CANTO XX

               When he who graces all the world with light   

                       has sunk so far below our hemisphere

                       that on all sides the day is spent, the sky,

4             which had been lit before by him alone,

                       immediately shows itself again

                       with many lights reflecting one same source,

7             and I remembered this celestial course

                       when, in the blessed beak, the emblem of

                       the world and of its guardians fell silent;

10           for then all of those living lights grew more

                       resplendent, but the songs that they began

                       were labile—they escape my memory.

13           O gentle love that wears a smile as mantle,

                       how ardent was your image in those torches

                       filled only with the breath of holy thoughts!

16           After the precious, gleaming jewels with which

                       the sixth of Heaven’s heavens was engemmed

                       had ended their angelic song in silence,

19           I seemed to hear the murmur of a torrent

                       that, limpid, falls from rock to rock, whose flow

                       shows the abundance of its mountain source.

22           Even as sound takes shape at the lute’s neck,

                       and even as the wind that penetrates

                       the blow-hole of the bagpipe, so—with no

25           delay—that murmur of the Eagle rose

                       straight up, directly through its neck as if

                       its neck were hollow; and that murmuring

28           became a voice that issued from its beak,

                       taking the shape of words desired by   

                       my heart—and that is where they were transcribed.

31           “Now you must watch—and steadily—that part   

                       of me that can, in mortal eagles, see

                       and suffer the sun’s force,” it then began

34           to say to me, “because, of all the flames

                       from which I shape my form, those six with which

                       the eye in my head glows hold highest rank.

37           He who gleams in the center, my eye’s pupil—   

                       he was the singer of the Holy Spirit,

                       who bore the ark from one town to another;

40           now he has learned the merit will can earn—   

                       his song had not been spurred by grace alone,

                       but his own will, in part, had urged him on.

43           Of those five flames that, arching, form my brow,

                       he who is nearest to my beak is one

                       who comforted the widow for her son;   

46           now he has learned the price one pays for not   

                       following Christ, through his experience

                       of this sweet life and of its opposite.

49           And he whose place is next on the circumference   

                       of which I speak, along the upward arc,

                       delayed his death through truthful penitence;

52           now he has learned that the eternal judgment   

                       remains unchanged, though worthy prayer below

                       makes what falls due today take place tomorrow.

55           The next who follows—one whose good intention   

                       bore evil fruit—to give place to the Shepherd,

                       with both the laws and me, made himself Greek;

58           now he has learned that, even though the world

                       be ruined by the evil that derives

                       from his good act, that evil does not harm him.

61           He whom you see—along the downward arc—   

                       was William, and the land that mourns his death,

                       for living Charles and Frederick, now laments;

64           now he has learned how Heaven loves the just

                       ruler, and he would show this outwardly

                       as well, so radiantly visible.

67           Who in the erring world below would hold

                       that he who was the fifth among the lights

                       that formed this circle was the Trojan Ripheus?   

70           Now he has learned much that the world cannot

                       discern of God’s own grace, although his sight

                       cannot divine, not reach its deepest site.”

73           As if it were a lark at large in air,   

                       a lark that sings at first and then falls still,

                       content with final sweetness that fulfills,

76           such seemed to me the image of the seal   

                       of that Eternal Pleasure through whose will

                       each thing becomes the being that it is.

79           And though the doubt I felt there was as plain   

                       as any colored surface cloaked by glass,

                       it could not wait to voice itself, but with

82           the thrust and weight of urgency it forced

                       “Can such things be?” out from my lips, at which

                       I saw lights flash—a vast festivity.

85           And then the blessed sign—its eye grown still

                       more bright—replied, that I might not be kept

                       suspended in amazement: “I can see

88           that, since you speak of them, you do believe

                       these things but cannot see how they may be;

                       and thus, though you believe them, they are hidden.

91           You act as one who apprehends a thing

                       by name but cannot see its quiddity   

                       unless another set it forth to him.

94           Regnum celorum suffers violence   

                       from ardent love and living hope, for these

                       can be the conquerors of Heaven’s Will;

97           yet not as man defeats another man:

                       the Will of God is won because It would

                       be won and, won, wins through benevolence.

100         You were amazed to see the angels’ realm.

                       adorned with those who were the first and fifth   

                       among the living souls that form my eyebrow.

103         When these souls left their bodies, they were not

                       Gentiles—as you believe—but Christians, one

                       with firm faith in the Feet that suffered, one

106         in Feet that were to suffer. One, from Hell,   

                       where there is no returning to right will,

                       returned to his own bones, as the reward

109         bestowed upon a living hope, the hope

                       that gave force to the prayers offered God

                       to resurrect him and convert his will.

112         Returning briefly to the flesh, that soul

                       in glory—he of whom I speak—believed

                       in Him whose power could help him and, believing,

115         was kindled to such fire of true love

                       that, when he died a second death, he was

                       worthy to join in this festivity.

118         The other, through the grace that surges from   

                       a well so deep that no created one

                       has ever thrust his eye to its first source.

121         below, set all his love on righteousness,

                       so that, through grace on grace, God granted him

                       the sight of our redemption in the future;

124         thus he, believing that, no longer suffered

                       the stench of paganism and rebuked

                       those who persisted in that perverse way.

127         More than a thousand years before baptizing,   

                       to baptize him there were the same three women

                       you saw along the chariot’s right-hand side.

130         How distant, o predestination, is   

                       your root from those whose vision does not see

                       the Primal Cause in Its entirety!

133         And, mortals, do take care—judge prudently:

                       for we, though we see God, do not yet know   

                       all those whom He has chosen; but within

136         the incompleteness of our knowledge is

                       a sweetness, for our good is then refined

                       in this good, since what God wills, we too will.”

139         So, from the image God Himself had drawn,

                       what I received was gentle medicine;

                       and I saw my shortsightedness plainly.

142         And as a lutanist accompanies

                       expert—with trembling strings, the expert singer,

                       by which the song acquires sweeter savor,

145         so, while the Eagle spoke—I can remember

                       I saw the pair of blessed lights together,

                       like eyes that wink in concord, move their flames

148         in ways that were at one with what he said.