Fractures

A fracture is any break in the bone. There are many different types of fractures and complete diagnosis of the type and extent of the fracture is done by x-ray. A fracture in which the skin is intact is called a closed fracture. If there is a break in the skin, it is called an open fracture.

Figure 16.1 Fractures

If a patient comes into the office with a suspected fracture, do not attempt to move the area. If the patient has fallen in the office, do not move them until you have received instructions from the physician. Basic steps for first aid of a suspected fracture include:

1. Check the CAB first (circulation, airway, breathing).
2. If it is an open fracture, do not attempt to move the bone or any fragments of the bone. Control any severe bleeding and cover with sterile cloth or gauze.
3. Elevate the fractured area if possible.
4. Apply ice to the area.
5. Keep the patient warm and quiet. Monitor vital signs. Look for signs and symptoms of shock.
6. If the patient has fallen in the office and may have a fracture, call for emergency assistance. Once emergency medical personnel arrive, they will take over moving the patient for transport. Be prepared to give information about how the injury occurred and what measures you have taken to assist the patient, and the patient’s vital signs.