Part I. Sources on the Smuttynose Murders and Related Crimes
Altick, Richard D. 1970. Victorian Studies in Scarlet. New York: Norton.
Axelrod-Contrada, Joan. 2000. The Lizzie Borden “Axe Murder” Trial: A Headline Court Case. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers.
Bryan, Patricia L., and Thomas Wolf. 2005. Midnight Assassin: A Murder in America’s Heartland. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
Clifford, Nathan, Hon. and United States, Reports of Cases Determined in the Circuit Court of the United States for the First Circuit (1858–1861, Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1869.
Cohen, Patricia Cline. 1998. The Murder of Helen Jewett: The Life and Death of a Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century New York. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Dempewolff, Richard F. 1942. Famous Old New England Murders and some that are Infamous. Brattleboro, Vt: Stephen Daye Press. (Chapter 1: Murders on the Isles of Shoals).
De Quincey, Thomas. 1889. Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts; Three Memorable Murders; The Spanish Nun. New York: Putnam.
De Wolfe, Elizabeth A. 2007. The Murder of Mary Bean and Other Stories. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press.
Dorey, Annette K. Vance. 2012. Maine Mothers Who Murdered, 1875–1925: Doing Time in State Prison. Lewiston, ME: Van Horn Vintage Press.
Draper, Frank Winthrop. 1905. A Text-Book of Legal Medicine. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Eastman, Harland H. 1986. Alfred, Maine: The Shakers and The Village. Sanford, ME: Wilson.
Faxon, David. 2009. Cold Water Crossing: An Account of the Murders at the Isles of Shoals. CreateSpace Independent Publishing.
Ferland, David. 2014. “Historic Crimes & Justice in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.”
Foster, William, L. 1897. “Medical Expert Testimony: Transactions of the New Hampshire Medical Society at the 106th Anniversary held at Concord, May 24 and 25, 1897.” JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. XXIX (23): 1182.
Gaensslen, R. E. 1983. Sourcebook in Forensic Serology, Immunology, and Biochemistry. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
Galliher, John F. 2002. America Without the Death Penalty: States Leading the Way. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Hale, Judson D. 1985. The Best of Yankee Magazine: 50 years of New England. Dublin, NH: Yankee Books. (See “Horror on Smuttynose,” Mark Bastoni, March, 1980 and “The Real Horror on Smuttynose,” L. Morrill Burke, August, 1981).
Halttunen, Karen. 1998. Murder Most Foul: The Killer and The American Gothic Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hare, Robert D. 1999. Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. New York: Guilford Press.
Hartwell, Edward Mussey. 1881. The Study of Anatomy, Historically and Legally Considered. Boston: Tolman & White.
Hewitt, Elizabeth. ”Criminal Minds: Literary Tourism and True Crime in the Gilded-Age Periodical”Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association Annual Meeting, Hilton Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 2012.
Jeffers, H. Paul. 2000. With an axe. New York: Pinnacle Books, Kensington Pub. Corp.
Jones, Ann. 1980. Women Who Kill. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Kopf, Carl Heath. 1941. Windows on Life. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Maine, State of. Records of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, Vol. 61; Journal of the Executive Council 1874–75; Records of the Secretary of State, Vol. 4.
Marvin, Carolyn. 2010. Hanging Ruth Blay: An Eighteenth-Century New Hampshire Tragedy. Charleston, SC: History Press.
Merrill, Jeffrey D. 2009. Maine State Prison, 1824–2002. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing.
Mitchell, Edward Page. 1924. Memoirs of an Editor; Fifty Years of American Journalism. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons.
Morley, Jackson (editor). 1974. “Tragedy on the Isles of Shoals,” Crimes and Punishment. USA: BPC Publishing Ltd. Vol. 20.
Newspaper accounts from the Boston Daily, Portsmouth Daily Evening Times, Portsmouth Chronicle, Portsmouth Journal, New York Times, Portland Press, Portland Argus, and others. Smuttynose Murder Collection, Portsmouth Athenaeum, Portsmouth, NH
Pearson, Edmund Lester. 1926. Murder at Smutty Nose: and Other Murders. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company.
Pfeifer, Michael J. 2013. Lynching Beyond Dixie: American Mob Violence Outside the South. University of Illinois Press.
Perrault, John, 2003. The Ballad of Louis Wagner: and Other New England Stories in Verse. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Plaisted, Harris M. 1875. Report of the Trial of James M. Lowell indicted for the Murder of his Wife, Mary Elizabeth Lowell: Before the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, for Androscoggin County Portland, ME: Dresser, McLellan & Co.
Porter, Joseph W. (editor) 1891. “An Abstract of the History of Maine State Prison 1822–1886.” The Maine Historical Magazine. Bangor, ME: B. A. Burr, VI (12).
Potter, L. F. 1873. The Murder of Granville Hayden. Aroostook County, Maine.
Ramsland, Katherine M. 2007. Beating the Devil’s Game: A History of Forensic Science and Criminal Investigation. New York: Berkley Books.
Rundle, Kelly, Tammy Rundle, and Edgar V. Epperly. 2006. Villisca Living with a Mystery. Los Angeles, CA: Fourth Wall Films.
Robertson, C. Laurence, Stuart Williams, Eric J. Gleske, and Christopher R. Kies. 2001. Murder on Smuttynose. Durham: University of New Hampshire (VHS video).
Robertson, C. Laurence. 2002. Murder on Smuttynose: A Teacher Study Guide, self-published, Portsmouth Athenaeum.
Robinson, J. Dennis. 1997 to present. Various articles on the Smuttynose murders published in Portsmouth Herald, New Hampshire Gazette, Foster’s Sunday Citizen and archived on SeacoastNH.com.
Rutledge, Lyman. 1970. Moonlight Murder at Smuttynose. Boston: Star Island Corp. (booklet)
Sager, Joseph J. 1834. Trial of Sager, for the Murder of his Wife. State of Maine vs. Joseph J. Sager. In Supreme Judicial Court, at Augusta, October term,1834. Augusta, ME: Luther Severance.
Schama, Simon. 1991. Dead Certainties: Unwarranted Speculations. New York: Knopf.
Schechter, Harold. 2012. Psycho USA: Famous American Killers You Never Heard of. New York: Ballantine Books.
Schmid, David. 2005. Natural Born Celebrities: Serial Killers in American Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Schriver, Edward. 1990. “Reluctant Hangman: The State of Maine and Capital Punishment, 1820-1887.” The New England Quarterly. 63 (2): 271–287.
Shreve, Anita. 1997. The Weight of Water. Boston: Little, Brown.
Shultz, Suzanne M. 1992. Body Snatching: The Robbing of Graves for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century America. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
Snow, Edward Rowe. 1949. Strange Tales from Nova Scotia to Cape Hatteras. New York: Dodd, Mead.
Songini, Marc L. 1995. New England’s Most Sensational Murders. North Attleboro, MA: Covered Bridge Press.
Spooner, Emeric. 2009. Return to Smuttynose Island: and Other Maine Axe Murders. Maine: E. Spooner.
Stevens, John D. 1991. Sensationalism and the New York Press. New York: Columbia University Press.
Stevens, Robert, and Julia Celebi, 1992. Murder at Smuttynose: An Integrated Critical Thinking Activity. Unpublished: Portsmouth Athenaeum Collection.
Stout, Martha. 2005. The Sociopath Next Door: The Ruthless Versus the Rest of Us. New York: Broadway Books.
Stange, Eric, Melissa Banta, and Simon Schama. 2003. Murder at Harvard: PBS Home Video.
Taylor, Alfred Swaine. 1858. Medical Jurisprudence. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard.
Thaxter, Celia. May, 1875. “A Memorable Murder.” Atlantic Monthly
Tucher, Andie. 1994. Froth & Scum: Truth, Beauty, Goodness, and the Ax Murder in America’s First Mass Medium. Chapel Hill London: University of North Carolina Press.
Tuttle, Robert and Dorothy Tuttle. 2010. Smuttynose Murder News Clipping Files and Research Collection, Portsmouth Athenaeum.
Wagner, Louis H. F. 1874. Report of the Trial and Conviction of Louis H.F. Wagner for the Murder of Anethe M. Christenson, at a special setting of the Supreme Judicial Court, held at Alfred, Me., June 9, 1873. Maine: W.S. Noyes.
Wilson, Colin. 2003. Written in Blood: A History of Forensic Detection. New York: Carroll & Graf.
Yang, Janet, Alice Arlen, Christopher Kyle, Kathryn Bigelow, Anders W. Berthelsen, Katrin Cartlidge, Ciarán Hinds, et al. 2003. The Weight of Water. United States: Studio Home Entertainment.
Part II. Sources on the Isles of Shoals, Portsmouth Area, and The Sea
Baker, Emerson W. 2007. The Devil of Great Island: Witchcraft and Conflict in Early New England. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bardwell, John D. 1989. The Isles of Shoals: A Visual History. Portsmouth, NH: Published for the Portsmouth Marine Society by P.E. Randall, Publisher.
Benjamin, S. G. W. 1878. The Atlantic Islands as Resorts of Health and Pleasure. New York: Harper & Bros.
Bigelow, E. Victor. 1923. Brief history of the Isles of Shoals, off Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Lowell, MA: Published by the Congregational summer conference, Star Island.
Bolster, W. Jeffrey. 2012. The Mortal Sea: Fishing the Atlantic in the Age of Sail. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Bolster, W. Jeffrey. 2002. Cross-grained & Wily Waters: A Guide to the Piscataqua Maritime Region. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Borror, Arthur C. 1980. Breeding birds of the Isles of Shoals: With Special Reference to Appledore Island. Ithaca, NY: Shoals Marine Laboratory, Cornell University.
Brewster, Charles W. 1873. Rambles about Portsmouth. Portsmouth, NH: L. H. Brewster.
Brighton, Ray. 1973. They Came to Fish; a Brief Look at Portsmouth’s 350 years of History, its Local And World-Wide Involvements and the People Concerned, through the Eyes of a Reporter. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Cann, Donald, John Galluzzo, and Gayle Kadlik. 2007. Isles of Shoals. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub.
Chadwick, John White. October, 1874. “The Isles of Shoals,” Harper’s Magazine.
Clifford-Flanders family, Mollie Lee Clifford, Margaret Clifford Flanders, and Marion Lee Flanders. 1852. Clifford-Flanders Family Papers, Westbrook, ME: Maine Women Writer’s Collection.
DeCosta, B. F. 1869. Sketches of the Coast of Maine and Isles of Shoals, with Historical Notes. New York.
Downs, John William. 1944. Sprays of Salt. Reprinted 1997, Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Drake, Samuel Adams. 1891. The Pine-Tree Coast. Boston: Estes & Lauriat.
Fagan, Brian M. 2006. Fish on Friday: Feasting, Fasting, and the Discovery of the New World. New York: Basic Books.
Falnes, Oscar J. 1937. “New England Interest in Scandinavian Culture and the Norsemen.” The New England Quarterly. 10 (2): 211–242.
Faxon, Susan C., Alice Downey, and Peter Bermingham. 1978. A stern and lovely scene: a visual history of the Isles of Shoals : Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire.
Fowler-Billings, Katharine. 1959. Geology of the Isles of Shoals. Concord, NH: New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission.
Gage, William Leonard. 1875. The Isles of Shoals in Summer Time. Hartford: Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co.
Gjerset, Knut. 1933. Norwegian Sailors in American Waters; A Study in the History of Maritime Activity on the Eastern Seaboard. Northfield, MN: Norwegian-American historical Association.
Goodman, Susan. 2011. Republic of Words the Atlantic Monthly and its Writers, 1857-1925. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
Heimel, Paul. 2002. Oleana: the Ole Bull colony. Coudersport, PA: Knox Books.
Hutton, Laurence, and Isabel Moore. 1905. Talks in a Library with Laurence Hutton. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
Jenness, John Scribner. 1873. The Isles of Shoals an Historical Sketch. New York: Hurd and Houghton.
Kingsbury, John Merriam. 1991. Here’s How We’ll do it: An Informal History of the Construction of the Shoals Marine Laboratory, Appledore Island, Maine. Ithaca, NY: Bullbrier Press.
Kurlansky, Mark. 1997. Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World. New York: Walker and Co.
Laighton, Cedric, Celia Thaxter, and Frederick T. McGill. 1972. Letters to Celia: Written During the years 1860–1875 to Celia Laighton Thaxter by her Brother Cedric Laighton. Boston: Star Island Corp.
Laighton, Oscar. 1930. Ninety Years at the Isles of Shoals. Boston: Beacon Press.
Mandel, Norma H. 2004. Beyond the garden gate: the life of Celia Laighton Thaxter. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
McGill, Frederick T., Jr, and Virginia F. McGill. 1989. Something Like a Star: A Rather Personal View of the Star Island Conference Center. Boston: Star Island Corp.
Melville, Andrea. 2008. An Island Kingdom a Documentary Featuring the 400 year History of the Isles of Shoals. Vermont: Barking Spider Productions.
Metcalf, H.H. August 1914. “The Story of the Isles of Shoals” Granite Monthly.
Næss, Harald S., Faith Ingwersen, and Mary Kay Norseng. 1993. Fin(s) De Siècle in Scandinavian Perspective: Studies in Honor of Harald S. Naess. Columbia, SC: Camden House.
Openo, Woodard D. 1992. Tugboats on the Piscataqua: A Brief History of Towing on one of America’s Toughest Rivers. Portsmouth, NH: Published for the Portsmouth Marine Society by Peter E. Randall.
Parsons, Langdon Brown. 1905. History of the Town of Rye, New Hampshire from its Discovery and Settlement to December 31, 1903. Concord, NH: Rumford Press.
Parton, James. 1883. Noted Women of Europe and America . . . from the Most Recent and Authentic Sources. Hartford: Phoenix Publishing Co.
Pope, Laura (editor). 2013. Portsmouth Women: Madams & Matriarchs Who Shaped New Hampshire’s Port City. Charleston, SC: History Press.
Porter, Jane Molloy. 2006. Friendly Edifices: Piscataqua Lighthouses and Other Aids to Navigation 1771–1939. Portsmouth, NH: Published for the Portsmouth Marine Society by Peter E. Randall.
Randall, Peter. 1995. Out on the Shoals: Twenty Years of Photography on the Isles of Shoals. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Randall, Peter, and Maryellen Burke. 1997. Gosport Remembered: The Last Village at the Isles of Shoals. Portsmouth, NH: Published for the Portsmouth Marine Society by Peter E. Randall.
Robinson, J. Dennis. 2004. Wentworth by the Sea: The Life and Times of a Grand Hotel. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Robinson, J. Dennis. 2007. Strawbery Banke: A Seaport Museum 400 years in the Making. Portsmouth, NH: Published for Strawbery Banke Museum by Peter E. Randall.
Robinson, J. Dennis. 2012. Under the Isles of Shoals: Archaeology & Discovery on Smuttynose Island. Portsmouth, NH: Portsmouth Marine Society Press.
Rutledge, Lyman. 1972. Ten Miles Out; Guide Book to the Isles of Shoals, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Boston: Isles of Shoals Association
Rutledge, Lyman. 1965. The Isles of Shoals in Lore and Legend. Barre, MA: Barre Publishers.
Scott, Jack Denton, and Ozzie Sweet. 1977. The Gulls of Smuttynose Island. New York: Putnam.
Stearns, Frank Preston. 1895. Sketches from Concord and Appledore. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.
Stephan, Sharon Paiva (editor). 2001. One Woman’s Work: The Visual Art of Celia Laighton Thaxter. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Stone, Nathaniel. 2002. On the Water: Discovering America in a Rowboat. New York: Broadway Books.
Sylvester, Herbert Milton. 1909. Old York. Boston: W.B. Clarke Co.
Thaxter, Celia, and Oscar Laighton. 1935. The Heavenly Guest, with other Unpublished Writings. Andover, MA: Smith & Coutts Co.
Thaxter, Celia. 1873. Among the Isles of Shoals. Boston: J.R. Osgood and Co.
Thaxter, Celia. 1896. The Poems of Celia Thaxter. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
Thaxter, Celia, Annie Fields, and Rose Lamb. 1895. Letters of Celia Thaxter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Thaxter, Celia. 1988. An Island Garden. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Thaxter, Rosamond. 1962. Sandpiper; the Life of Celia Thaxter. Sanbornville, NH: Wake-Brook House.
Tolles, Bryant Franklin. 2008. Summer by the Seaside: The Architecture of New England Coastal Resort Hotels, 1820–1950. Hanover: University Press of New England.
Vallier, Jane E. 1994. Poet on Demand: The Life, Letters, and Works of Celia Thaxter. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall.
Williams, Lois. 2006. Religion at the Isles of Shoals: Anglicans, Puritans, Missionaries, UUs (Unitarian Universalists), and UCCs (United Church of Christ). Portsmouth, NH: Star Island Corporation.