INTRODUCTION

To the early Native American people in the area, it would not have held any great significance. It was more an area to go through to engage in commerce with neighboring tribes or to hunt the deer and other animals that were plentiful in the woods, drawn there by the nearby freshwater ponds. That was the land that became the village of Glendale, a study in contrasts; a playground for early residents of New York City even though it was surrounded by cemeteries.

There is no record of any Native American settlements on the land that actually became Glendale, while the surrounding towns of Ridgewood and Maspeth have produced evidence of settlements by the Rockaway tribe. The many artifacts discovered from that period indicate that there was a large village in an area that was referred to as the Ridgewood Plateau, where it slopes down into nearby Maspeth. A major requirement of those early people would have been a source of freshwater, and the section later known as Fresh Ponds provided this because of the number of freshwater ponds near the village. Other water sources nearby such as Newtown Creek were brackish, and the name Maspeth actually derives from the Indian word for “bad water place.” The informal dividing line between Glendale and Ridgewood is Fresh Pond Road, which takes its name from one of the old Indian trails that crisscrossed the area.

With the arrival of the Dutch settlers in the early 1600s, Europeans began their development of the New York area, and the first settlement was built in 1623. By 1642, the Dutch presence was well established, and a 74,000-acre plot that included Glendale was named Newtown and chartered to the Reverend Francis Doughty by the Dutch West India Company. The colony of New Netherland, which Newtown was part of, remained under Dutch control until the signing of the Treaty of Westminster in 1674. That treaty ended years of hostilities between the Dutch and English and effectively turned over Newtown and the rest of the early colony to England.

Under British rule, the area remained mostly unchanged from the days of Dutch control. Many of the Dutch settlers remained on their land, and the entire Newtown area continued to develop as a rural farming community. Even during periods of conflict in New York between early settlers and local Indian tribes, Newtown was hardly touched and remained a sparsely settled town outside of the main part of New York City. In the early days of the Revolutionary War, except for troop movements through the area, farmers in the area saw little of the war until the Battle of Long Island in 1776. Following that defeat of the Colonial forces, the British occupied Newtown and the surrounding communities to solidify their hold on all of New York City. It was not until 1783, when the new nation won its independence, that the British forces left and life for the Newtown farmers returned to normal.

In the years following the war, there was in influx of German farmers to what would become the Glendale/Ridgewood area, and as in many other parts of the new country, the practice of slavery was prevalent. As the early farms began to change hands and be subdivided, communities began to develop their own identities, and the name Newtown fell out of favor, to be replaced by Greater Ridgewood. Making up this one large community were five individual sections: Ridgewood, Middle Village, Maspeth, Liberty Park, and Fresh Ponds. It was this last section that would later come to be known as Glendale.

As part of a business transaction in 1860, a developer named George C. Schott was given a large amount of land in Fresh Ponds, supposedly as payment for a debt. He renamed it Glendale after his hometown in Ohio, and the name seems to have been widely accepted. Nine years later, a real estate agent named John C. Schooley purchased land adjacent to Schott’s property and named it Glendale as well. Schooley mapped out the land, laid out streets, divided his property into 469 plots measuring 25 feet by 100 feet, and began offering them for sale at $300 each. Glendale always lagged behind the surrounding towns as far as development went. Even as late as 1908, it was known more as a rural farming community than adjacent areas like Ridgewood and Maspeth, which had begun to build more homes and attract industry to bolster their economy.

Much of the land near Glendale remained undeveloped until a law passed by the New York State legislature in 1847 put it in high demand. Under the State Rural Cemeteries Act, cemetery owners were no longer able to establish any new cemeteries in Manhattan. That left large parcels of vacant land in the vicinity of Glendale as an obvious choice, and as they began to purchase and develop large tracts of it, they almost completely surrounded Glendale with the cemeteries that are still seen today. In contrast to the somber note that was struck by all of this cemetery development, much of the remaining undeveloped land in Glendale was turned into parks, picnic areas, and other recreational venues that drew people from Brooklyn and all over New York City. Throughout the end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, Glendale had a reputation as a playground for residents from all of the city’s five boroughs.

Following World War I, the economic base of the area shifted from farming to a variety of industries, which resulted in the construction of a huge industrial complex known as Atlas Terminal. Most of this was demolished in 2004 to make way for an equally massive shopping center called The Shops at Atlas Park. Today, Glendale remains a thriving community of about 80,000 people from many different nationalities besides the German, Irish, and Italian people that figured so prominently in its development. It is approximately six miles from Manhattan, which can mean a 30-minute drive on a good day or a 40-minute subway ride. The golf course at Forest Park, along with outdoor concerts and a more-than-100-year-old carousel, continue to attract visitors to this unusual town that offers the appeal of a rural community along with the convenience of easy access to New York City.