Index

ABC Television Network, 67

Active Badges, 76–77
Activity theory, 38
Accumulation of capital, 1, 11, 17, 32, 44–56, 71, 73, 185, 187–188, 209
- by dispossession, 45, 56, 187, 192, 194, 208
- of wealth, 18, 39, 45, 47, 52–53, 56, 71, 82, 170–171, 188–190, 207
Acxiom, 94, 97
Addiction, 11, 167
Advertising, 35, 38, 52, 60, 72, 94–95
Affective capitalism, 50, 95, 120
- value-affect, 50
Affordable Care Act, 85, 179. See also Health insurance
Airbnb, 184
Alač, Morana, 131
Alaimo, Cristina, 98
Alcott, Louisa May, 83
Alienation, 32, 43, 83, 87–88, 102, 116, 139, 157, 168, 176
Altieri, Miguel, 197, 221
Amazon, 12, 31, 38, 60, 82, 107, 113, 121–122, 138, 142, 144, 155, 166, 174, 182–184, 203, 218
- Mechanical Turk, 12, 38, 60, 107, 113–116, 121–122, 138, 142, 144, 166, 174, 184, 203, 218
Analytical Engine, 23
André, Paul, 35
Andrejevic, Mark, 61, 95, 97
Antin, Judd, 84
Anxieties, 102, 115–116, 154, 157, 169, 176, 179, 212, 223. See also Alienation
Apple Computer, 27–30
Arendt, Hannah, 41
ARPAnet, 77
Arrow, Kenneth, 47
Artificial Intelligence (AI), 2, 13, 26, 29, 36, 77, 107, 129, 146, 181, 183, 222
Arvidsson, Adam, 12, 50, 93
Ashby, W. Ross, 26
Aspray, William, 24, 28–29
Assange, Julian, 221
Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR), 31
AT&T, 29
Auger, James, 130
Augmentation, 24, 26–32, 39, 57, 78, 115
Automated Teller Machine (ATM), 18, 60, 108–109, 140–141, 164
Automation, 19, 24–26, 32, 38, 39, 51–52, 56, 57–59, 69, 98, 108–116, 170, 180, 181, 188, 205, 207, 219, 220, 222
Autonomy, 45, 50–51, 62, 75, 78, 130–146, 164, 179, 185, 209

Babbage, Charles, 9, 23
Bailey, Diane, 19, 126, 140–142
Bank Innovation, 109
Barabási, Albert-László, 10
Basic guaranteed income, 188, 198, 203, 207, 209
Baumer, Eric, 198
Baxter, 180–182. See also Industrial robots
Bear-Stearns, 84
Beck, Ulrich, 74, 81, 84
Becker, Gary, 154, 222
Beer, David, 101
Beniger, James, 25
Benkler, Yochai, 48
Berardi, Franco, 50–51
Bezos, Jeff, 156
Black, Bob, 203
Blevis, Eli, 14, 198
Blizzard Entertainment, 62, 120–122, 125
Bollier, David, 48
Boltanski, Luc, 10–11, 23, 30–31, 64, 78, 81, 86, 99
Böhm-Bawerk, 45
Booth, Douglas, 188
Bradley, Karin, 199, 221
Braudel, Fernand, 209
Breivik, Anders, 167
Bricklin, Dan, 27
Broekens, Joost, 130
Brooks, Rodney, 181–183
Brown, Wendy, 190
Bruckman, Amy, 154
Brynjarsdóttir, Hrönn, 198
Brynjolfsson, Erik, 169–170, 180–183, 207, 213–214, 220, 222
Bubble-stars, 171–174, 176
Buchanan, James, 46
Buchsbaum, Jonathan, 124
Bullard, Julia, 123
Burawoy, Michael, 33–34, 55, 57, 147
Burdon, Mark, 97
Bureaucracy, 24, 65, 72, 148, 154
Burkett, Paul, 188
Bush, Vannevar, 7

Casualization, 73, 75, 203
Caffentzis, George, 11, 14, 24, 57–62, 70–71, 81, 176, 200, 204
Callois, Roger, 121
Campbell-Kelly, Martin, 24, 28–29, 31
Cappella, Joseph, 172
Caring capacity, 32, 38, 139–140
Castells, Manuel, 10, 101
CBS Television Network, 67, 68
Cerrato-Pargman, Tessy, 198
Cervantes, Ruy, 134–135
Chandler, Jesse, 113
Chang, Wan-Ling, 37, 130–135
Chaplin, Charlie, 217
Chiapello, Ève, 10–11, 23, 30–31, 64, 78, 81, 86, 99
Chilton, Lydia, 60
Chootanom, Trina, 123
Churchill, Elizabeth, 84
Citizen science, 10, 12, 32, 38, 150–152, 166, 174, 176, 203, 218
Class formation, 54, 55
Class structures, 54, 55, 201
Clean Air Act, 73. See also Clean Water Act and Endangered Species Act
Clean Water Act, 73. See also Clean Air Act and Endangered Species Act
Climate change, 197, 206
Coase, Ronald, 47
Coercion, 4, 8, 52, 64–66, 109, 111, 148–156, 220. See also Invisible control
- coercive mechanisms, 4, 52, 64, 66, 109, 149, 152
Cohen, Roger, 221
Cohen, Stanley, 167
Colleoni, Elanor, 12, 19, 26, 50, 93, 140–142
Collins, Harry, 11
Communicative labor, 18, 89, 96
Comor, Edward, 12, 61, 97
Conaty, Patrick, 48
Contingent labor, 30
Control mechanisms, 14–15, 34, 52, 55, 64–66, 76, 79, 112, 126, 147–148, 161, 188, 213, 215
- consent-producing practices, 14, 17, 65–66, 79, 148 (see also Coercion)
Convenience, 42, 56, 99, 108–116, 161, 164–165, 213
Cognitive labor, 18, 32–33, 37, 89, 107–116, 141
Correspondent banking, 140–146, 174, 176, 218
Council of Economic Advisors, 184
Country Joe and the Fish, 69–70
Creative labor, 19, 37, 117–127
Croll, Alistair, 180
CrowdFlower, 12, 113
Crowdsourcing, 12, 33–35, 47–48, 126–127, 143, 152, 175
Cultural influences, 9, 38, 61, 66–72, 87, 117, 168–169, 190, 208
- counterculture, 68–72
Customer reviews, 149, 152

Daft, Richard, 149
Daly, Herman, 188
Dark Mountain Collective, 208, 221
Darrach, Brad, 222
Darwin, Charles, 17
Dean, Howard, 152
De Brunhoff, Suzanne, 73, 75
Debt, 76, 86, 123, 141, 148, 200
Deleuze, Gilles, 15, 83, 176
Deregulation, 73–74, 180, 222
Dertouzos, Michael, 26
Desjardins, Audrey, 198
De Stefano, Valerio, 203
Dewey, John, 84, 88, 166
Dialectic, 7, 9, 39, 43–45, 56, 64
Dick, Philip K., 58–59, 130
Dickens, Charles, 176, 217
Digital labor, 13, 48–51, 170–173
Dillahunt, Tawanna, 198
Diniz, Eduardo, 19, 126, 140–142
DiSalvo, Carl, 130
Disneyland, 122
Displacement, 18
Dispossession, 44–45, 56, 187, 192, 208
Dissent, 16, 67–68, 200, 220
Division of labor, 9, 32–33, 37, 42–43, 131–132, 147, 153, 186, 188, 196, 203, 206, 208
Division of power, 126, 152–157, 161, 170, 188, 198, 203, 206, 208
Dunne, Anthony, 13
Dye-Witheford, Nick, 221–222

Ecology, 46, 188, 190, 197–198, 208
E-commerce, 31, 93, 149
Economic inequality, 153, 157, 170–171, 185, 187, 190, 198, 206, 207, 214–216, 223
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 70
Electronic banking, 31, 108–109, 140–146, 218
Elgin, Duane, 73
Eliza program, 136
El-Ouazzane, Remi, 183
Emirbayer, Mustafa, 37
Employment, 9, 18, 24, 30–32, 46, 55, 75, 84–89, 107–116, 171, 178, 180–186, 203, 212, 220
- contract, 30, 55, 75, 113, 122–123, 180–183, 185
- low-paid or low-waged, 24, 55, 62, 75, 84–85, 113, 138, 144, 178, 180–183, 220
- precarious, 18, 30–32, 55, 75–76, 81, 84–86, 94, 122–127, 171–173, 178, 180–183, 212
- secure, 30, 46, 55, 57, 62, 76, 86, 178, 180, 184, 203, 209, 212, 220
- self-employment, 30–31, 75, 85, 122–123, 171–173, 178, 184
- unemployment and underemployment, 84, 86, 89, 124, 139, 178, 180–184, 220
Emotional labor, 19, 32, 89, 129–146
Endangered Species Act, 73. See also Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act
Enfield, NJ, 93
Engelbart, Douglas, 26
Engels, Friedrich, 2
Environment, 46, 188, 196, 200, 206, 209, 221
Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 73
Enron, 84
Epson, 97
Ethnicity, 9, 68
Etzioni, Amitai, 204, 206
Exploitation, 11, 16, 44–45, 48–49, 55, 85–87, 94–95, 187–188, 194, 196, 209, 217–219

Facebook, 49, 55, 82, 93–94, 96, 98–101, 104, 111, 155, 173, 174, 212, 218, 220
Federici, Silvia, 46, 61
FedEx, 182
Fehr, Ernst, 154
Fergusson, Robert, 83, 102, 196
Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 68
Feudalism, 14, 34, 57, 65, 147
Fisher, David, 67
Fisher, Marshall Jon, 67
Flexibilization, 75, 124, 182, 184–186, 203
Flickr, 100, 153
Food production, 196–201, 205, 209
Forte, Andrea, 154
Foucault, Michel, 3, 8, 11, 16, 41, 63–64, 74, 79, 100, 164–169, 177, 211, 215
Forbes, 102
Forlizzi, Jodi, 130
Foster, John Bellamy, 46
Francis, Anne, 87
Franklin, Benjamin, 23
Frankston, Bob, 27
Freire, Paulo, 3
Friedman, Thomas, 46, 64
Fuchs, Christian, 12, 13, 49, 50, 93

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 46
Galloway, James Cole, 49
Gassé, John-Louis, 27
Gates, Bill, 129, 156
Gender, 9, 46, 61, 84
General Motors, 51
Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas, 187
Giddens, Anthony, 81
Ginsberg, Allen, 68
Globalization, 124, 171, 180, 182, 190, 201, 207
Goldberg, Ivan, 166
Goldcorp, Inc., 155–156
Gollac, Michel, 30
Google, 55, 78, 82, 97, 102, 106, 155, 156, 174, 218, 219
Gordon, Robert, 75, 207
Gorz, André, 81, 188–190, 202, 206–209
Goulding, Christina, 117
Gramsci, Antonio, 65
Graphic design, 121–122, 126–127, 221
Great Depression, 72
Great Recession, 183
Greenwich Village, 69
Grudin, Jonathan, 29, 222–223
Gui, Xinning, 199

Haight-Ashbury, 69
- Håkansson, Maria, 198
- Handy, 182
- Harder, Delmar, 25
- Hardt, Michel, 50
- Harvey, David, 6, 11, 23, 44, 55, 65, 81
- Hasan, Shaddi, 202
- Haushofer, Johannes, 154
- Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 83
- Hayden-Smith, Rose, 201
- Healthcare, 46, 85, 177–179, 181, 190, 212
- Health insurance, 85, 177–179, 218. See also Affordable Care Act
- Health IQ, Inc., 166, 174–176, 180
- Heerink, Marcel, 130
- Heidegger, Martin, 37, 41
- Hellman, Matilda, 167
- Hendry, David, 18
- Heston, Charlton, 173
- Hewlett Packard, 27, 29
- Hidden information, 47, 59, 61–62, 175–176, 219
- Hidden labor, 35, 61–62, 95–96, 114, 126, 129–146, 157, 174, 180–183, 219
- Hidden value, 34, 59, 61–62, 95–96, 99, 112, 114, 124, 139–140, 175–176, 219
- Hierarchy, 69, 147–148, 152, 156
- Hollywood, 2, 67, 105, 146, 172–173
- Holmes, Brian, 3, 81
- Hornborg, Alf, 8, 81, 187, 221
- Hospitality industry, 114
- Howard, Robert, 69
- Huang, Elaine, 14
- Huber, Lesa, 130
- Huff, Darrell, 156
- Hughes Aircraft, 75
- Human Computation, 28, 32–34, 114, 126, 152, 157
- Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs), 113, 121, 138, 156
- Huffman, Mark, 110–111
- Huizinga, Johan, 121
- Huntemann, Aslinger, 84
- Hüttenraunch, Helge, 130
- Huws, Ursula, 46

Iacano, Suzie, 222–223
IBM Corporation (International Business Machines), 29, 110
Identity, 4, 76, 82–83, 94, 117–118, 121–127, 168–169, 172, 208
Industrialism, 41, 147–148, 157, 178, 197, 218
Informatics, 12
Innovation, 6, 41, 156
Inoue, Kaoru, 130
Instacart, 184
Instagram, 170–171, 218
Intel, 29
Intellicorp, 77
Intrinsic motivation, 148, 154, 204, 218, 220
Invisible control, 39, 99, 126, 152, 214
Invisible value, 1, 17, 95, 99, 114, 124, 152–157, 175–176. See also Hidden value
Irani, Lilly, 60, 180
Irving, Washington, 83
Ito, Yuko, 130

Jackson, Steven, 198
Jacquard, Joseph, 23
Jacquard loom, 24–25
James, Henry, 83
Jameson, Fredric, 65
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, 172
JC Penney, 75
Jiang, Ling, 60, 166
Jobs, Steve, 27–28
John, N. A., 98
Johnson & Johnson, 75
Johnson, Lyndon B., 72
Jones, Daniel, 148
Joshi, Somya, 198
Jurgenson, Nathan, 12, 35, 111

Kaldor, Nicholas, 45
Kallinikos, Jannis, 98, 219
Kanda, Takayuki, 130
Kaptelinin, Victor, 37
Keep Our Pension Promises Act (KOPPA), 183
Kessler, Sarah, 182
Kiesler, Sara, 83, 84
King, John Leslie, 222–223
Kirman, Ben, 13
Kiva, 182–183. See also Amazon; Robotics
Klein, Naomi, 221
Kling, Rob, 14, 222
Klout, 94, 101
Knoblauch, Hubert, 117
Knowles, Bran, 198–199
Krueger, Alan, 184
Kou, Yubo, 35, 112
Körner, Astrid, 154
Kow, Yong Ming, 112, 118–122, 125
Kücklich, Julian, 118, 126
Kumar, Anjali, 40–142
Kunda, Ziva, 30

Labor-power, 61–62
Labor-time, 57, 62, 82, 94, 142, 164, 208, 209
Labor unions, 52, 139, 180
Laney, Doug, 94
Langlois, Richard, 32, 53, 213
Larco, Vanesa, 154
LaToza, Thomas, 207
League of Legends, 107, 111–113, 114, 115
Lentejas, Rodolfo, 149
Leontief, Wassily, 222
Leontiev, A. N., 37
Letts, Guy, 149
Levinson, Steven, 93
Liberalism, 63–64
Licklider, J.C.R., 26
LinkedIn, 93–94, 99–100, 212
Linux, 47, 152, 153, 155
Lovell, Sarah, 196
Lyft, 182

MacKenzie, Donald, 53
Macy’s, 97
Madonna, 100
Maestri, Leah, 198
Major, Nathan, 103
Manjoo, Farhad, 184
Manufacturing, 7, 9, 23, 28, 62, 67, 106, 239, 202–206, 220
Marazzi, Christian, 50
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 117, 181
Masses, 9–10, 14, 31, 59, 67–68, 81, 99, 105, 117, 144, 172–176, 188, 197, 204, 205, 208
Massification, 67–68, 72, 87, 172, 198, 199
Marcuse, Herbert, 67, 217
Market, 45, 63, 67, 71, 78, 184
Marshall, Alfred, 45
Marx, Karl, 2–3, 11, 16, 24, 32–34, 43–45, 53, 55, 57–61, 97, 114, 124, 198, 200, 209, 211, 215
Marxism, 2–3, 13, 32, 43–45, 54, 58, 94, 188
Maxwell, Richard, 12
McAfee, Andrew, 169–170, 180–183, 207, 213–214, 220, 222
McChesney, Robert, 13, 52
McCloskey, Deirdre, 6
McCullagh, Declan, 100
McDowell, Stephen, 13
McGuire, Timothy, 83
McNealy, Scott, 77
Metaphor, Computer, 76
Microsoft, 29
Michelucci, Pietro, 48, 157
Microvalidations, 165–166, 168–169, 175–176
Microwork, 12, 17–18, 113, 114, 174, 203
Mill, John Stuart, 42
Miller, James, 28
Miller, Peter, 179
Minimum wage, 60, 145, 182–183, 203
Minsky, Marvin, 222
Mirowski, Philip, 46, 53
Mische, Ann, 37
Mitchell, Arnold, 73
Modernism, 2, 63, 82, 100
Modifications to games (mods), 118–127, 171–173, 176, 203
Moro, Yuji, 199
Morozov, Evgeny, 23, 190
Movellan, Javier, 131
Multi-Employer Pension Recovery Act (MPRA), 183
Murthy, Dhiraj, 168
Mutlu, Bilge, 130

Nathan, Lisa, 198
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 73, 131, 205
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 73
National Public Radio (NPR)
National Rifle Association (NRA), 173
NBC Television Network, 67
Negri, Antonio, 50
Neoconservatism, 85, 179, 185
Neoliberalism, 9, 46, 61, 65, 74, 82, 85, 88, 177, 179, 204, 215–216, 222
Neoclassicism, 45–47, 52–53, 188
Neff, Gina, 84
New Deal, 68
Nieborg, David, 35
Nixon, Richard M., 73
North, Douglass, 47, 53

Obama, Barack, 85, 179, 184
Offshoring, 30
Ohm, Paul, 179
Olivetti, S.p.A., 76
O’Day, Vicki, 222
O’Connor, Sarah, 182
O’Malley, Pat, 179
On-demand economy, 180–186, 203
1 percent, the, 170–171, 190
Open content creation, 155
Open source, 31, 48, 153, 200
Organizing labor, 19, 89, 147–157
Orwell, George, 78
Oxfam, 215

Packard, Vance, 198
Panopticon, 8
Paolacci, Gabriele, 113
Paradox of participation, 156–157, 172, 203, 218
Pargman, Daniel, 202
Paris riots in 1968, 68
PARO, 37, 131–140, 143, 145–146, 174, 176. See also Social robots
Patterson, Don, 202
Paul, Chris, 123
PayPal, 122
Peer production and distribution, 48, 155, 156, 173, 175, 199, 201
Penny, Simon, 13
Peppet, Scott, 179
Pepsi Co., 75
Personalization of risk, 74, 84–85, 120, 126, 157, 178–179, 198
Petcou, Constantin, 190
Peters, Tom, 148
Petrescu, Doina, 190
Peterson, V. Spike, 46
PewDiePie, 102–103, 106, 171–172
Pierce, James, 198
Piketty, Thomas, 187, 190, 200, 207, 208, 221
Pinch, Trevor, 11
Pinker, Steven, 183
Planned obsolescence, 14, 198
Podolny, Shelley, 37
Polonyi, Michael, 41
Pope 100, 221
Postigo, Hector, 112, 118, 121, 125–126
Poverty, 43, 144–145, 154, 191, 195, 208
Power law, 152–156, 169–172, 190, 198, 206, 212, 215
power law distribution, 153, 155, 156, 169, 172, 215
Precarity, 18, 32, 81, 84–86, 95, 99, 116, 123–127, 138–139, 168
Predicaments, 4–7, 9, 18, 52–53, 64, 81–82, 84–88, 95, 102, 106, 124, 153, 156, 157, 161, 166, 169, 174, 177, 203, 216, 223
Presley, Elvis, 68, 172
Privatization, 74, 182
Proffitt, Jennifer, 13, 95
Punishment, 161, 164, 188

Raby, Fiona, 13
Racism, 68, 84
Raghavan, Barath, 197, 200
Rational choice, 45. See also Market
Reddit, 99
Reich, Robert, 184, 198, 221
Reitzle, Matthias, 154
Remy, Christian, 14
Repression, 52
ResearchGate, 100
Reuters, 167
Reynolds, Malvina, 68
Rheingold, Howard, 29
Ricardo, David, 42
Rifkin, Jeremy, 48, 81, 205–206
Riot Games, 111–113. See also League of Legends
Ritzer, George, 12, 35, 111
Rivera, Alex, 25
Robinson, James, 12, 62
Robinson, Marilynne, 129
Robotics, 12, 25, 110, 129–140, 143, 145–146, 174, 180–183, 188, 196
- drones, 55
- industrial robots, 180–183, 188
- Roomba and Neato, 130
- social robots, 19, 37, 129–140, 143, 145–146, 174
Rolling Stones, 71
Rooney, Ben, 182
Roos, Inger, 110, 148
Rose, Nikolas, 179
Rosendal, Henk, 130
Roszak, Theodore, 72
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 69
Rowling, J. K., 171
Russell, Steve, 117

Šabanović, Selma, 97, 129–130
Sawyer, R. Keith, 199
Schiano, Diane, 29
Schiller, Dan, 11, 51, 54, 65, 81, 180
Schmidt, Eric, 156, 170–171, 220
Schmidt, Florian Alexander, 121, 124, 126
Scholler, Dan, 19, 126, 129, 140–142
Scholz, Trebor, 12, 49
Schooler, Jonathan, 87
Schumacher, E.F., 73
Science and Technology Studies (STS), 11
Search Engine Optimization (SEO), 149
Seeger, Pete, 68
Self-control, 147–157, 188, 198–199, 203
Self-expression, 81, 100–101, 117, 165, 166, 168–169, 172, 211
Self-service, 108–109, 114–116, 140–141, 143, 164, 174, 218
Sengers, Phoebe, 198
Senior, Tom, 112
Sennett, Richard, 11, 23, 66, 81, 83, 168
Serfs, 34, 62, 147. See also Feudalism
Sevignani, Sebastian, 13
Shaker, Doug, 77
Shapiro, Carl, 219
Sharing economy, 47, 182, 184–186, 188, 198–199, 205–206
Shibata, Takanori, 131–140, 145–146
Shilton, Katie, 98
Shirky, Clay, 48, 152–155
Siegel, Jane, 83
Silbereisen, Rainer, 154
Silberman, M. Six, 60, 113–114, 144, 180, 198
Silicon Valley, 30–31
Simon, Herbert, 25, 27, 36, 212
Singularity, Machine, 15
Slavery, 14, 34, 61, 65
Smith, Adam, 42, 43, 53, 184
Smythe, Dallas, 49
Snider, Laureen, 84
Snyder, Gary, 68
Social data, 96–106
Social equality, 46, 143–146, 154, 156, 185, 190, 198, 206, 214
Social media, 13, 32, 35, 38, 81, 83, 93–95, 98–106, 138, 142, 164
Social safety net, 9, 32, 136, 154, 177, 182, 190, 194–195, 199, 212
Sood, Sara Owsley, 84
Sotamaa, Olli, 118
Spinoza, Baruch, 50
Sproull, Lee, 84
Sprouse, Jon, 113
Standing, Guy, 85
Starbucks Coffee, 221
Start-ups, 29, 77
Stiglitz, Joseph, 190, 221
Suarez-Villa, Luis, 11, 13, 23, 74, 84, 190
Subsistence, 190–201, 206–209, 217. See also Sustainability
Suchman, Lucy, 11
Suler, John, 84
Summers, Larry, 215
Sung, Ja-Young, 130
Sun Microsystems, 28, 76–77
Surveillance, 65, 73, 76–79, 212
Sustainability, 14, 190–201, 206–209, 221. See also Subsistence

Takeuchi, Yuichiro, 197
Tanaka, Fumihide, 130
Tanenbaum, Josh, 198
Tanenbaum, Karen, 198
Targett, Sean, 121
TaskRabbit, 182, 184
Taylor, T. L., 118
Technocapitalism, 13
Technological determinism, 16
Terranova, Tiziana, 12, 49, 176
Texas Instruments, 183
TextBroker, 113
The Who, 71
Thornton, Richard, 15
3D printing, 197, 200, 205
Thrift, Nigel, 101
Totalized stimulation, 37, 73–79, 87, 132, 166–167
Trans-Atlantic Investment and Trade Partnership (TTIP), 201
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), 201
TripAdvisor, 115
Tsui, Katherine, 130
Turkle, Sherry, 31, 136
Twain, Mark, 83
Twitch.tv, 174
Twitter, 93–94, 99, 104, 152, 168, 172, 212, 218

Uber, 182, 184, 198
Ueno, Naoki, 199
Uncompensated labor, 24, 48–49, 55, 59, 61, 82, 95, 111, 120, 127, 147, 166, 204, 205
United Airlines, 97
U.S. Department of Defense, 205
Utopia, 19, 187–209
- real utopia, 187, 196, 209

Value, 15, 17–18, 31–43, 49–55, 57–63, 106–116, 117–127, 176, 220
- chain, 54
- creation or generation of, 15, 18, 49–50, 55, 56, 82, 89, 106–116, 117–127, 147, 149, 172, 185, 220
- extraction of, 17, 33, 39, 43, 55, 57, 59, 62–63, 96, 106, 107–116, 117–127, 136–138, 142–143, 149, 176, 186
- securing, 34, 43, 55, 95 (see also Hidden value)
- surplus value, 35, 43–45, 49, 55, 57, 59, 62, 203
Vandermeer, John, 197, 221
Van Dijk, José, 12, 35, 96–97, 100, 126
Varian, Hal, 219
Vertesi, Janet, 131
Video games, 31–32, 35, 107, 111, 117, 121–127, 167, 171–173, 176, 212, 218
Virilio, Paul, 79
VisiCalc, 27–28
Volkoff, Serge, 30
Vygotsky, Lev, 38, 143

Wada, Kazuyoshi, 130–131, 133, 135–140
Wagner, Peter, 14, 166
Wakkary, Ron, 198
Wales, Jimmy, 154
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 54
Wall Street, 70
Walmart, 221
Want, Roy, 76
Waterman, Anthony Michael Charles, 45
Web 2.0, 95–106, 152, 218
Webb, Cynthia, 97
Weber, Max, 11, 41, 44, 66, 211, 215
Weeks, Kathi, 185–186, 188, 203
Weizenbaum, Joseph, 136
Welfare, 9, 60, 72–74, 84, 177–178, 217
Wikipedia, 47, 59–60, 152–154
- wikinomics, 152
Williamson, Oliver, 46 48
Wilson, Timothy, 87
Winner, Langdon, 16
Woelfer, Jill, 18
Womack, James, 148
World Bank, 201
World Economic Forum, 97, 201
World War II, 24, 26, 63, 67–68, 73, 172, 199, 200, 204, 208
World of Warcraft, 2, 119–122, 125, 167
World Wide Web, 30–31
Wozniak, Steve, 13, 27–28
Wright, Erik Olin, 23, 44, 54, 81, 187, 217–219
Wright, Will, 126

Xerox, 29, 76–77

Yelp, 79, 104, 173
Young, Neil, 71
Yousefzai, Malala, 100
YouTube, 2, 17, 18, 93, 100, 102–106, 127, 171, 173, 174, 218

Zhou, Yongming, 169
Zittrain, Jonathan, 30
Zuboff, Shoshana, 58
Zuckerberg, Mark, 156, 170–171