Index

ABC see Brazilian Culture Association
Abramo, L. 36
Academy of Letters (ABL) 2, 9
Ação! (newsletter) 92, 122
Ação Nacional (newspaper) 92
ACCALE see Arcy Lopes Estrella Civic and Cultural Association
Action Française 3
AIB see Brazilian Integralist Action
Aires, L. 8
Albuquerque, Hermes M. L. e 46, 47
Alerta (newspaper) 98
Almeida, J. A. de 37
Alves, D. 129, 134
Alves, S. R. 11
Ameal, J. 80
Amorim, R. 126
Anauê! (magazine) 26, 29, 51, 55
ANL (the National Liberation Alliance, Aliança Nacional Libertadora) 14
anti-communism 7–8, 54, 56–57, 71, 93, 99, 113, 124, 129
Anti-fascist Youth 104
anti-semitic literature 11
anti-semitism and neointegralism 112–114
Appolo Sport Club 43
Aquino, T. de 8
Aranha, A. E. de S. 2, 4, 44
Aranha, O. de S. 2, 44
Arcy Lopes Estrella Civic and Cultural Association (ACCALE) 124–127, 129–132
Arruda, R. 6, 83
Association of Graduates of the Superior War School (ADESG) 104
A bagaceira (Almeida) 37

Bandeira do Sigma (newsletter) 121
Baptista, J. 42
Barbuy, V. E. V. 115, 125, 126–127
Baron 47
Barreto, J. C. 108
Barros, A. de 61, 62
Barroso, G. 32, 46, 94, 97, 108; amendments in anti-Semitic texts of 113; anti-Semitic text of 116; and anti-Semitism 113–114; during clandestine period of integralism 44; excursions were led by 21; joining the movement 8, 11–12; nomination 36
Battisti, C. 121
Battle of Praça da Sé 36
Benário, O. 7
Bittencourt, D. de 8, 11
Bobrow, J. 96
Bolshevism 26
Bolsonaro, F. 126
Bolsonaro, J. 119, 121, 126
Bolsonaro government: attack on the Porta dos Fundos headquarters 129–132, 134–135; and political violence 127–129
Braga, N. 84
Braga, R. 31
Bragança, D. B. de O. e 99
Bragança, D. L. de O. e 99, 102
Bragard 47
Branco, C. 71
Brasil Feminino (magazine) 27–28
Brazilian Agricultural Workers Union (UOCB) 57, 74, 80–81
Brazilian Black Front (FNB) 11
Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) 7
Brazilian Culture Association (ABC) 39; attempts to refound 83–84; and democratic transition 82–85
Brazilian Democratic Movement 72
Brazilian Democratic Union (UDB) 37
Brazilian Imperial Monarchic Movement 95
Brazilian Institute for Democratic Action 70
Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB) 1–42; attempts to refound 83–84; and democratic transition 82–85; Estado Novo coup, support for 36–39; expansion and growth 12–14, 16; formation of integralism 1–3; Getúlio Vargas assassination attempt 40–42; Green-shirt propaganda 25–30; Gustavo Barroso 8, 11–12; the integralist family 16–18, 20; integralist uprising of 1938 40–42; Italian fascism 3; Miguel Reale 8, 11–12; neo-Nazism and the ousting of Anésio 94–97; opposition and conflict 30–36; organization 15; Plínio Salgado 1–3; principles 4–8; protocols 20–25; return of 89–91; rituals 20–25; and skinheads 93–94; three leaders and some enemies 8, 11–12
Brazilian Integralist and Linearist Movement (MIL-B) 111–114
Brazilian Integralist Front (FIB) 114–118, 131; and ACCALE 127, 129; and the Brazilian Labor Renovation Party (PRTB) 127
Brazilian Integralist Movement (MIB) 107
Brazilian Labor Renovation Party (PRTB) 123, 124–127, 130
Brazilian Literacy Movement 74
Brazilian Patriotic Imperial Action 4
Brazilian Social Action (national fascist party) 4
Brizola, L. 67
Bueno, A. H. C. 78, 80, 86
Buzaid, A. 74, 77, 90

Cabocla (Couto) 2
Café Filho 58
Câmara, D. H. 7, 8, 36
Camargo, A. 86
Campos, F. de 38
Campos Júnior, A. L. 89–92, 94, 96, 100, 105, 107; ousting of 94–97
Cândido, J. 11
Candu, L. 14, 16
Carecas 93
Carlos, J. 2
Carmo, L. G. do 49
Carneiro, E. 100, 118–119, 125
Carvalho, J. B. de 86, 104
Carvalho, L. G. de 41
Carvalho, O. de 132
Carvalho, P. B. 86
Casa Plínio Salgado 85–87, 102, 125
Cascudo, L. da C. 26
Castan, S. E. 94
Castro Jr, J. C. P. de 39
Catholic Electoral League (LEC, Liga Eleitoral Católica) 8
Catholicism 8
Cavalcante, S. 91
Cavalcanti, N. 37, 39
Cearense Labor Legion (Legião Cearense do Trabalho) 4
Cedade (magazine) 97
Chateaubriand, A. 35
Chrispim, A. 81
Christian Democratic Party (PDC) 90
Ciano, G. 3
Coelho, J. 92
Constitutionalist Revolution 4
Corbisier, R. 3
Correio da Manhã (newspaper) 41
Costa, H. R. da 130
Costa, P. F. M. da 105, 117, 119, 127, 129–130, 134
Cotrim Neto, A. B. 77
Couto, R. 2, 47
Crusade for National Renewal 74
Cuba, diplomatic relations with 69
cultural Marxism 105, 126
Cunha, F. da 39
Cunha, H. da 78, 82–83

Damasceno, E. M. 49, 105, 119, 127, 132
Democratic Movement against Nazism 96
Dezembrada (music festival) 123
Dicionário do folclore brasileiro (“Brazilian Folklore Dictionary”) (Cascudo) 26
Dilma Rousseff, fall of 120–124
Dorea, G. R. 56, 82–83, 125
Dutra, E. G. 40, 44, 51, 56

Erundina, L. 96
Estado Novo coup, support for 36–39; see also Brazilian Integralist Action
Estrella, A. L. 98, 99, 100, 102–103, 109
Eustáquio, O. 134
Evola, J. 132

Faria, O. de 26
fascism 3, 4, 7, 11, 32, 35, 44, 49, 51–54, 58, 63, 67–68, 91, 95, 105, 123, 126, 129
Fauzi, E. 126, 132
FIB see Brazilian Integralist Front
Fidelix, L. 123, 127, 134
Figueira, G. J. 121
Figueiredo, E. 39, 40
Figueiredo, J. 90
First Temptation of Christ, The (film) 130
Folha de S. Paulo (newspaper) 31, 96
Fonte, C. da 42
Fontes, R. A. R. 87, 92
Fora Battisti 121
Fournier, S. 39, 40–41
Franco, F. 97
Franco, M. 126
Frank, W. 26
freemasonry 113
Freitas, M. de 9–10, 13

Genro, T. 121
Girl from Ipanema (Moraes) 26
Globo and Folha de São Paulo (media outlet) 77
Gomes, C. 130
Gomes, E. 51, 54
Good Press Youth Crusade (Cruzada Juvenil da Boa Imprensa) 43–44
Goulart, J. (Jango) 68, 70–72
Gracie, H. 17
Gramsci, A. 105
GRD publishing house 70, 125–126
Green Help (Socorro Verde) 43
Green-shirt Protestants 8
Grünewald, A. R. 74
Guimarães, J. B. 35
Guimarães, U. 77
Gullo, D. 80

Hitler, A. 47, 94
Hitler’s War (Irving) 97
Hoffmann, A. 68, 77, 90
Holocaust Denial 94, 95, 105, 112

Idade Nova (newspaper) 98
Informativo CEDI (newsletter) 102
Institute for Economic and Social Research 70
Instituto Carioca de Estudos Brasileiros 41
integralism: and Catholicism 8; expansion and growth 12–14, 16; formation and principles 4–8; Getúlio Vargas assassination attempt 40–42; green-shirt propaganda 25–30; integralist family 16–18, 20; opposition and conflict 30–36; protocols 20–25; rituals 20–25; Salgado, rise of 1–3; support for the Estado Novo coup 36–39; and symbology 5–6, 23; three leaders and some enemies 8–9, 10, 11–12; and uniforms 5, 20; uprising of 1938 40–42
integralism between democracy and dictatorship 43–76; alliances and the integralist symbology 63–71; dictatorship 71–76; 1955 elections 58–59, 61–63; end of integralism 71–76; Plínio Salgado, death of 71–76; Plínio Salgado, return of 50–52; PRP, formation of 50–52; PRP and Plínio Salgado 52–58
Integralist Action Party (PAI) 89
integralist greeting 6
integralist groups (from 1975 to 2001) 79
Integralist Militia 31–32
Integralist Studies and Debate Center (CEDI) 98, 99–100

The International Jew 11
Irving, D. 97
Italian fascism 3

Jefferson, R. 134
Jordy, C. 125, 126
Jornal do Brasil (newspaper) 7
Jornal do Povo (newspaper) 36

Kaminski, E. O. 53–54
Kozel Filho, Mário 119
Kubitschek, J. 62, 67, 69

Lacerda, C. 62, 68
Lacerda, R. 84
Leite, A. 77
Leo XIII 7
Lima, A. A. 8, 51, 73
Lima, M. 114, 134
Lima, N. de 77–78
Lima, R. B. 40, 70
Lisboa, C. 38
Livraria Clássica Brasileira publishing house 57
Lott, M. H. T. 69
Loureiro Júnior, José 14, 38–39, 42, 46, 63, 75
Luís, W. 3
Luiz, I. 90
Lula 121
Lusitanian integralism 3
Luz, I. 71

Machado, O. 8
Maçonaria, judaísmo e comunismo 11
Macron, E. 129
Maestri, M. 53
Magalhães, A. 13
Majority Parliamentary Block (Bloco Parlamentar da Maioria) 62
Maluf, P. 86, 96
Mangabeira, O. 39, 40
A Manhã (newspaper) 30
Manifesto de Outubro 4–5
A Marcha (newspaper) 55–56, 70, 81
Martino, D. Di 118
Maya, R. 95
Mazzilli, R. 72
Medeiros, J. 43, 77, 80–82, 89, 108
Médici, E. G. 73, 90
Médici, S. 90
Meirelles, A. C. 87–88, 93
Melo, M. de S. e 74
Melo, M. N. de 44
Melo, O. de 7, 13
Mendez, M. 98, 99–101, 118; death and impact on neointegralism 102
MIL-B (Brazilian Integralist and Linearist Movement) 111–114
Military Junta 73, 74
Mondin, G. 53, 63, 66–67, 72, 77, 78, 88
Monitor Integralista (official AIB news outlet) 20–21
Monsaraz, A. de 49
Monteiro, G. 37–38
Montoro, F. 77
Moraes, V. de 26
Mota, J. 7, 8, 13
Motta Filho, C. 4
Mourão Filho, O. 6, 32, 37, 71
Mourão, G. M. 119
Müller, F. 39, 40
multipartisanship 84–85
Mussolini, B. 1–2

Nascimento, A. do 11
Nascimento, J. 40
Nassenstein, A. 48
National Democratic Union (UND) 103–104
National Housing Bank (BNH) 74
National Institute of Immigration and Colonization 62
Nationalist Action Party (PAN) 87–89, 93
Nationalist People Insurgency Command (CIPN) 127–128
National Liberation Alliance (ANL) 7
National Order Reconstruction Party (Prona) 100, 118
National Renewal Alliance 72
National-Syndicalist Movement 49
National Syndicalist Party (Partido Nacional Sindicalista) 4
Navarro, S. 71
Nazism 11, 47, 94, 95, 96, 100, 127
neofascism 95, 123
neointegralism, origins of 78; AIB, neo-Nazism and the ousting of Anésio 94–97; the AIB, the ABC, and the democratic transition 82–85; AIB and skinheads 93–94; Casa Plínio Salgado and the lasting presence of integralism 85–87; Integralist studies and debate center 98–101; national renewal crusade 80–82; new conflict in Praça da Sé 92–93; Plínio Salgado Culture Center 97–98; and political parties 87–89; return of the Brazilian Integralist Action 89–91
neointegralism in the 21st Century 102–135; attack on the Porta dos Fundos headquarters 129–132, 134–135; Bolsonarism and political violence 127–129; Brazilian Integralist and Linearist Movement 111–114; Brazilian Integralist Front (FIB) 114–118; demonstrations and the fall of Dilma Rousseff 120–124; First Congress of the 21st century 103–105, 107; introduction 102–103; Neointegralism and Prona 118–119; neointegralists and the escalation of authoritarianism 124–127; Revolutionary Integralist Action 108–109, 111
Neo-nazism 94, 95, 100
Neves, R. 90
Neves, T. 70, 90
Nicholas II 11
Nogueira, A. 58
A Noite (newspaper) 41
Nosso Brasil (Salgado) 86
Nova Offensiva (media outlet) 116

O Dia (newspaper) 66
O Estadão (newspaper) 129–130
O Estado de S. Paulo (newspaper) 7
O estrangeiro 3
O imbecil coletivo (Carvalho) 132
O integralismo revolucionário de Plínio Salgado (Dorea) 132
O Integralista (newspaper) 27, 89
Oliveira, A. S. de 34
Oliveira, D. P. de 35
Oliveira, de S. A. 36–37
O nazismo breve história ilustrada (Schiling) 97

Padilha, R. 43, 46, 51, 59, 77
Paiva, A. J. R. 103–104
Panorama (magazine) 28
Pasqualini, A. 54
Patriotic Brazilian Women Action 57
Patriots 129, 130
Pedro II, C. 91
Pedrosa, M. 35
Pen, M. Le 125
People Representation Party (PRP) 44, 84; see also Salgado, P.
Pereira Filho, G. 46, 80
Pessoa, J. 2
Picchia, M. del 77, 80
Pinto, A. R. 68, 71, 88
Pinto, F. J. 37
Pizzotti, J. 108–109, 111, 115
Plínio Salgado Culture Center (CCPS) 97–98
political violence 127–129
Pope Leo XIII 3
Porta dos Fundos 129–132
Porta dos Fundos (Video production company) 130
Portela, P. 77
Portuguese Legion (political police) 46
Povoleri, W. 82–83
Praça da Sé, conflict in 92–93
Prestes, J. 3
Prestes, L. C. 7, 92
Prona 130; and neointegralism 118–119
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 11
PRP (People Representation Party) 44
PRTB see Brazilian Labor Renovation Party
PVDE (Polícia de Vigilância e Defesa do Estado) (political police) 46

Quadros, J. 68–70

Rademaker, A. 73
Ramos, A. G. 11
A Razão (newspaper) 4
Reale, M. 8–9, 11–12, 36, 56, 77, 89, 90; during clandestine period of integralism 44; joining the movement 8, 11–12; led the first AIB march 20–21; nomination 36
“Renovação Nacional” (newspaper) 81, 108
Rerum Novarum 3
Revisão (publishing house) 94
Revolutionary Integralist Action (AIR) 107–109, 111
Revolution of 1930 2
Ricardo, C. 119
Rodrigues, I. 11
Rosica, N. 33–34
Rousseff, D. 126
Rummert Júnior, Fritz 30

Salazar, A. de O. 44, 45
Salgado, C. P. 16, 41, 45, 52, 78, 80, 84, 85, 86, 108–109; death of 89; organizing the second Brazilian Culture Association (ABC) 83–84; originating the Plínio Salgado Fund 108
Salgado, H. 42
Salgado, M. A. 16, 78, 85
Salgado, P. 1–3, 75–78; alliances and the integralist symbology in the parliament 63–71; during the clandestine period of integralism 43–44; death 75–78; dictatorship 71–72; 1955 elections 58–59, 61–63; 1966 elections 72–74; formation of the PRP 50–52; and Mussolini 1–3; Plínio Salgado Brazilian Studies Association 78, 80; Portugal, exile in 47–50; projects for the PRP 52–58; retirement from public life 74–75; returned to Brazil 52; return to Brazil 50–52
Sanches, J. C. 92
Santos, P. S. dos 8
Santos, S. 95
Sarney, J. 90
SBT (TV channel) 95
Schellenberg, W. 47–48
Schröder, E. E. 47
Serra, J. 121
Setúbal, O. 77
Sigma: return of the 63–64; see also Brazilian Integralist Action
Sigma-Film 30
Sigma-Jornais Reunidos (“Compiled Sigma Newspapers”) 26, 29
Silva, C. e 73
Silva, D. L. e 8
Silva, J. F. da 8, 41, 81
Silveira, C. G. R. 104, 111–115, 123
Silveira, M. B. da 102, 105, 115
Silver Bell (symbol of the PRP) 55
skinheads 93–94
Soares, V. 2
Social Democratic Party (PSD) 51
Socialism and Freedom Party (PSOL) 123
social media 124–125
social networks 116–117
Social Security Institute for Public Servants 62
Social Service of Industry (SESI) 55–56
Sociedade de Estudos Políticos (SEP) 4
Souza, M. de M. e 73
Spinelli, C. 35
Spiritualist Nationalism Study Society (Sene) 112
Suplicy, E. 96
Tavares, J. 63
Tavares, R. 126–127
Távora, J. 61, 62
Teixeira, A. 71, 90
Telles, G. S. 51
Thomaz, E. 122
Torelly, A. F. de B. 30, 36
Torres, A. 125
Tradition, Family, and Property (TFP) 99
A tragédia burguesa (Moraes) 26
Tribuna da Imprensa (newspaper) 62, 65
Trotsky, L. 114
Tupã Rooster (symbology of MIL-B) 113–114

UFRJ 132
Ultra Defesa (neo-fascist group) 122
Unified Workers Central (CUT) 92
UNIRIO 128, 131
United States Information Agency (Usia) 70

Valverde, B. 39, 40
Vargas 37, 38; and Estado Novo Coup 38; supported Dutra 51
Vargas, G. 2, 3, 21, 32, 36, 134; assassination attempt 40–42; suicide 61; victory of 54
Vasconcellos, S. de 116, 126
Vasconcelos, W. 126
Veloso, J. P. dos R. 74
verde-amarelismo 2, 4
Vida de Jesus (Salgado) 48
Vieira, L. 77
Voz do Oeste Publishing House 85–86

Wagner, A. 16
Winter, S. 134
women in integralist movement 16–17, 18
Workers’ Party (PT, Partido dos Trabalhadores) 35

Youth Cultural Centers Confederation (CCCJ) 74, 75

Zanello, O. 68, 69, 71, 72
Zanine, A. 94
Zarranz, B. 125–126