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Acts of Resumption, 108, 109, 124, 152, 249
Adeliza of Louvain, 197
Aeneid (Virgil), 310
Agincourt, battle of, 19–20, 23, 21, 42, 63, 77, 79, 84, 106, 171
Aiscough, William, bishop of Salisbury, 110, 112, 113, 121
Alençon, duke of, 79–80
Alexander the Great, 150
Alfred the Great, 74
Álvarez de Toledo, Juan, 5
André, Bernard, 303, 304, 310, 315, 316
Anne of Bohemia, queen of England, 17
Anne of Brittany, 313
Anne of Burgundy, 44–45
Anne of France, 285
Anne of York, 248
Anne of York, duchess of Exeter, 119, 211, 230
Anthony, Bastard of Burgundy, 212–13, 265
Argentine, John, 277
armor and weaponry, 186–87
Arras, Congress of, 76–78, 81, 265
Arundel, earls of, see FitzAlan
Arthur, King, 248, 301, 304
Arthur, Prince of Wales, 304–5, 319–23
Arthurton, George, 29
Aspall, Robert, 177
Asteley, Joan, 29
Atwater, John, 312
Audley, James Tuchet, 158–61, 169
Bannister, Ralph, 284
Barking Abbey, 67–69, 82, 130
Barnet, battle of, 232–37, 261
Beauchamp, bishop of Salisbury, 190
Beauchamp, Richard, earl of Warwick, 29, 74, 78, 151
Beauchamp, Walter, 29
Beaufort, Henry, 143
Beaufort, Cardinal, 35–39, 56, 76, 77, 81–82, 84–86, 91, 122
Gloucester and, 36–39, 77, 81
Beaufort, Edmund, duke of Somerset, 61–62, 64, 66, 91, 94, 101–2, 119–20, 122–25, 128–29, 133, 136–38, 140, 153, 172, 231, 235, 261
death of, 143, 144, 153, 154
Henry VI and, 122, 132, 137, 140
Margaret of Anjou and, 134, 153
Norfolk and, 134
Oldhall and, 125–26
at St. Albans, 142–44, 153–55
at Tewkesbury, 237–29
York and, 122–23, 125–29, 134, 136–39, 141, 144
Beaufort, Joan, 91
Beaufort, Margaret, 153–54, 246, 260–63, 280–84, 286, 294, 301–2, 308, 326
death of, 326
Henry VII’s coronation and, 301–2
queenly status accorded to, 302
Beaufort, Henry, duke of Somerset, 155, 156, 162, 167, 176–77, 181, 182
Edward IV and, 202–3
execution of, 203
Henry VI and, 203
Beaufort, John duke of Somerset, 86, 91, 153, 238
Beaufort, Thomas, duke of Exeter, 28, 119, 127, 267
Beaumaris, 117, 121
Beaumont, Lord, 230
Beaumont, Viscount, 111, 168–70, 172
Bedford, dukes of, see John of Lancaster; Neville; Plantagenet; Tudor
Bedford Hours, 44
Bermondsey Abbey, 64
Bernard, count of Armagnac, 19
Berney, John, 202–3
Bettini, Sforza de’, 147, 229, 235
Black Book, The, 248
Blacman, John, 75, 92, 227, 240
Blake, Thomas, 254
Blore Heath, 159–61, 166, 169
Blount, William, 234
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 6
Boleyn, Anne, 3, 334, 336
Bona of Savoy, 198–99, 201, 204
Bonville, Lord, 182, 183
Bonville and Courtenay families, feud between, 101, 124–25, 128, 152
Bordeaux, 131
Bosworth, battle of, 297–300, 308, 309, 311, 316, 319, 332
Bourchier, Henry, earl of Essex, 206
Bourchier, Thomas Cardinal, 139, 158, 169, 196, 274, 296–97
Boutiller, Alice, 29
Brackenbury, Robert, 288
Brandon, William, 297
Bray, Reginald, 286, 325
Bridget of York, 248, 262
Brittany, 258–60, 284–86, 290, 313–14
Brotherman, Margaret, 29
Brut Chronicle, 50, 53, 71, 77
Brutus, 304
Buckingham, dukes of, see Stafford
Burdet, Thomas, 254–56
Bureau, Jean, 131
Burgh, Thomas, 224
Burgundy, 76–79, 198, 215, 259
Burgundy, dukes of, see Charles the Bold; John the Fearless; Philip the Bold; Philip the Good; Valois
Butler, Eleanor, 275
Butler, James, earl of Ormond, 129
Butler, James, earl of Wiltshire, 166–67, 168, 172, 180, 181, 190
Cade, Jack, 110–16, 118, 120, 168, 218
Cadwaladr, 210, 293, 301, 304
Calais, 126, 127, 137, 151, 154, 155, 157–58, 163, 165, 167, 199, 225, 239, 259, 268, 314, 323–24
Callcott, Maria, 5–6
Calot, Lawrence, 48
Canterbury Tales, The (Chaucer), 68, 337
Catesby, William, 288
Catherine de Valois, 22–26, 28–30, 34, 47, 53, 59–65, 81, 122, 130
Beaufort and, 61–62, 64
children of, by Tudor, 63–64
Henry VI born to, 25
illness and death of, 64–65
marriage to Henry V, 15, 17, 21–22, 47, 59
Tudor’s relationship with and marriage to, 59, 62–65, 67
Catherine of Aragon, queen of England, 328
marriage to Arthur,319–20, 323
marriage to Henry VIII, 321, 326, 334
Pole and, 2, 3
Catherine of York, 248, 323
Catholic Church, 3–4, 23
Caxton, William, 266, 304
Cecily of York, 215, 247
Chapuys, Eustace, 2, 3
Charles IV, king of France, 47
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 330, 333
Charles VI, king of France, 15, 17–19, 22, 27
madness of, 17–19, 21, 27, 132
Charles VII, king of France, 17, 22, 41, 44–46, 57, 60, 84, 107, 124, 126, 187
Congress of Arras and, 76–78
coronation of, 52–53
death of, 194
Henry VI’s peace talks with, 94–95
Joan of Arc and, 50, 52–53
Margaret of Anjou and, 83, 86
Normandy invasion and, 102–3
Charles VIII, king of France, 285, 289, 291
marriage to Anne of Brittany, 313
Treaty of Étaples and, 314
Warbeck and, 313, 314
Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 213–14, 217, 228, 248, 255
Charles, duke of Orléans, 19, 107
Chaucer, Alice, 81
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 68, 337
Chaucer, Mary, 68
Chepstow, 246
Cheyne, John, 286
Chichele, Henry, archbishop of Canterbury, 38, 54
Christchurch Cathedral, 307
Christmas, Stephen, 124
Clarence, dukes of, see Lionel of Antwerp; Plantagenet; Thomas of Lancaster
Clifford, John, 155, 169, 177, 178, 187, 188
Clifford, Robert, 315, 316
Clifford, Thomas, 141, 143
Clinton, John, 166
Cobham, Eleanor, 32, 85–86. 89, 95–97, 254
Cobham, Lord, 127
Colville, Cuthbert, 105
Commynes, Philippe de, 231, 263, 264, 280, 292
Compain, Guillaume, 259
Congress of Arras, 76–78, 81, 265
Conyers, John, 218, 220
Conyers, John (son), 220
Cook, Thomas, 215
Coppini, Franceso, bishop of Terni, 168–69, 178
Cornazzano, Antonio, 200
Courtenay, Edward, earl of Devon, 301, 317
Courtenay, Henry, marquess of Exeter, 334
Courtenay, Hugh, 239
Courtenay, John, earl of Devon, 235, 237, 238
Courtenay, Peter, bishop of Exeter, 286
Courtenay, Thomas, earl of Devon, 124, 127, 139–40, 176–77, 190
Courtenay, William, earl of Devon, 323
Courtenay and Bonville families, feud between, 101, 124–25, 128, 152
Coventry, 149–50, 155, 156, 158, 163
Coventry, John, 36
Cromwell, Lord, 234
Crowmer, William, 114
Croyland Chronicle Continuations, 192, 193
Crue, Thomas, 322
Dartford, 138
Daubeney, Giles, 286, 317
Ddu, Robin, 67, 301
Decameron, The (Boccaccio), 6
Defoe, Daniel, 7
de Burgh, Walter, 125–26
de la Pole, Alice, 239
de la Pole, Alexander, 80
de la Pole, Edmund, 322–25, 328, 329
de la Pole, Humphrey, 322
de la Pole, John, 80
de la Pole, John, earl of, Lincoln, 307–11, 322
de la Pole, John, duke of Suffolk, 154, 166, 182, 187, 206, 321
de la Pole, Katherine, 67–69, 82
de la Pole Michael, 2nd earl of Suffolk, 79, 86, 93–95, 105–9, 119, 223, 239
banishment of, 107–9
Gloucester and, 95–97
Henry VI and, 69, 81–82, 91, 106, 107, 116, 120, 122–23
and Henry VI’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou, 84, 86–87
impeachment of, 107
murder of, 109, 110, 112, 116, 120
de la Pole, Michael, 3rd earl of Suffolk, 79
de la Pole, Richard, earl of Suffolk, 322–24, 328–31, 333
de la Pole, William, 322, 323
de la Pole William, earl of Suffolk, 50, 69, 79–82, 154
Henry VI and, 69, 81–82
at Jargeau, 79–80, 106, 107
wealth and power of, 80–82
De Mulieribus Admirandis (Cornazzano), 200
Denbigh, 166
Derby, earls of, see Stanley
Devereux, Walter, 153, 166, 180
Devon, earls of, see Courtenay; Stafford
Dudley, Edmund, 325, 326
Edgecote, battle of, 220, 223, 245
Edith of Wessex, 201
Edmund of Langley, duke of York, 89
Edmund, earl of March, 89
Edmund, earl of Rutland, 90, 162, 163, 166, 167, 174, 177, 178
Edward I, king of England, 6, 47, 117
Edward II, king of England, 26, 47, 172, 219, 281
death of, 208
Edward III, king of England, 8, 17, 21, 26, 61, 76, 89, 91, 92, 133, 135, 173, 248, 250, 264, 333
Edward IV, king of England (Edward, earl of March), 4, 6, 7, 9, 90, 162–64, 166, 167, 170, 174, 176, 178–80, 192–205, 208–9, 210–13, 215, 221, 222–26, 241, 245–47, 258–65, 272, 273, 286–89, 295, 300, 305, 308, 313, 322, 326, 332, 336, 337, 339–40
achievements of, 264–65
Act of Resumption passed by, 249
ascension to throne, 184–85, 192, 196, 202
at Barnet, 232–37
battles of, 185–91, 202, 210, 228–41
Buckingham and, 282
character and personality of, 192–93, 201
Clarence and, 230, 251–53, 255–57
coronation of, 191, 194, 210
death of, 9–10, 263–69, 340
at Edgecote, 220
England reconstructed by, 250, 265
in exile, 228
France invaded by, 259–60
genealogy of, 210, 337
Gloucester and, 250–51, 253
Hastings and, 268
Henry VI and, 185–86, 188, 190–91, 208, 232
and Henry VII’s marriage to Elizabeth of York, 302
Henry Tudor and, 258–60, 262–63
illegitimate children of, 263
imprisonment of, 220–21, 222–23
kingdom reclaimed by, 228–41, 292
land, titles, and offices redistributed by, 249
licentiousness of, 193, 263–64
Louis XI and, 215, 258–60
marriage discussed, 197–98
marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, 199–205, 208, 210, 211, 219, 275, 286, 339–40
Oxford and, 195
Percy and, 203
personal symbols of, 210
physical appearance of, 192, 263–64
political base expanded by, 196
protocols and ordinances set out by, 248
rebellions and, 195
Redesdale uprising and, 218–20
second reign of, 248–50, 264
Somerset and, 202–3
Stanley and, 261–63
at Tewkesbury, 236–39, 245–47
Warwick and, 195, 204, 205, 209, 211–16, 219–21, 222–23, 226–27
Woodville family and, 209
Edward V, king of England, 228, 231, 232, 247–49, 265, 266, 269–71, 274, 275, 281, 304, 305
birth of, 227
coronation planned for, 268, 270–72, 275
death of, 277–78, 280, 282, 323
Gloucester and, 270
imprisoned in Tower of London, 277–78, 280, 281, 323
Rivers and, 265–67, 269, 305
Edward VI, king of England, 3
Edward, earl of March, see Edward IV, king of England
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales, 253, 279, 286
death of, 288
Edward of Norwich, 171
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, 134–35, 149, 150, 151, 153, 158, 162, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 183, 194, 225–26, 228, 229, 235, 236, 245–46
Anne Neville and, 226
birth of, 133, 134
death of, 238, 240
Henry VI and, 134–35, 137
Towton battle and, 190–91
Edward the Confessor, St., 54–55, 133, 150, 185, 201, 227, 252
Elizabeth I, queen of England, 335–37
Elizabeth of Lancaster, duchess of Exeter, 92
Elizabeth of York, duchess of Suffolk, 154, 166, 206, 211, 321
Elizabeth of York, queen of England, 211, 213, 247, 305, 319, 320, 336
Arthur’s death and, 320–21
Bedford’s betrothal to, 224
children of, 304–5
death of, 321
marriage to Henry VII, 7, 283, 285, 290, 302–4, 314–15, 339
Richard III and, 190–91
Empson, Richard, 325, 326
Erasmus, 333
Essex, 115
Essex, earls of, see Bourchier
Étaples, Treaty of, 314
Ethelburga, St., 68–69
Eton College, 84
Exeter, dukes of, see Beaufort; Holland
Fastolf, John, 44, 52, 152
Ferdinand II, king of Spain, 319
Ferrers, Lord, 199
Ferrybridge, 187–88, 190
First English Life of Henry V, The, 327
Fisher, John, 301
FitzAlan, Willliam, earl of Arundel, 182
FitzHugh, Henry, 3rd baron FitzHugh, 28, 220
Fitzgerald, Gerald, earl of Kildare, 307
Fitzwalter, John Radcliffe, 315
Fitzwalter, Lord, 187
Fitzwilliam, William, earl of Southampton, 2
Fortescue, John, 191, 194
Fosbroke, Matilda, 29
Fougères, 102
Fox, Richard, 289
Frammesley, John, 108
Francis I, king of France, 329–31, 333
Francis II of Brittany, 258, 260, 284–86, 288, 313
François I, king of France, 21
Frulovisi, Tito Livio, 73, 327
Gascony, 86, 94, 124, 126, 129
Gloucester, dukes of, see Humphrey of Lancaster; Thomas of Woodstock
Glyndwr, Owain, 16, 59, 89
Gordon, Catherine, 317
Gough, Matthew, 114–15
Gower, John, 23
Great Chronicle, 277
Gregory’s Chronicle, 54
Grey, Edward, Lord Lisle, 309
Grey, John, 199, 200
Grey, Lord, 170
Grey, Richard, 199, 269–71, 275
Grey, Thomas, marquess of Dorset, 199, 208, 214, 237, 249, 262, 271–73, 286, 291, 309
Hastings and, 267, 268
Hall, Edward, 7, 336–37
Hallé, Jean de, 46
Harcourt, John, 286
Harington, John, 287
Harold, King, 299
Harris, John, 118
Hastings, William, 196, 204, 223, 228, 233, 234, 237, 250, 263, 268, 272, 274, 276, 286
Dorset and, 267, 268
murder of, 274, 277
Hayford, Humphrey, 215
Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 203, 204, 207, 218
Henry I, king of England, 197
Henry II, king of England, 19, 135, 259, 280
Henry III, king of England, 6, 26, 173
Henry IV, king of Castile, 198
Henry IV, king of England, 6–7, 15–17, 30, 54, 59, 60, 173, 178, 193, 229, 301
death of, 16
Glyndwr’s revolt against, 59, 89
succession after, 88–89
Henry V, king of England, 15–17, 19–21, 23–27, 31, 32, 44, 47, 59, 73, 76, 77, 79, 85, 88, 89, 95, 142, 172, 193, 225, 241, 259, 264, 326, 339
at Agincourt, 19–20, 171
biography of, 73
death of, 26, 28, 31, 33, 44, 60, 62, 88, 172, 267
Henry VIII’s emulation of, 327, 331
marriage to Catherine de Valois, 15, 17, 21–22, 47, 59
will of, 28, 31–33
Henry VI, king of England, 7, 9, 13, 26, 27, 46, 62, 69, 73–77, 129, 139–40, 144, 161, 165, 169, 178, 199, 211, 219, 231, 232–33, 256, 259, 261, 264, 267, 271, 272, 280, 292, 293, 300, 302, 327, 332, 333, 339
beginning of rule of, 78–79, 82
birth of, 25
Blacman’s memoir of, 75, 92, 227, 240
Bonville-Courtenay feud and, 101
Cade’s rebellion and, 113, 116
capture and imprisonment of, 170, 175, 178, 179
Charles VII’s peace talks with, 94–95
childhood of, 28–36, 38–40, 60, 75
Congress of Arras and, 76
Coppini and, 168–69
coronations of, 53–57, 60, 73, 74, 84, 87
and crisis of 1425–27, 36–40
death of, 240–41
education supported by, 84
Edward, Prince of Wales (son) and, 134–35, 137
Edward IV and, 185–86, 188, 190–91 208, 232
exile of, 194, 207
fall of Bordeaux and, 131
family tree of, 46–48, 87, 173
finances of, 103–4, 152
first council meeting of, 78
Harris and, 118
illness of, 131, 132–33, 136–37, 141, 149–51
imprisoned in Tower of London, 207–8, 215, 221, 227–28, 232, 240
Kerver and, 99–100, 104
Love Day and, 156
Margaret of Anjou’s marriage to, 83–84, 86–88, 91, 92, 93–95, 201
Margaret of Anjou’s pregnancy and, 131
Margaret of Anjou’s relationship with, 92
passivity and incompetence of, 74–76, 116, 120, 122–23, 132–33, 141, 149–50, 174, 183, 208, 281, 339
personality of, 74–76
physical appearance of, 73, 74, 75
poem about, 48
readeption of, 226–28
Rivers and, 199
rumors of death of, 85, 162
at St. Albans (1455), 141–44, 165
at St. Albans (1461), 183
E. Somerset and, 122, 132, 137, 140
H. Somerset and, 203
succession issue and, 89
Suffolk and, 69, 81–82, 91, 106, 107, 116, 120, 122–23
Towton battle and, 190–91
Tudor and, 65
Warwick and, 74, 78
York and, 117–22, 126–28, 134–35, 137–42, 144–45, 151–52, 154, 171–74, 184
Henry VI, Part 1 (Shakespeare), 337–39
Henry VII, king of England (Henry Tudor), 4, 6–8, 153–54, 196, 245–47, 250, 257, 258–63, 280–87, 291–92, 293–306, 319–21, 325, 327–28, 339
Arthur’s death and, 320–21
Arthur’s marriage and, 319–20
at Bosworth, 297–300, 319
Buckingham and, 282, 283, 285
coronation of, 300–303
death of, 326
de la Pole family and, 321–25, 329
Elizabeth of York’s death and, 321
Elizabeth of York’s marriage to, 7, 283, 285, 290, 302–4, 314–15, 339
final years of, 325–26
Francis and, 260, 284–86, 313
Oxford and, 295, 297, 298, 301
physical appearance of, 294
Richard III and, 280, 281, 288–91, 293–99, 313, 329
rise to throne, 293–300, 308
Simnel plot and, 307–12, 317–18
Treaty of Étaples and, 314
Warbeck plot and, 312–18
Henry VIII, king of England, 5, 7, 305–6, 321, 326–31, 332–34, 339
birth of, 305
death of, 335
de la Pole family and, 326–31, 333–35
France invaded by, 327–29, 331
Henry V emulated by, 327, 331
Margaret Pole and, 1–5, 334–35
marriage to Catherine of Aragon, 321, 326, 334
physical appearance and, 326
Warbeck plot and, 316
Herbert, Richard, 180, 220
Herbert, William, 1st earl of Pembroke, 153, 180, 196, 214, 215, 219, 245
execution of, 223
Herbert, William 2nd earl of Pembroke, 249
Hexham, battle of, 203, 204, 207, 218
Hody, Alexander, 176
Holinshed, Raphael, 7, 337
Holland, Anne, 208, 214
Holland, Henry, duke of Exeter, 119, 136, 137, 177, 181, 194, 214, 230, 233, 234
Holland, Henry, earl of Huntingdon, 92
Holland, John, earl of Huntingdon, 92
Howard, Thomas, duke of Norfolk, 278, 283, 334
Howard, Thomas, earl of Surrey, 304–5
Hume, David, 7
Humphrey of Lancaster, duke of Gloucester, 23, 31–33, 35–39, 61, 81–82, 88–89, 95–96, 103, 119, 124, 138, 168, 217, 267, 271
Beaufort and, 36–39, 77, 81
Cobham and, 32, 85–86, 89, 95–97, 254
death of, 96–97
Frulovisi and, 73
Orléans and, 85
reputation of, 97
Suffolk and, 95–97
Tudor and, 65
Hundred Years’ War, 17, 21, 95, 260, 314
Hungerford, Walter, 28, 62, 66, 296–97
Huntington, earls of, see Holland
Iden, Alexander, 115
Isabeau of Bavaria, queen of France, 56, 60
Isabella I, queen of Spain, 198, 201
Isabella of France, queen of England, 21, 26, 47, 61, 135
Jacqueline of Hainault, 32, 85
Jacquetta of Luxembourg, duchess of Bedford, 199, 211, 219, 286
Jakeman, Agnes, 29
James I, king of Scotland, 24, 91
James II, king of Scotland, 91, 175
James III, king of Scotland, 175, 194, 198, 255
James IV, king of Scotland, 316–17, 320, 328
Jargeau, 79–80, 106, 107
Jean, count of Aumale, 41, 43
Jeanne de Bourbon, queen of France, 18
Joanna of Castile, 324–25
Joan of Arc, 49–53, 55, 76, 79, 80
Joan of Navarre, queen of England, 60, 103
John, king of England, 21
John, Lord Tiptoft, 28
John of Brabant, 37
John, marquess of Dorset, 261
John of Gaunt, 37, 61, 91, 171, 173
John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, 16, 23, 27, 31–33, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44–49, 53, 87, 88, 103, 119, 199, 337
death of, 77, 79, 81, 84, 85, 90
at Verneuil, 41–44
John of Pontefract, 288
John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, 19, 21
Kemp, John Cardinal, 123, 135
Kent, 109–13, 115, 119, 120, 122, 124, 128, 129, 168, 239, 240, 283, 287, 316
Kerver, Thomas, 98–100, 104
Kildare, earls of, see Fitzgerald
King’s College, 84, 93
kingship, functions of, 100–101
Kynaston, Roger, 160
Kyriell, Thomas, 183
Ladislaus II of Hungary, 328–29
Lady Day, 156
Lancaster, 178
Landais, Pierre, 288–89
Langley, Thomas, bishop of Durham, 35
Langstrother, John, 237, 239
Leicester, 138–39
Lenard, Richard, 109
Lewys Glyn Cothi, 220
Lincoln, earls of, see de la Pole
Lincolnshire, 224–25
Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence, 89
Little Arthur’s History of England (Callcott), 5–6
Lorraine, François de, 330
Losecote Field, 225
Louis IX, king of France, 47, 48, 54–55
Louis X, king of France, 47
Louis XI, king of France, 187, 194, 195, 198–99, 213, 226, 265, 313
death of, 285
Edward IV and, 215, 258–60
and Jasper and Henry Tudor, 258–59
Margaret of Anjou and, 239
Warwick and, 211
Louis XII, king of France, 329
Love Day, 154–56
Lovell, Francis, 288, 308, 311
Lovell, Lord, 212
Lovell, Thomas, 302
Ludlow, 161–64, 170
Luttrell, James, 177–78
Lydgate, John, 48, 88
Maine, 94–95, 101, 105, 107, 127
Malory, Thomas, 304
Mancini, Dominic, 193, 243, 263–64, 267, 268, 270, 274, 277
March, earls of, see Edmund, earl of March
Margaret, queen of Scotland, 305, 320
Margaret of Anjou, queen of England, 94, 100, 103–4, 122, 135, 137, 140, 152, 154, 158, 162, 163, 167, 169, 175–76, 178, 179, 181, 183–85, 194, 198, 202, 216, 217, 225–26, 229, 231, 235, 236, 245–46, 256, 313
Cade’s rebellion and, 115
campaign against York’s affiliates, 165–66
at Coventry, 149–50, 156
Edward, Prince of Wales born to, 133, 134
and Edward IV’s battle for throne, 188, 190–91
in exile, 194, 216, 225
Henry VI’s marriage to, 83–84, 86–88, 91, 92, 93–95, 201
Henry VI’s relationship with, 92–93
imprisonment of, 239
Louis XI and, 239
power of, 134–35, 151–53, 172, 174
pregnancy of, 130–31, 133
restoration of, 228
Somerset and, 134, 153
at Tewkesbury, 237
Towton battle and, 190–91
Warwick’s agreement with, 226
York and, 134–35, 151, 153, 154, 156, 165–66, 172–75
Margaret of York (daughter of Edward IV), 248
Margaret of York (Margaret of Burgundy), 211, 230, 322
death of, 323
marriage to Charles the Bold, 213–14
Simnel plot and, 308, 311
Warbeck plot and, 314–15
Warwick and, 213–15
Marie of Anjou, queen of France, 83, 107
Marillac, Charles de, 3
Martel, Charles, 50
Martin V, Pope, 37, 46
Mary I, queen of England, 3, 334
Mary of Burgundy, 217, 255
Mary of Guelders, 175, 198
Mary of York, 215, 247
Mary Tudor, queen of France, 305, 329
Matilda, Empress, 281
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 265, 315, 323, 324
Maychell, John, 207
Medina del Campo, Treaty of, 319
Meno, Pregent, 312
Merfeld, John, 100
Merfeld, William, 100
Mitton, Thomas, 295
Moleyns, Adam, bishop of Chichester, 105, 106
Monstrelet, Enguerrand de, 15, 24
Montacute, Alice, countess of Salisbury, 166
Montacute, Thomas, earl of Salisbury, 42–44, 49–50
Morte d’Arthur, Le (Malory), 304
Mortimer, Edmund, 89
Mortimer, Roger, 26
Mortimer’s Cross, battle of, 180–81, 190, 210, 246
Morton, John Cardinal, 274, 286, 325
Morton, Robert, 282
Mountjoy, Lord, 333
Mowbray, Anne, countess of Norfolk, 250, 256
Mowbray, John, 3rd duke of Norfolk, 123, 124, 127, 169, 182, 205–6
Somerset and, 134
Mowbray, John, 4th duke of Norfolk, 205–6, 222, 237, 296
Mowbray, Thomas, 6
Mundford, Osbert, 167
Neville, Anne, 214, 226, 235, 239, 279, 290
coronation of, 276
death of, 291
and death of Prince Edward, 288
Gloucester’s marriage to, 250, 253
Neville, Anne, duchess of Buckingham, 170–71
Neville, Cecily, duchess of York, 90, 120, 131, 163–64, 170–71, 172, 211
Neville, George, archbishop, 173, 184, 190, 196, 213, 219, 220, 231
Neville, George, duke of Bedford, 224
Neville, Henry, 220
Neville, Isabel, duchess of Clarence, 1, 214, 253–54
marriage to Clarence, 217, 219, 250
Neville, John, marquess of Montague, 161, 177, 182, 196, 203, 218, 223, 224, 227, 230, 233
death of, 234, 235, 249
Neville, Katherine, duchess of Norfolk, 214
Neville, Richard, earl of Salisbury, 136–39, 143, 144, 154–56, 158–61, 163–64, 166, 167, 169, 176
execution of, 178
Neville, Richard, earl of Warwick, 128, 136–39, 141–44, 154–58, 161, 163–64, 165–72, 178, 179, 181–83, 187, 198–201, 207, 211–16, 222, 224–25, 228–31, 264
at Barnet, 232–33
Clarence and, 216–18, 221, 224–25, 230
death of, 234, 235, 249
at Edgecote, 220
Edward IV and, 195, 204, 205, 209, 211–16, 219–21, 222, 226–27
lands and offices given to, 195–96, 211–12
Margaret of Anjou’s agreement with, 226
Margaret of York and, 213–15
Redesdale uprising and, 218–20
at St. Albans, 182, 184
Neville, Thomas, 133, 161, 178, 239–40
Neville, William, Lord Fauconberg, 140, 167, 168, 170, 182, 188, 196, 240
Neville and Percy families, feud between, 133–34, 136, 138
Newgate prison, 66, 116
Nicholas, 109
Norfolk, dukes of, see Howard; Mowbray
Normandy, 76–78, 81, 84, 86, 87, 90, 94, 102–6, 109, 115, 119, 120, 123, 127
Norris, Thomas, 117
Northampton, battle of, 169–71
Northumberland, earls of, see Percy
Ogle, Robert, 142
Oldhall, William, 44, 121, 125–26, 129, 130, 166
Orléans, 49–52, 79–80
Orléans, dukes of, see Charles, duke of Orléans
Ormond, earls of, see Butler
Owen, David, 181
Oxford, earls of, see Vere
Panicharolla, Giovanni Pietro, 225
Paris, 78
Parliament of Devils, 165–66, 174
Paston, Clement, 179–80, 183
Paston, John, 179–80, 183, 202–3, 223, 248
Paston, Margaret, 82
Pavia, battle of, 330–31
Pedro, prince of Portugal, 38, 53
Pembroke, 246–47
Pembroke, earls of, see Herbert; Tudor; Woodville
Percy, Henry, 223
Percy, Henry, 2nd earl of Northumberland, 139, 143, 154, 169, 172
Percy, Henry, 3rd earl of Northumberland, 155, 162, 175–77, 181, 190, 250, 296
Percy, Ralph, 155, 203
Percy, Thomas, Lord Egremont, 133, 155
death of, 170
Percy and Neville families, feud between, 133–34, 136, 138
Philip, Duke, 45
Philip II, king of France, 21
Philip III, king of France, 47
Philip IV, king of France, 47
Philip V, king of France, 47
Philip VI, king of France, 47
Philippa of Hainault, 104
Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 19
Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, 77–78, 197, 212, 213
Philip the Handsome, 308, 324–25
Picquigny, Treaty of, 259–60
Pius II, Pope, 150, 181–82
Plantagenet, Arthur, Lord Lisle, 263
Plantagenet, George, duke of Bedford, 248
Plantagenet, George, duke of Clarence, 1, 4, 163, 164, 170, 196, 205–6, 211, 214, 216–17, 219, 223–26, 228, 230, 238, 249–57, 264, 279, 282, 295, 308, 328, 334
Burdet and, 254–56
character and appearance of, 216, 217
Edward IV and, 230, 251–53, 255–57
execution of, 257, 262
Gloucester’s feud with, 251, 253
imprisoned in Tower of London, 252, 257, 262
Isabel’s death and, 253–54
Isabel’s marriage to, 217, 219, 250
tomb of, 257, 279
treason conviction of, 256–57
Twynho and, 253–54
Warwick and, 216–18, 221, 224–25, 230
Plantagenet, Edward, earl of Warwick, 253, 274–75, 279, 307–9, 318
execution of, 318, 323
Simnel’s claim to be, 307–9, 318
Warbeck and, 318
Plummer, John, 215
Plumpton, William, 185–86
Pole, Henry, 4
Pole, Henry, Lord Montague, 4, 334
Pole, Margaret, 1–3, 253, 328, 334
execution of, 2–5, 334–35
family of, 4–5
Pole, Reginald Cardinal, 5, 334, 335
Poynings, Edward, 316
Poynings, Robert, 111
Protestantism, 3–4
Queens’ College, 93
Quélennec, Jean de, 258
Ratcliffe, Richard, 288
René of Anjou, 83, 84, 93, 94, 135, 151, 225
Rhys ap Thomas, 309
Richard II (Shakespeare), ix, 339
Richard II, king of England, 16, 26–27, 31, 54, 76, 92, 172, 193, 219, 281, 337, 339
death of, 208
tomb of, 17
Richard III, king of England (Richard, duke of Gloucester), 10, 163, 164, 196, 211, 216, 218–19, 222, 223, 228, 229, 239, 240, 250–51, 267–74, 278–91, 302, 308, 310, 333, 339
at Barnet, 233, 234, 237
at Bosworth, 297–300
Buckingham and, 282, 284
coronation of, 275–76
coup staged by, 270–72, 340
death of, 298–300
and death of Prince Edward, 288
Edward IV and, 250–51, 253
Edward IV’s death and, 267–68
Edward V and, 270
Elizabeth of York and, 290–91
Gloucester’s feud with, 251, 253
Henry VI’s death and, 240
Henry Tudor and, 280, 281, 288–91, 293–99, 313, 329
illegitimate children of, 288
marriage to Anne Neville, 250, 253
personal insignia of, 279
physical appearance of, 278–79
poor and, 287
progressive policies of, 287–88
as Protector, 268, 271–73
at Tewkesbury, 237, 238
travels of, 278, 279, 287
Woodville and, 290
Richard, duke of Gloucester, see Richard III, king of England
Richard of Shrewsbury, duke of York, 248, 250, 256, 265, 267, 271, 274, 275
death of, 277–78, 280, 28, 313, 323
imprisoned in Tower of London, 277–78, 280, 281, 312, 313, 323
Warbeck plot and, 312–18
Richard, duke of York, 81, 86, 89–91, 101, 103, 105, 116, 117–29, 144–45, 151–52, 154–58, 161–63, 166–67, 170–78, 192, 222, 262, 264, 286, 327, 333
army raised by, 137–39, 153
Crown claimed by, 171–75
death of, 178, 184
Henry VI and, 117–22, 126–28, 134–35, 137–42, 144–45, 151–52, 154, 171–74, 184
Margaret of Anjou and, 134–35, 151, 153, 154, 156, 165–66, 172–75
Parliament of Devils and, 165–66, 174
Protectorates of, 135–37, 151, 152, 154
at St. Albans, 141–44, 151–52
Somerset and, 122–23, 125–29, 134, 136–39, 141, 144
at Wakefield, 176–78, 179
Richard of York, 3rd duke of York, 6, 9
Richard the Lionheart, 17, 19, 135, 193, 259
Richmond, earls of, see Tudor
Rieux, Jean de, 259
Rivers, earls of, see Woodville
Robesart, Louis de, 28
“Robin of Redesdale,” 218–20
Roos, Lord, 177, 191
roses, 6–7, 301, 303
Tudor, 7, 303–4, 327, 333, 335–37
Rotherham, Thomas, archbishop, 252, 274
Rous, John, 279–80
Russell, John, 34
Rutland, earls of, see Edmund, earl of Rutland
St. Albans, 139–40
first battle of (1455), 140–44, 151–52, 154, 156, 161, 163, 165, 170, 177, 190
second battle of (1461), 182–83, 184, 190
St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, 248–49
St. Martin-le-Grand, 125–26, 129
Salisbury, earls of, see Montacute; Neville
Savage, John, 295, 297, 314
Say, William, 117
Saye, Lord, 102, 110, 112, 114–16, 234
Scales, Thomas, 44, 114, 208
Schwartz, Martin, 309, 311
Scott, Walter, 7
Scrope, Margaret, 322
Sforza, Galeazzo Maria, 229
Shaa, Ralph, 275
Shakespeare, William, ix, 7, 337–39
Shore, Elizabeth, 263, 276
Shrewsbury, earls of, see Talbot
Simnel, Lambert, 307–12, 317–18, 322
Simnel, Thomas, 307
Simonds, William, 308
Sirego, Dominic de, 211
Sixtus IV, Pope, 266
Skelton, John, 7, 327
Smith, John, 301
Somerset, dukes of, see Beaufort
Somerset, John, 30
Southampton, earls of, see Fitzwilliam
Stacey, John, 254
Stafford, Edward, duke of Buckingham, 333–34
Stafford, Henry, duke of Buckingham, 206, 208, 256, 261, 269–70, 274, 278, 282–86, 295
Stafford, Humphrey, duke of Buckingham, 92, 111, 115, 119–20, 127, 135, 136, 139–42, 162, 169, 170–72, 196, 261
Stafford, William, 111
Stamford, 224–25
Stanhope, Maude, 133
Stanley, Thomas, earl of Derby, 160, 155, 222, 226–27, 261–63, 283, 293–95, 297, 299, 300, 309, 316
death of, 325
Stanley, William, 160, 293, 295, 297, 298, 309, 316, 317
Stephen, king of England, 281
Stewart, Margaret, 255
Stillington, Robert, bishop of Bath, 308
Stockton, John, 231
Stoke, battle of, 310–12, 322, 332
Stow, John, 112
Stafford, Humphrey, earl of Devon, 219, 220, 221, 224
Strange, George, 295, 297, 298
Suffolk, dukes and earls of, see de la Pole
Surienne, François de, 102
Surrey, earls of, see Howard
Sussex, 115
Sutton, John, Lord Dudley, 110, 112, 115, 160
Swynford, Katherine, 37, 91
Talbot, Gilbert, 297
Talbot, John, earl of Shrewsbury, 44, 47, 87, 129, 131, 168–70, 275
death of, 170, 172
Tempest, John, 207
Tempest, Richard, 207
Tenby, 247
Tewkesbury, battle of, 236–39, 245–47, 261
Tewkesbury Abbey, 257, 279
Thomas of Lancaster, duke of Clarence, 16, 23, 25, 32, 88, 103
Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, 92
Thomas, David, 247
Thomas, Morgan, 247
Throckmorton, John, 180–81
Torrigiano, Pietro, 326
Tower of London, 4, 53, 88, 99, 112, 114, 116, 124, 156, 215, 223, 274, 323, 334
Clarence at, 252, 257, 262
Edward V at, 277–78, 280, 281, 323
Exeter at, 234
Henry VI at, 207–8, 215, 221, 227–28, 232, 240
Pole at, 1–3, 334
Richard of Shrewsbury at, 277–78, 280, 281, 312, 313, 323
Simnel at, 311
Suffolk at, 325, 328
Warbeck at, 318
Warwick at, 308, 309, 318
Towton, battle of, 189–91, 194, 200, 202, 239, 246, 332
Treaty of Arras, 76–78, 81, 265
Treaty of Étaples, 314
Treaty of Medina del Campo, 319
Treaty of Picquigny, 259–60
Treaty of Troyes, 17, 22, 26, 27, 46, 47, 76, 172
Trollope, Andrew, 163, 176, 177 181, 187, 190
Troyes, Treaty of, 17, 22, 26, 27, 46, 47, 76, 172
Trueblood, John, 215
Tudor, David Owen, 321
Tudor, Edmund, earl of Richmond, 63–64, 67, 130, 136, 153, 196, 250, 261, 262, 280, 292, 293
at Barking Abbey, 67–68, 69, 82, 130
death of, 153–54
Tudor, Henry, see Henry VII, king of England
Tudor, Jasper, duke of Bedford and earl of Pembroke, 64, 67, 130, 136, 139, 153, 166, 172, 175, 176, 179–80, 191, 194, 196, 215, 226, 236, 245–47, 258–61, 285, 289, 291, 292, 293, 301, 309
Arthur and, 305
at Barking Abbey, 67–68, 69, 82, 130
death of, 325
Tudor, Katherine, 321
Tudor, Owen, 58–59, 65–67, 87, 166, 180, 292
Catherine de Valois and, 59, 62–65, 67
execution of, 180–81, 246
Gloucester and, 76
imprisonment of, 66, 69
Tudor roses, 7, 303–4, 327, 333, 335–37
Tudors, 8–10
Twynho, Ankarette, 253–54
Tyrell, James, 280, 284, 288, 323
Valois, Louis de, duke of Orléans, 19
Vaughan, Roger, 246–47
Vaughan, Thomas, 270, 273, 275
Vaux, Katherine, 239
Vere de, Aubrey, 195
Vere de, John, 12th earl of Oxford, 195, 206, 215, 309
Henry Tudor and, 295, 297, 298, 301
Vere de, John, 13th earl of Oxford, 215, 223, 226, 230, 233, 234, 289, 318
Vergil, Polydore, 259, 261, 263, 264, 279, 291, 298, 299, 312, 314, 315, 318, 322, 328
Verneuil, battle of, 41–44, 49
Virgil, 310
Vita Henrici Quinti (Frulovisi), 73, 327
von Poppelau, Nicolas, 251
Wakefield, battle of, 176–78, 179, 181, 182, 184
Walsingham, Thomas, 23
Warbeck, Perkin, 312–18
Wars of the Roses, 4–8, 10, 333, 335, 336, 339, 340
Warwick, earls of, see Beauchamp; Neville, Plantagenet
weaponry and armor, 186–87
Welles, Lord, 224
Welles, Robert, 224, 225
Wenlock, John, 196, 198–99, 201, 225, 235, 237, 238, 246
Whethamstede, John, 182–83
William the Conqueror, 45
Willoughby, Robert, 300
Wiltshire, earls of, see Butler
Wolsey, Thomas Cardinal, 328, 331
Woodville, Anthony, earl of Rivers (Lord Scales), 167, 187, 199, 200, 208, 212–14, 219, 228, 234, 240, 249, 265–73
Caxton and, 266
Edward IV’s death and, 266
Edward V and, 265–67, 269, 305
execution of, 275
in jousting tournament, 212–13, 265
Woodville, Catherine, 256
Woodville, Catherine, duchess of Buckingham, 206, 208
Woodville, Edward, Lord Scales, 269, 286, 309
Woodville, Elizabeth, queen of England, 231, 232, 247–49, 262, 270–73, 282–83, 309
coronation of, 205–7
Edward IV’s return and, 232
Edward V born to, 227
Elizabeth born to, 211
marriage to Edward IV, 199–205, 208, 210, 211, 219, 275, 286, 339–40
marriage to Grey, 199, 200
relatives of, 206, 208–9
Richard III and, 290
Woodville, John, 214, 221, 271
Woodville, John, earl of Pembroke, 219, 220
Woodville, Lionel, bishop of Salisbury, 271, 286
Woodville, Margaret, countess of Arundel, 206
Woodville, Richard, earl of Rivers, 38, 167, 187, 199–200, 212, 213, 214, 219, 221, 223, 249, 286
Woodville family, 196–97, 199, 208–9, 211, 214
Worsley, William, 315
Wright, Hugh, 301
Wycliffe, John, 23
Wyndham, John, 323
Yevele, Henry, 173
York, dukes of, see Edmund of Langley; Richard, duke of York; Richard of Shrewsbury; Richard of York
Young, Thomas, 120, 125
Zouch, Lord, 231