Index

Abd-al-Rahman, Sami

Abizaid, John

Afghanistan

“Agreement on Political Process,”

Allawi, Ali

Allawi, Ayad; Iraqi List party of; legality of; TAL confirmation by

Al Qaeda

amendment rule; Articles of Confederation and; Carré de Malberg on; as consociational limit; of Grundgesetz; in interim constitution; neutrality of; of permanent constitution; of South Africa; for TAL; of Transitional National Assembly

amendments: CPA power of; deadline for; in France; of Fundamental Law.; in Hungary; to IGC constitution; of interim constitution; Istrabadi on; legality of; minority ratification power of; by Presidency Council; on regional formation

American-Kurdish bargain

Anbar Salvation Council

annexation

Arabization

Arabs: ethnic nationalism of; identity positions of; nationalism of

Arato, Julian

Arendt, Hannah; on legitimacy; on revolution; on state continuity

Argentina

Aristotle

Articles of Confederation

Asafi, Hamid

Assemblée Constituante

Association of Muslim Scholars

authoritarians

Baghdad

Barzani, Massoud; Bush letter of; on Leadership Council; TAL amendment by

“Basic Structure Doctrine,”

Belgium

Benomar, Jamal

Benvenisti, E.

Bhuta, Nehal

Bill of Rights

black turbans

Blackwill, Robert

Bonapartism

borders

Bosnia

Brahimi, L.; on Bremer; Chandrasekaran on; on elections; interim government power of; al-Sistani and; on TAL; transitional executive plans of

Bremer, L. Paul; A. Chalabi and; dictatorship of; on Drafting Committee; on elections; at Erbil; on ethnic federalism; exclusion by; on fatwa; Garner and; IGC creation by; on Iraqi constitution making; on Iraqi democracy; Kurdish negotiation with; on occupation forces; protests against; ratification and; resolution opposition by; seven-point program of; Shi’a House negotiation with; al-Sistani opposition by; on Sunnis

Brown, Nathan

Brownback, Sam

Bulgaria: Grand National Assembly in; representation in; round table

Bush, George H. W.

Bush, George W.: Barzani and Talabani letter to; Bremer’s authority from; A. al-Hakim call of; Iraq goals of; on Iraqi constitution

Bush v. Gore

Calhoun, John C.

Canada

Carpenter, Scott

Carré de Malberg, Raymond; on amendment rule; on state

caucus. See also Governorate Selection Caucus

centralism

Chalabi, Ahmed; Bremer and; de-Baathification program of; on November Agreement

Chalabi, Salem

Chandrasekaran, Rajiv; on Brahimi; on KRG removal; on Kurdistan; on TAL work

Cheney, Dick

Chile

China

Choudhry, Sujit

civic postnationalism

clientelism

coalition forces

Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA); amendment power of; army dissolution by; authority of; democracy creation by; as dictatorship; duration of; IGC and; interim constitution making of; interim constitution power of; mistakes of; in November Agreement; order; order; sovereignty of; state destruction by; TAL sovereignty transfer from; territorial control of

Cockburn, Patrick

Cohen, Jean

Collected Works (Lenin)

colonialism

Conetta, Carl

confederation; Kurdistan as; O’Leary on, See also Articles of Confederation

Confederation Congress

consociationalism: amendment rule and; constitutionalism and; in constitution making; Istrabadi’s objection to; for Kurdistan; O’Leary on; al-Sistani on; in South Africa; sunset clause for; in TAL

Constant, Benjamin

constituent assembly: constitutional legislature and; elections for; in Latin America; in one-stage process; representation in; rules for; terminology of

Constituent Assembly, of Iraq

constitution; Arendt on; Bush on; choice of; continuity of; definition of; enforcement of; of France; interim; Japanese; Kirkuk vote on; minimal; revolutionary; unconstitutional; of U.S. See also préconstitution

constitution, interim: amendment of; amendment rule in; constitutional assembly and; of CPA; democratic deficit in; enforceability of; in Hungary; IGC work on; in Iraq.; learning advantage of; legitimacy of; for negotiated transition; in Nepal; nonsovereign constitutional assembly and; from November Agreement; permanent constitution and; protection of; ratification of; as regime change; al-Sistani’s rejection of; in South Africa; in Spain. See also Transitional Administrative Law

constitution, permanent: amendment rule of; electoral rule of; federalism in; interim constitution and; ratification power in; regional formation in; TAL making of; Transitional National Assembly making of

constitutional assembly: under Constitutional Court; nonsovereign; as parliament; with préconstitution

Constitutional Commission; deadlock of; electoral rule of; Morrow on; Sunni inclusion in; timetable of

Constitutional Committee, of IGC

constitutional convention; nonsovereign; in November 15 Agreement; rules for; in two-stage process; U.S

Constitutional Court, of Hungary

Constitutional Court, of South Africa

constitutional courts; Galbraith on; of Iraq

constitutionalism: consociationalism and; in constitution making; imposed.; Kelsen and; two-track structure of

constitutional law

constitutional patriotism

Constitutional Preparatory Committee; al-Sistani receptiveness of; U.S. opposition of

Constitutional Review Committee

constitution making; autonomous; consociationalism in; constitutionalism in; by CPA; in Czechoslovakia; delegate elections for; democratic; dictatorship during; drafting process in; in France; future guidelines for; in Germany; Grimm on; by IGC; imposed; inherited legislature in; insurrection and; interim; internationalization of; Iran on; in Iraq; in Japan; in Latin America; legitimacy of; liberation and; minority protection in; new paradigm of; norms of; occupation with; one-stage; as peace treaty; people’s role in; in Poland; postsovereign; rule of change in; rules in; in South Africa; sovereign; in Spain; state and; state building and; state destruction and; TAL; top-down; by Transitional National Assembly; in transitional polity; two constitutions in; two-stage; of U.S

coups d’états

CPA. See Coalition Provisional Authority

Crocker, L.

Czechoslovakia: appointed legislature in; constitution making in; round table of

Da’wa

de-Baathification; economic consequences of

debellatio; Benvenisti on; Kelsen on

Declaration of Friendly Relations

default rule

de Gaulle, Charles

de Mello, Sergio

democracy: Bremer on; constitution making with; CPA-created; electoral beginning to; through force; interim constitution and; Iraqi; Lefort on; legitimacy of; of neoconservatives; in Nepal; new; realism of; regime change of; through revolution; round tables and; as second-best solution; in TAL; theory of; U.S. creation of; wars of

democratic interventions

Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan

democratization: allies from; external; of Germany; internal; in Iraq; of Japan; neoconservatives on

de-Nazification

Diamond, Larry; background of; on Kurdistan; on Pachachi draft; on parliamentary government; on TAL public-relations

dictatorship; Bonapartist; of Bremer; during constitution making; CPA as; defeat of; elections with; as hostility initiator; in Iraq; in Mexico; revolutionary; Schmitt on; in South Korea; sovereign; top-down reform in; tutelary

“Dissolution of Entities,”

Djilas, Milovan

Dobbins, James

Drafting Committee, of IGC; Bremer on; on federalism; Iraq liberals on; Kurds on

Drafting Committee, Pachachi

al-Dulaimi, Adnan

Duverger, Maurice

elections; Brahimi on; delegate; of delegates; dictatorship with; early; human rights and; in Iraq; in Iraqi Council of Representatives; legality of; legitimacy of; in Najaf; from November Agreement; postponement of; from round tables; al-Sistani and

electoral rule

Elster, Jon

Erbil

ethnic federalism; Bremer’s consent to; Istrabadi’s objection to; protection of; U.S. opposition to

ethnicization

ethnic nationalism: of Arabs; in Iraq; of Kurdistan

Fallujah, attacks on

fatwa: Bremer on; first; second

federacy; within federation; of Kurdistan

federalism; fiscal; IGC Drafting Committee on; in India; in Iraq; Kurdistan as; in permanent constitution; Shi’ite-Kurdish bargain on; for Shi’ites; Sunni inclusion in; in TAL. See also ethnic federalism

Federal Supreme Court

federation: enforcement of; federacy within; U.S. Senate resolution on

Feith, Douglas

Feldman, Noah; on army dissolution; on nation building; on Shi’ite Islamists

Fifth French Republic

Finland

formal action theory

four-actor model

Fourth French Republic

France: amendment in; constitution making in; constitution of; legal continuity in; liberation of; Liberation Government of; revolution of; type I constitution making in; type II constitution making in. See also Fifth French Republic; Fourth French Republic; Third Republic National Assembly

Friedrich, Carl J

Fukuyama, Francis

Fundamental Law; amendment of; expiration of; freedoms in; legitimacy of. See also Transitional Administrative Law

Galbraith, Peter; background of; on Barzani; on constitutional courts; on federal courts; international-law argument of; on Kurdistan; nationalism of; on negotiations; on control ofregional oil; on Sunni exclusion; on TAL

Garner, Jay; Bremer and; de-Baathification program of

Geneva Convention

genocide

Germany: autonomous constitution making in; democratization of; Feldman on; Fukuyama on; Hungarian occupation by; legal revolution in; occupation force in; occupation legislation in; religion in; round table of. See also Grundgesetz

“Good Reasons for Going Around the UN” (Slaughter)

Governance Team

government: definition of; interim; parliamentary; rule-of-law; state and; unity

Government of National Unity

Governorate Selection Caucus

Greece

Greenstock, Jeremy

Grimm, Dieter

Grundgesetz; amendment rule of

Habermas, Jürgen

Hague

Hague Convention; on occupation legislation

al-Hakim, Abdul; Bush call to; Shi’ite regional power demand of

al-Hakim, Muhammad Baqir

Hamoudi, Sheik H.

al-Hashimi, Tariq

Hauriou, Maurice

heteronomy

Hintze, Otto

Hitler, Adolph

Hughes, Pat

human rights: elections and; in Iraq; resolution and

Hungary; amendments in; Constitutional Court in; interim constitution in; occupation of; political opposition in; round table in

Hussein, Saddam

identity: of Arabs; constitutional; of Iraq; of Israel; legal

IGC. See Interim Governing Council

IIP. See Iraqi Islamic Party

ILC. See Iraqi Leadership Council

imperialism

inclusiveness

Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq

India; federalism in; government structure in; mixed electoral rule in; nation building in

Indian National Congress

infrastructure

insurrection: constitution making and; occupation and

Interim Governing Council (IGC); caucus role of; Constitutional Committee of; constitution making by; CPA and; dependency of; Drafting Committee of; empowerment of; ethnic quotas in; IIP in; interim constitution work of; Kurdish leaders on; November Agreement and; ratification in; representation in; resolution repeal by; sovereignty of; staffing of; Sunni exclusion from; TAL role of

interim government; Brahimi’s power with; in Iraq; revolution with; TAL and

internationalization: of constitution making; of Iraq occupation; legality of; by UN

Iran: Constitutional Revolution of; influence of; on Iraqi constitution making

Iraq: appointed legislature in; army dissolution in; autonomy of; binationalism in; British in; Bush’s goals in; caucuses of; census in; centralism in; Constituent Assembly of; constitutional court of; constitution making by; constitution of; de-Baathification in; democracy in; democratization in; dictatorship in; dual power in; elections in; electoral rule in; ethnic nationalism in; federalism in; Federal Supreme Court of; flag of; human rights in; identity of; interim constitution in; interim government of; interim legislature in; internal uprisings in; Iran and; Islamization; liberals in; local elections in; Ministry of Planning; nationalism in; nation building in; negotiation in; occupation costs in; occupation of; oil in; parliamentary elections in; parliamentary government in; permanent constitution for; proportional representation in; religious conflict in; round tables and; sovereignty of; state building in; Sunni power in; teachers in; territorial structure of; top-down constitution making in; top-down reform in; two constitutions in; unity government in; violence decentralization in; as voluntary union; women’s rights in

Iraq, U.S. in: compromises of; democratization from; election opposition by; exclusion by; imperialism of; imposition of; internationalization with; legitimacy of; November Agreement and; political exclusion in; removal of; as revolution; Shi’ite fear by; threats of; withdrawal of; WMD justification for

Iraqi Accord Front

Iraqi Communist party

Iraqi Council of Representatives

Iraqi Front for National Dialogue

Iraqi Islamic Party (IIP); in IGC; as proconstitutionalist; ratification compromise of

Iraqi Leadership Council (ILC); representativeness of; Sunni exclusion from

Iraqi List

Iraqi National Dialogue

Iraqis, The

Iraqi Stabilization Group

Iraqi State Law

“Iraq’s Path to Sovereignty,”

Iraq Study Group Report

Islam; in permanent constitution; al-Sistani and; in TAL

Islamists; Shi’ite

Islamization

Israel

Issa, Mijbil

Istrabadi, Feisal; on amendments; on ethnic federalism; on ethnic power sharing

Jaffari, Ibrahim

January Draft

Japan: constitution making in; democratization of; Feldman on; Fukuyama on; imposed constitutionalism in; Meiji constitution of

Jefferson, Thomas

KCL. See Kurdistan Coalition List

Kelsen, Hans; constitutionalism and; constitution definition by; on continuity; on debellatio; on juridical theory of revolution; on legitimacy; on people

Khalilzad, Z; authority of; Shi’ite support of; Sunni inclusion by

Kimmelring, B

Kinzer, S

Kirkuk; Arabization of; constitution vote of; Kurdish rule in; in TAL

Kis, János: on legal continuity; on legitimacy; on regime change; on round tables

Kissinger, Henry

Kitchen; Sunni exclusion from

Kosecki Shoichi

Kosovo

Krauthammer, Charles

KRG. See Kurdistan Regional Government

Kurdistan; autonomy of; Bremer’s negotiation with; Bush letter regarding; Canadian model for; Chandrasekaran on; as confederation; consociationalism for; ethnic nationalism of; federacy of; as federalism; Galbraith on; Iraq and; liberal nationalism of; in permanent constitution; Peshmerga in; proportional representation of; ratification power of; regional power of; Shi’ite deal with; as state; U.S. bargaining with. See also Kirkuk

Kurdistan Chapter; Kirkuk ownership in; Kurdish insistence on; ratification of

Kurdistan Coalition List (KCL)

Kurdistan National Assembly

Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG); in TAL; U.S. opposition to

Kurth, James

Kuwait

language: Arabic; Kurdish

Latin America: constituent assembly in; constitution making in; revolutions in; U.S. change promotion in

Leadership Council

League of Nations

Lefort, Claude

legal continuity: in France; Kis on; legitimacy with; negotiation and; préconstitution with; in revolution; state continuity and

legality; of Ayad Allawi; of amendments; of elections; fictional; international; of Iraq occupation; legitimacy and; of November 15 Agreement; revolutionary breaks in; of round tables; of TAL; from UN

legislature, inherited

legitimacy: Arendt on; of constitution making; democratic; dual; duration and; early elections; of elections; electoral; of Fundamental Law; of indigenous revolutions; of interim constitution; Kelsen on; Kis on; of Kosovo; legal continuity with; legality and; of negotiated transition; in Nepal; of new democracy; normative meaning of; of November 15 Agreement; of occupation; pluralistic; of revolution; of round tables; sociological; of South Africa; of state; of TAL; upstream; of U.S. in Iraq

Lenin, Vladimir; on revolution

“L’exportation de la liberté” (J. Arato)

liberalization

liberation; constitution making and; defeat and; definition of; of France; ideology of; occupation and

Linz, Juan

Luhmann, Niklas

MacArthur, Douglas

Madison, James

Mahdi, Abdel; ratification objection by

majority rules

Makiya, K

al-Maliki, Nuri

Maoists

Martinez, Roman

Massachusetts Convention

McKiernan, David

Meiji constitution

Mexico

Miles, Frederick

minorities

Mithal al-Alusi List

MNF. See Multi National Force

“More Troops for Iraq? Time to Just Say No” (Conetta)

Morrow, Jonathan

Multi National Force (MNF)

al-Mutlah, Saleh

My Year in Iraq (Bremer)

Najaf

National Consultative Assembly

National Ind. Cadres and Elites

nationalism; Arab; binationalism; civic postnationalism; constitutional patriotism and; ethnic; of Galbraith; in Iraq; liberal; republican; of Shi’ites; of Sunnis. See also ethnic nationalism

nation building; Dobbins on; Feldman on; Fukuyama on; historically; regime change and; state building and

“Nation Building and the Failure of Institutional Memory” (Fukuyama)

Nation-Building: Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq (Fukuyama)

negotiated transition; balanced forces in; of eastern central Europe; interim constitution for; Kis on; legitimacy of; moderates in; reform under

negotiation: as balanced force replacement; Galbraith on; in Iraq; Kurdish; legal continuity and; Shi’a House; Shi’ite; for state building; Sunni; in TAL; U.S. force in

neoconservatives: democratic regime change of; on democratization; on regime change; in United States

Nepal; appointed legislature in; democracy in; interim constitution in; interim legislature in; legality in; legitimacy in; representation in

Nineveh

Nixon, Richard

Northern Alliance

Notes on Virginia (Jefferson)

November Agreement; caucuses of; constitutional convention in; CPA in; elections from; IGC and; interim constitution from; legality of; legitimacy of; objections to; SCIRI and; security in; al-Sistani and; sovereignty transfer in; timeline of; as top-down model; UN on; U.S. in Iraq and

occupation: alliances during; belligerent; constitution making with; costs of; duration of; forces needed for; Geneva convention on; Hague Convention on; of Hungary; insurrection and; internationalization of; law of; legality of; legislation during; legitimacy of; liberation and; recognition of; as regime change; as revolution; as state; as state building; in UN Security Council Resolution

Occupation of Iraq, The: Winning the War (Ali Allawi)

oil; regional control of

O’Leary, Brendan; background of; on confederation; on consociationalism; on federacy; liberalism of; on ratification; on TAL

one percent, doctrine of

On Revolution (Arendt)

Organization of Women’s Freedom in Iraq (OWFI)

O’Sullivan, Meghan

Othman, Mahmoud

Overthrow: America’s Century of Regime Change (Kinzer)

OWFI. See Organization of Women’s Freedom in Iraq

Pachachi, Adnan; on ethnic power sharing; KRG and; as nationalist

Pachachi Draft

Pachachi Drafting Committee

Pakistan

parliamentary assembly

peace treaty

Pennsylvania Convention

Perelli, Carina

personal status law

persuasion

Petraeus, David

Philippines

plurality

Poland: constitution making in; political conflicts in

police

polyarchy

Powell, Colin

PR. See proportional representation

préconstitution; constitutional assembly with; legal continuity with

Presidency Council; amendment by; legality of; ratification rights of; al-Sistani’s reaction to

Preuss, Ulrich

privatization

proportional representation (PR); single-district; territorial

protests: against Bremer; of al-Sistani; by women

Przeworski, Adam

publicity; Elster on; of TAL

public-regarding documents

Al-Qaeda. See Al Qaeda

Rabin, Y

Rafidain List

Rand report

ratification; Bremer and; in IGC; IIP compromise on; of interim constitution; of Kurdistan Chapter; Mahdi’s objection to; neutrality of; Sunnis and; in TAL; in Transitional National Assembly

realism: democratic; Nixon doctrine

rebellion

Reconciliation and Liberation Bloc

referenda

reform: under dictatorships; Kis on; under negotiated transition; top-down

regime: definition of; state structure and

regime change; democratic; interim constitution as; Kis on; nation building and; neoconservatives and; transition paths of; U.S. occupation as

regional formation: amendments on; Iraqi Council of Representatives on; in permanent constitution; suspension of; in TAL; in Transitional National Assembly

resolution

revolution: Arendt on; civil war and; classical; constitution after; definition of; democracy through; executive power during; externally imposed; of France; in Germany; indigenous; inherited legislature with; interim government with; internal logic of; juridical theory of; Kis on; in Latin America; legal continuity in; legality in; legitimacy of; Lenin on; occupation as; rebellion and; state destruction through; state preservation through; Tilly on; U.S; war and

revolutionary radicalism

Rice, Condoleezza

round tables; Bulgarian; Czechoslovakian; democracy and; elections from; German; Hungarian; inclusiveness of; Iraq and; legality of; legislature and; legitimacy of; new democracy and; rules of; South African

al-Rubaie, Mowaffak

Rumsfeld, Donald

Russia

Sadrists

al-Sadr, Moqtadah

Salih, Barham

Santorum, Rick

Saudi Arabia

Schmitt, Carl; on dictatorship; on revolutions; Verfassungslehre

SCIRI. See Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution

Scowcroft, Brent

secession

Segura, Renata

Shahristani, Hussain

Shari’a

Shi’a House

Shi’ite-Kurdish bargain

Shi’ites; bilateral negotiations of; boycott by; election of; empowerment of; exclusion of; federalism for; Islamists; Khalilzad’s support of; majority rule of; megaregion of; as moderates; nationalism of; on occupation; political empowerment of; regional power demand of; al-Sistani’s moderation of; TAL signing by; U.S. fears of

Siddiq, Irfan

Sieyés, Emmanuel

al-Sistani, Ali Husaini; Brahimi and; Bremer and; on consociationalism; defeats of; elections and; exclusionary politics of; first fatwa by; influences on; interim constitution rejection by; Islam and; leadership of; November 15 Agreement and; Presidency Council and; protests of; referendum call by; second fatwa by; Shi’ite moderation of; TAL legitimacy challenge of; U.S. challenge of

Slaughter, Anne-Marie

Slovenia

South Africa: amendment rule of; consociationalism in; Constitutional Court in; constitution making in; interim constitution in; legitimacy of; political opposition in; proportional representation in; round tables in; Thirty-four Constitutional Principles of

South Korea

sovereign assembly

sovereignty: Cohen on; of CPA; fourth dimension of; IGC; of Iraq; November 15 Agreement transfer of; of state; TAL transfer of; timeline for

Soviet Union: client states of; as enemy; Finland influence of; Hungarian occupation by. See also Russia

Spain; Andean possession of; constitution making in; inherited legislature in; interim constitution in; Law of Reform in; Suarez government in

Stalin, Joseph

state: constitution making and; continuity of; enforcement of; government and; Kurdistan as; legitimacy of; nation-; occupation as; preservation of; regime and; social integration in; sovereignty of

state building: constitution making and; in Iraq; nation building and; negotiation for; by occupation; of TAL

state destruction; constitution making and; by CPA; four dimensions of; through revolution

Stepan, Alfred

Suarez, Adolfo

Sunni Endowments

Sunni National Dialogue Council

Sunnis: boycott by; in Constitutional Commission; exclusion of; in federalism; inclusion of; Iraq power of; nationalism of; negotiation with; ratification and; TAL and; in Transitional National Assembly; U.S. relationship with

Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution (SCIRI); November 15 Agreement and; regional power demand of

Supreme Federal Court. See Federal Supreme Court

Suskind, David

Takayanagi, K

TAL. See Transitional Administrative Law

Talabani, Jalal; Bush letter of; Kurdish inclusion of; politics of

Third Republic National Assembly

Thirty-four Constitutional Principles

Tilly, Charles

Tocqueville, A. de

top-down reform: in dictatorship; in Iraq

Transitional Administrative Law (TAL); abrogation of; Ayad Allawi confirmation of; amendment rule of; amendment to; as American-Kurdish bargain; Arabic language in; bilateral negotiations in; Brahimi on; consociationalism in; constitution making in; CPA sovereignty transfer to; default rule of; democracy in; elections and; exclusion in; federalism in; Galbraith on; IGC role with; interim government and; Islam in; Kirkuk in; KRG in; Kurdish Chapter in; Kurdish ratification in; legality of; legitimacy of; militia in; negotiation in; permanent constitution making from; Peshmerga in; publicity about; ratification in; regional formation in; representation in; rules of change in; Shi’ite signing of; al-Sistani and; state building of; Sunnis and; timetable of; UN on; venues of. See also Drafting Committee, of IGC

Transitional Executive

Transitional Legislature

Transitional National Assembly; amendment in; amendment rule of; candidate requirements in; electoral rule of; majority control of; permanent constitution making by; public participation in; ratification in; regional formation in; restrictions of; Sunnis in

Turkey

Turkmen Front

two-pillars policy

UIA. See United Iraqi Alliance

al-Uloum, Mohammed Bahr

United Iraqi Alliance (UIA); election win of

United Nations (UN): Declaration of Friendly Relations by; election laws by; internationalization by; Iraq intervention by; legality from; on November 15 Agreement; reputation of; Security Council Resolution; Security Council Resolution; Security Council Resolution; Security Council Resolution; Security Council Resolution; on TAL

United States (U.S.): Civil War of; constitution of; constitution making of; democracies created by; elections in; errors by; ethnic federalism opposition of; federation resolution by; KRG opposition of; Latin American change promoted by; neoconservatives in; neutrality of; occupations by; opposition to; revolution of; as superpower

Upholders of the Message, the (al-Risaliyun)

Venezuela

veto power. See ratification

Vienna Convention on Treaties

WAFDI. See Women’s Alliance for a Democratic Iraq

war: civil; defeat in; of democracy; Hintze on; illegal; preemptive; revolution and

War on Terror

Washington Post

weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Weber, Max

Weiler, Joseph

What We Owe Iraq (Feldman)

Wilson, Arnold

WMD. See weapons of mass destruction

Wolfowitz, Paul

women, rights of

Women’s Alliance for a Democratic Iraq (WAFDI)

Yazidi Movement for Reform

Yoo, John

Yugoslavia

Zebari, Hoshyar