For many hundreds of years, people in Eastern Europe have treated epileptic seizures with the quick administration of shoe smell. This smell (and specifically this smell) has the power to arrest the seizure, or so says the folk wisdom.
Fact or fiction?
If the brain were a boxing glove, the temporal lobe would be the thumb (your brain actually has two of these “thumbs,” one on either side). The temporal lobe is the home of memory, speech, and hearing, and also houses the olfactory cortex, where we process smell. When the temporal lobe seizes, as it might during an epileptic incident, the onset is frequently marked by phantom smells, a condition called phantosmia (not to be confused with parosmia, in which a present smell is distorted).
Research published in the June 2008 issue of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery suggests that a strong smell administered just as a seizure starts functions like a slap to the face or the shock of defibrillation paddles to reset “truth” in the olfactory cortex, thereby stopping seizure in the temporal lobe. And in yesteryear’s Eastern Europe, where the folk cure of shoe smell originated, shoes were made of tanned leather and likely to be crusted with mud, sweat, and a panoply of other various and sundry smells—in other words, shoes were the smelliest, most easily accessible things at hand in the cases of most epileptic seizures.
So there may be at least some truth to the folk cure.
Seizure and the Gender Switch
The journal Epilepsy & Behavior reports the case of a thirty-seven-year-old woman whose seizures give her the sense of becoming a man. During seizure, she believes she has a deeper voice and hairier arms. Researchers found damage in her right amygdala and surrounding right temporal lobe, which may be important pieces of the network that defines our sense of self and sexual identity.