Review Questions

  1. Which of the following states the purpose of laboratory testing?
    1. Assists in the diagnosis of patient’s condition
    2. Takes the place of a hands-on examination
    3. To practice the skills learned in school
    4. To increase revenue for the laboratory
    5. To overcome lack of confidence
  2. Which of the following is within the normal range for pH of urine?
    1. 0–1
    2. 1–3
    3. 4.5–8
    4. 9–11
    5. 12–14
  3. A fruity smell to the urine may indicate the pathological condition of
    1. diabetes mellitus
    2. diabetes insipidus
    3. a urinary tract infection
    4. starvation
    5. liver failure
  4. Which of the following substances is a normal metabolic by-product of ketones?
    1. Protein
    2. Sugar
    3. Fat
    4. Carbohydrates
    5. Cellular
  5. Which of the following is the correct reason the foot is used as a puncture site for infants?
    1. Gravity helps with blood flow.
    2. They won’t see it coming.
    3. Blood flow is slower at this location.
    4. Higher concentration of hemoglobin can be obtained.
    5. The heel is soft, and puncture will avoid injury to bones.
  6. Which of the following is considered an OSHA standard?
    1. Placing needles in a biohazard sharps container
    2. Throwing blood vials in the trash
    3. Placing used syringes in the trash
    4. Blood-stained gloves in the trash
    5. Wearing a lab coat and mask when taking vital signs
  7. Which cells settle to the bottom of the test tube after blood is centrifuged?
    1. RBCs
    2. Platelets
    3. Bacteria
    4. Plasma
    5. Serum
  8. Which of the following is the correct gauge range for venipuncture needles?
    1. 13–15
    2. 15–19
    3. 19–21
    4. 20–22
    5. 23–25
  9. The total magnification while looking through the high power objective (40×) is
    1. 10
    2. 40
    3. 100
    4. 400
    5. 1,000
  10. Which of the following is the proper order of draw when collecting multiple tubes of blood?
    1. Lavender, yellow, blue, tiger
    2. Red, blue, lavender, yellow
    3. Red, lavender, green, yellow
    4. Yellow, red, blue, tiger
    5. Yellow, red, tiger, lavender

    1. Read the following scenario to answer questions 11–14:

    2. A 20-year-old female was experiencing urinary frequency, increased thirst, and nausea. She was instructed to bring in a first morning, clean-catch midstream urine specimen, and then she would be examined by the doctor.

    3. What reason would the doctor have for requesting a first morning specimen?
      1. The patient could be pregnant, and a first morning specimen has the highest concentration of dissolved substances.
      2. The patient may not be able to urinate when in the office, and the provider requires a specimen to test.
      3. A first morning specimen is the only accurate specimen when screening for infection.
      4. A first morning specimen is the only specimen that can be collected via a clean-catch midstream technique.
      5. The first morning specimen will be the baseline for comparison when another specimen is obtained in the office.
    4. The patient does not have a commercial sterile container. What instructions should the medical assistant give the patient about how to collect the clean-catch midstream specimen at home?
      1. Wash a glass jar, cleanse the perineum from front to back, and urinate in the jar. Do not collect the end of the stream in the jar.
      2. Wash a glass jar and avoid putting hands in the cleaned jar. Cleanse the perineum, urinate, and catch the middle part of the stream in the jar.
      3. Boil a glass jar, cleanse the perineum from front to back, begin to urinate, and then positon the jar to catch the middle part of the stream. Do not collect the end of the stream in the jar.
      4. Boil a glass jar, cleanse the perineum from back to front, begin to urinate, and then position the jar to catch the middle part of the stream. Do not collect the end of the stream in the jar.
      5. Do not collect the specimen at home, because it would not be valid for a screening test.
    5. The urine specimen reveals a 2+ glucose level and ketones. What could these results indicate?
      1. Nothing, because glucose and ketones in the urine are normal.
      2. Diabetes, because glucose and ketones are symptomatic of this condition.
      3. Infection, because the patient has urinary frequency, an indicator of infection. The glucose is a result of that infection.
      4. Kidney damage, because ketones indicate protein breakdown.
      5. Vomiting or anorexia nervosa, because ketones indicate fat breakdown.
    6. Based on the results of the urine testing, the provider ordered a fasting blood sugar (FBS) test. Which of the following statements regarding this test is TRUE?
      1. FBS is a blood chemistry test, and the patient should fast except for water for 8–12 hours before testing.
      2. FBS is a hematology blood test, and the patient should have nothing to eat or drink for 8–12 hours before testing.
      3. FBS tests a blood sample that is collected 2 hours after a meal.
      4. FBS tests a blood sample that is collected via capillary puncture.
      5. If FBS test results are 120 mg/dL or less, the patient is not diabetic.