THE ESSENTIALS


If you visit the UK, or perhaps live there, you will want to chat with people, and get to know them better. The more language you have, the more confident in English you will become.

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umbrella

1. blue

2. red

3. green

4. white

5. black

6. yellow

THE BASICS


It is polite to use “Mr/Mrs/Ms” when you are talking to people you don’t know very well. “Mr” is used for all men; “Mrs” is used for a married woman; and “Ms” can be used for any woman, married or not. “Miss” is mainly used for girls.

Hello.

Hi!

Good morning.

Good afternoon.

Good evening.

Good night.

How do you do?

Pleased to meet you.

Goodbye.

Bye!

See you soon.

See you tomorrow.

See you on Saturday.

Have a good day!

Have a good evening!

YOU SHOULD KNOW…


British people often shake hands when they first meet. Friends and relatives usually give each other a hug, or perhaps a kiss on the cheek.

Yes.

No.

I don’t know.

please

Thank you.

No, thanks.

Excuse me.

Sorry?

I’m sorry.

OK!

You’re welcome.

I don’t understand.

YOU SHOULD KNOW…


When someone says “Sorry?” as a question, it means they would like you to repeat what you’ve said.

What’s your name?

My name is…

How old are you?

I’m … (years old).

Where are you from?

Where do you live?

I live in…

I’m from Russia/Turkey.

I’m Russian/Turkish.

YOU SHOULD KNOW…


It is not polite in the UK to ask an adult how old they are.

FRIENDS AND FAMILY


This is my…

These are my…

husband

wife

son

daughter

parents pl

partner

boyfriend

girlfriend

fiancé/fiancée

father

mother

brother

sister

grandparents pl

grandfather

grandmother

grandson

granddaughter

father-in-law

mother-in-law

daughter-in-law

son-in-law

brother-in-law

sister-in-law

stepfather

stepmother

stepbrother

stepsister

stepson

stepdaughter

uncle

aunt

nephew

niece

cousin

friend

baby

child

teenager

Are you married/single?

I’m married/single.

I’m divorced.

I have a partner.

I’m widowed.

Do you have any children?

I have … children.

I don’t have any children.

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GENERAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING


How are you?

How’s it going?

How is he/she?

How are they?

Very well, thanks, and you?

Fine, thanks.

Great!

I’m OK.

Not bad, thanks.

I’m tired.

I’m thirsty.

I’m hungry.

I’m full.

I’m cold.

I’m warm.

I am…

You are…

He/She is…

They/We are…

happy

excited

surprised

angry

sad

worried

afraid

bored

I feel…

You feel…

He/She feels…

They/We feel…

well

better

worse

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WORK


Where do you work?

What do you do?

What’s your occupation?

Do you work/study?

I’m self-employed.

I’m unemployed.

I’m still at school.

I’m at university.

I’m retired.

I’m travelling.

I have my own business.

I work part-/full-time.

I work as a/an…

I’m a/an…

architect

builder

chef

cleaner

dentist

doctor

driver

electrician

engineer

farmer

firefighter

fisherman

IT worker

joiner

journalist

lawyer

mechanic

nurse

office worker

plumber

police officer

postal worker

sailor

salesperson

scientist

soldier

teacher

vet

waiter/waitress

I work at/for/in…

business

company

construction site

factory

government

hospital

hotel

office

restaurant

school

shop

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TIME


morning

afternoon

evening

night

midday

midnight

today

tonight

tomorrow

yesterday

the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday

a.m.

p.m.

What time is it?

It’s nine o’clock.

It’s ten past nine.

It’s quarter past nine.

It’s 25 past nine.

It’s half past nine.

It’s 20 to ten.

It’s quarter to ten.

It’s five to ten.

It’s 17:30.

When…?

… in 60 seconds/two minutes.

… in quarter of an hour/half an hour.

… in an hour.

early

late

soon

later

now

before

after

YOU SHOULD KNOW…


In the UK, people don’t usually use the 24-hour clock to talk about the time.

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DAYS, MONTHS, AND SEASONS


Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday


January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December


spring

summer

autumn

winter


day

weekend

week

fortnight

month

year

daily

weekly

monthly

yearly

on Mondays

every Sunday

last Thursday

next Friday

the week before

the week after

in February

in 2019

in the ’80s

in spring

in winter

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WEATHER


What’s the weather like?

What’s the temperature?

How warm/cold is it?

Is it going to rain?

What a lovely day!

It’s cloudy.

It’s raining.

It’s snowing.

It’s windy.

It is…

nice

horrible

hot

warm

wet

sunny

sun

rain

snow

wind

fog

thunderstorm

cloud

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