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1975), 79.
6. George MacDonald, Annals of a Quiet Neighborhood (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1867), 312. Emphasis in original.
7. Dwight Lyman Moody, “D.L. Moody,” Christianity.com, http://www.christianity.com/11528781/. Accessed December 19, 2013.
8. George MacDonald, “Kingship” in Unspoken Sermons: Series I, II, and III (Radford, VA: Wilder Publications, 2008), 260.
9. Mark Twain, Mark Twain’s Notebooks and Journals, vol. 3 (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 1979), 538 (written May 1889–1890).
10. C. S. Lewis, The Letters of C.S. Lewis to Arthur Greeves (22 February 1944), par. 1, p. 501.
11. C. S. Lewis, The Great Divorce (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1996), 11.
12. Hitler, for example, escaped justice in this life for the atrocities he committed against humanity.
13. For example, in Romans 8:18–21.
14. N. T. Wright, Surprised by Hope (New York: Harper One, 2008), 193.
15. Rom. 8:18.
16. 2 Cor. 4:17.
17. 1 Peter 4:13; 5:1; 5:10.
18. Lucian, The Death of Peregrine, 11–13, in The Works of Lucian of Samosata, trans. H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler, 4 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1949), vol. 4. Cited in G. R. Habermas, The Historical Jesus (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1996), 206.
CHAPTER 14
1. http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/cw/post.php?id=500. Accessed November 4, 2014.
2. Lynn Hamer, “Bend, Ore. Named 2012 DogTown of the Year,” DogChannel.com, August 10, 2012, http://www.dogchannel.com/dogfancy/2012-dogtown-usa.aspx. Accessed December 4, 2013.
3. C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2001), 37–38.
4. Napoleon Bonaparte, Brainy Quote, http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/n/napoleonbo143520.html. Accessed December 19, 2013.
5. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Life Together: The Classic Exploration of Faith in Community, trans. John W. Doberstein (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1954), 27.
6. “Desert Fathers” refers to Christian hermits, ascetics, or monastics who lived in the desert (primarily in Egypt) throughout much of the church age.
7. St. John of the Cross, Dark Night of the Soul, ed. and trans. E. Allison Peers (New York: Image Books, Double Day Press, 1990), 44.
8. C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters (New York: Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, 1996), 41–42.
9. Madeline L’Engle, Walking on Water: Reflections on Faith and Art (New York: North Point Press, 1980), 156.
10. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea, vol. 2 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1835), 4.
11. Cornell West in Call + Response: A Film About the World’s 27 Million Most Terrifying Secrets, dir. Justin Dillon, Fair Trade Pictures, 2008. Documentary.
12. Walter Brueggemann, “The Costly Loss of Lament” in The Psalms: The Life of Faith, ed. Patrick D. Miller (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995), 98–111.
13. Ibid., 102.
14. Ibid., 107.
15. For example, Psalms 33, 96, and 98.
16. See Acts 16.
17. Comments from Alex Mutagubya in this chapter are from a personal interview on October 12, 2013.
18. C. S. Lewis, The Joyful Christian (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 98.
19. 2 Cor. 12:9–10.
20. John 15:20.
21. Corrie ten Boom, The Hiding Place (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2006), 257.
CHAPTER 15
1. “A Christmas Carol,” (Mineola: Dover Publications, 1991), 42.
2. C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (New York: HarperCollins, 1978), 118.
3. 2 Peter 3:8 (cf. Psalm 90:4).
4. Thomas Cahill, The Gifts of the Jews (New York: Anchor Books, 1998).
5. Online Etymology Dictionary, s.v. “grace,” http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=grace&allowed_in_frame=0. Accessed January 13, 2014.
6. “Cheap grace” is a term first coined and made popular by Dietrich Bonhoeffer in his famous book The Cost of Discipleship.
CHAPTER 16
1. This quotation is widely attributed to Kierkegaard, but a closer representation of what Kierkegaard actually said was, “It is perfectly true, as philosophers say, that life must be understood backwards. But they forget the other proposition, that it must be lived forwards.” Søren Kierkegaard in Patrick Gardiner’s Kierkegaard: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 95.
2. This assumes, of course, that immoral living leads to a happier life than does taking a more moral approach to life. Pascal did not actually believe this to be true, but assumed it for the sake of the argument.
3. Wendell Berry, “Manifesto: The Mad Farmer Liberation Front” in The Country of Marriage (Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2013), 15.
4. “The Deadliest Tsunami in History?” National Geographic News, upd. January 7, 2005, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1227_041226_tsunami.html. Accessed December 30, 2013.
5. Matt. 26:36–46.