Glossary

Anatomy

Anatomy is a complex field, but we'll concentrate on the areas that Makeup Artists most likely will use as references. The following terms outline only a few of the examples found in the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems.

The Skeletal System

The skeleton is divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons. The axial comprises the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs. The appendicular is made up of the upper and lower extremities. The skull consists of cranial bones, which form the cranial cavity. The cranial cavity houses the brain and facial bones, which in turn form the face.

The Skull

Bone located at the forehead that helps define the orbits of the eye.

Bone that forms the lower jawbone.

The upper jawbone.

There are two nasal bones. The vomer bone separates the nasal cavities.

Large bone that makes up the base of the cranium.

Bone that defines the cheekbone.

The Spinal Column

The spinal column is made up of 26 bones. The bones protect the spinal cord. The spinal cord is strong and flexible, allowing movement, supporting the head, and serving as the attachment for the ribs and muscles.

Upper Body

Upper arm bone.

One of two lower arm bones. The radius is narrow at the end that connects with the humerus, and wider at the joints that it forms with the wrist bones.

Curved bones connected to the thoracic vertebrae.

Helps to form the shoulder joint with the humerus.

One of two lower arm bones opposite in shape to the radius.

Lower Body

Thigh bone, the strongest bone in the body.

One of two bones that form the lower leg bone. The fibula is the smaller of the two.

When two or more bones come together to either aid movement and/or to keep the skeleton together.

Attaches the lower body to the axial skeleton.

One of two bones that form the lower leg bone. The tibia is the larger of the two.

The Muscular System

Muscles are described by size, shape, origin, and function. There are over 700 known muscles in the body.

Facial Muscles

Jaw Muscles

Masseter Muscle

Raises the jaw and clenches the teeth.

Temporalis Muscle

Helps the masseter muscle to raise the jaw and clench the teeth.

Mouth Muscles

Draws the corners of the mouth backward, flattens and tightens lips.

Raises the corner of the mouth.

Raises and tightens the chin, thrusts lower lip up and outward.

Orbicularis Oris

Circles the mouth and purses the lips.

Pulls the corner of the mouth sideward and outward.

Pulls the corner of the mouth downward.

Zygomaticus Major and Minor

Raises the mouth upward and outward.

Eye Muscles

Assists the orbicularis in compressing skin between the eyebrows. Vertical wrinkles form.

Orbicularis Oculi

Closes the eyelids and compresses the opening of the eye from above and below the eyes.

Tightens the inner eye by wrinkling the skin on the nose.

Face Muscles

Frontalis Frontal Part

Draws the scalp to the front, wrinkles the forehead, and pulls the eyebrows upward.

Muscles on the neck that draw the lower lip downward and upward.

Circulatory System and Veins

The circulatory system is made up of two different systems: the pulmonary (the right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs) and the systemic (the left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the body; arteries carry blood from the heart to the tissues and organs; veins return the blood to the heart).

Arteries

Largest artery in the body.

Brachiocephalic Trunk, Right Carotid, and Right Subclavian Arteries

Provide blood to the neck, head, and upper limbs.

Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Artery, and Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Supply blood to the abdominal internal organs.

Coronary Arteries

Supply blood to the heart.

Left and Right Common Iliac Arteries

Abdominal aorta divides into left and right common iliac arteries.

Left Carotid, Left Subclavian Arteries

Provide blood to the left side of the head, neck, and upper limbs.

Renal, Suprarenal, and Gonadal Arteries

Provide blood to internal organs at the back of the abdominal wall.

The Veins

Brachiocephalic

One of two veins that form the superior vena cava.

Hepatic Portal Vein

Vein that leads from intestinal veins to the liver.

Inferior Vena Cava

Receives blood from the pelvis, abdomen, and lower limbs.

Internal Jugular

Receives blood from the head and neck area, including the brain.

A set of veins that deplete blood from the intestines and the supporting organs.

Vein leaving the spleen.

Empties blood from the shoulder area.

Superior Mesenteric

Blood returns to circulation by way of the small intestine.

Superior Vena Cava

Receives blood from the upper body by way of the internal jugular, subclavian, and brachiocephalic veins.

Additional Terms

Assistant director.

Mixing pigments to a product.

Adding primary colors to come to white light.

Additive Color Mixing

Color mixing with lights.

A small, air operated tool that sprays various media such as ink, dye, or paint, through the process of atomization.

Adjusts air pressure.

A thickening agent derived from seaweed and giant kelp that absorbs water quickly and is used as a mold-making material in makeup effects and prosthetics, life-casting, and textiles.

Colors next to each other on the color wheel.

To reduce to fine particles or spray.

Background artists (actors) or extras working in a scene.

Absence of all color.

To start with a blank canvas.

Applying makeup using tools to achieve a smooth seamless finish.

The strength or rigidity of the brand of gelatin.

Cab-O-Sil (silica) that is mixed with Pros-Aide to form a thick paste.

Percentage of transmission of the full spectrum of energy.

Working the line with many other makeup artists painting for the crowds with little time to do it.

A silica substance that is mixed with Pros-Aide (adhesive) to form a thick paste.

Actors appearing in the scenes.

To assign an actor a role.

To form (metal, plaster, rubber, etc.) into a particular shape by pouring it into or brushing it onto a mold, while it is in a fluid or liquid state, and letting it harden.

Center of Gravity

The point of the body that dictates where the weight is distributed.

Measurement of airflow.

Names of the characters that the actors will be playing.

Chavant NSP Clay

Sculpting clay.

An Italian term meaning light dark. The term originated as a type of Renaissance drawing on colored paper.

Chief Makeup Artist

What a makeup department head is called in Europe.

Means there are no visitors allowed on the film set.

Any colors 180 degrees apart on a 360-degree color wheel.

Complementary Colors for Light

Complementary colors are also called secondary colors.

Darker colors that are applied to any area the Makeup Artist wants to set back.

Correction Filters

To balance a given light source.

Time the crew is called into work.

A chemical process that allows materials such as plaster, rubber, and gelatin to change from a liquid or fluid state to a solid form.

Dark and Halftones

Halftones divided into light and dark.

Smith's (Gordon J.) Prosthetic Deadener is an additive designed to work in concert with Platsil Gel-10 (or any platinum silicone) to create a complete theatrical prosthetic design system for the motion picture industry (www.fxsmith.com).

Taking hardened product out of a mold.

Using data in the form of numerical digits in a computerized format.

Digital Cinematography

When film is substituted with a digital format for recording images.

Digital Motion Pictures

Images that are captured and stored in a digital format, in this case motion pictures.

Digital Photography

Images captured in a digital format that records the images and stores them on a computer chip, until they are to be printed or viewed on a screen or monitor.

Digital Television

Pictures and sound that are captured and stored in a digital format for recording, viewing, and/or broadcasting images.

Means day or night on a call sheet.

Dominant Wavelength

Apparent color of the Light.

Placing dots instead of straight lines in makeup application. For example to create a stronger lash line.

Director of photography.

A pigment that changes hue from mass tone (pure color straight from a tube or powder) to top tone (adding white to a color).

Background actor or artist.

A brand-name, gentle bar soap for hygiene, used widely in Europe and can be used to clean molds and/or prosthetics.

Foundation Primers

Makeup used to even out the texture of the skin.

Lighting designer.

Filters are used in front of a light source to change what the light is putting out.

A colorless protein formed by boiling the skin, bones, and connective tissue of animals to form a glue-like substance, used by makeup artists for a variety of reasons, such as mold-making.

Green Marble SeLr

A makeup sealer created by Kenny Myers and Richard Snell for Premiere Products.

All of the value (degree of lightness or darkness) variations in a color.

High-Definition Television or HDTV

Television broadcast using higher resolution formats.

Lighter colors that are applied to any area the Makeup Artist wants to have stand out.

Holding and Catering

Where the extras are being held, and where the food is located on a film set.

Any color in reference to the color spectrum and/or a gradation or variety of shades of a color tint.

An imaginary axis used by artists to determine where the weight of the body changes.

Licensed Aestheticians

Expert in skin care.

Makeup Department Head

The person in charge of designing and running the makeup department.

Color right out of the tube or pure powder pigment.

Mattifying Products

Products that are made to take down shine.

Plural for medium used in fine arts to refer to the material or technique with which an artist works, and/or a liquid with which pigments are mixed.

Moisture Filter

A filter for the purpose of removing water from air.

Any color mixed with white. The various shades of a single color.

Gloves made of nitrile rubber, a synthetic rubber resistant to fuel, oil, and other chemicals. Nitrile gloves can be worn when working with platinum-addition RTV silicone (used in prosthetic making) since they will not react negatively with the silicone.

A filter made for the purpose of removing oil from air.

Not transparent (see-through/clear glass) nor translucent (semi-see-through/frosted glass); not allowing light to pass through.

Official time record of work being done for payment.

A brand name paint color created by Pantone, Inc., using their Pantone Matching System for creating specific colors for various uses, such as painting prosthetics.

Acrylic paint mixed with Pros-Aide adhesive used for painting prosthetic appliances.

Plasteline Clay

A type of modeling clay that can be used in mold-making.

A fast-curing rubber that can be used as an adhesive to adhere a prosthetic to the skin.

A brand-name compound used to thicken polyurethane rubbers and plastics for making brushed molds and shells. The level of thickening can be easily controlled to make thin gels to thicker pastes.

The open or working time for how long you can manipulate a material before it starts to set or cure (harden).

Three primary colors that can be mixed together to make all other colors.

A prosthetic adhesive.

Pounds per square inch, a measurement of air pressure.

The intensity of a distinctive hue or saturation of a color. Similar to chroma, which is the purity of a color or its freedom from white or gray.

A wave of radiant energy in the form of beams of light, such as ultraviolet rays.

RCW Color Wheel

In Don Jusko's color wheel, every color has an opposite color to be used in mixing neutral darks.

Reflected Light

A light source that is produced by bouncing off of objects in the surrounding environment.

Products that help to remove cast items from their mold.

Products that come in many different formulas used to remove adhesives, eye makeup, or a variety of makeup applications.

Scene numbers in the script.

Secondary Colors

Colors made by mixing together two primary colors.

Secondary Colors in Light

The combination of two primary colors.

The time that stand-ins and background actors report to the set.

When a form turns away from the light source, half-tones become darker until the light completely goes away.

Inert, synthetic compounds with a variety of forms and uses. Typically, heat-resistant and rubber-like, used in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, cosmetics, and so on.

Smith's Prosthetic Deadener

A prosthetic additive developed by the special effects Makeup Designer, Gordon J. Smith, as part of Smith's Prosthetic System (see Deadener).

A photographic lighting device used to create a soft, diffused (made less brilliant) light by directing light through a diffusing material, or by bouncing light off a second surface.

Sun protection factor.

A technique used to balance out the skin tone.

To use an up-and-down motion while applying makeup with a brush, sponge, or textured sponge.

Stipple sponges

Textured sponges used for different stippling effects.

Superior Mesenteric

Blood returns to circulation by way of the small intestine.

Caused by the center of gravity being shifted from one leg to another.

The surface properties of a color.

Thinners are products made to thin adhesive products.

Adding white to any hue.

Adding white to a color.

Permitting light to pass through but diffusing it so that persons, objects, and so on on the opposite side are not clearly visible (e.g., frosted glass).

Easily seen through; having the property of transmitting rays of light through its substance so that bodies or objects situated beyond or behind can be distinctly seen (e.g., clear glass). Dyes that are clear.

Any three colors that are 120 degrees apart on the color wheel.

Adding clear media.

Light rays that penetrate the surface of the skin and damage the connective tissue.

Light rays that cause damage to the surface of the skin such as burning.

The centerline that correctly defines proportions of the facial features when the head is moved in different angles.

Refers to the tone (tonal value) which is the degree of lightness or darkness of a color, as it appears on object.

The presence of all colors in the light.

Working Out of Your Kit

An expression used by Makeup Artists to refer to the products that they will be using from their own makeup kit.

Term called by the assistant director at completion of the day's filming.