This bibliography is a selection of English-language material on the Cultural Revolution published from 1966 to the present. The sources are arranged topically in 14 sections.
The first section, on general works, includes major historical documents, general analyses, and period histories, as well as such reference tools as bibliographies, dictionaries, chronicles, and yearbooks. The sources listed under the next two sections, “Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution” and “CCP Leaders and the Cultural Revolution,” concern the role of the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Cultural Revolution and cover a wide range of topics from Mao’s conception of the Cultural Revolution to the factional conflicts and the subsequent purge at the top level of the party.
By contrast, the next two sections, “Red Guards and Urban Youth Reeducation” and “Rebels, Masses, and Violence,” focus on the various stages of the Cultural Revolution at the grassroots level. Highlighting the phenomenon of the Red Guards and other forms of mass participation in the Cultural Revolution, titles in these sections explore the dynamics of these mass movements, and some of them attempt to explain why and how the mass movements led to a state of nationwide anarchy and violence. The section on “Heterodox Thoughts,” also focusing on the grassroots level of the movement, contains both documents and analyses of the ideas that deviate from official Maoism. These documents and studies reveal, to some extent, the painstaking efforts of China’s younger generation in search of identity and a more democratic society during the years of tight ideological control.
The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) played a complex role during the Cultural Revolution. The titles listed in the section on the army’s participation cover topics such as the functions of the PLA in regional or local government, its control over the mass movements, its conflicts with the party’s ultraleftists, and its vital role in the power struggles of the central government. In addition, some titles here also relate the personal experiences of high-ranking officers.
For overviews of Chinese society in many other aspects, the reader may consult publications included in the sections on “Society and Social Life,” “Education and Intellectuals,” “Arts and Science,” “Foreign Policy and Foreign Relations,” and “Cultural Revolution in the Provinces.” Such peculiar phenomena as the administration of workers propaganda teams, the May 7 Cadre School, the eight model dramas, and the politics of a reevaluation of Confucianism and Legalism are examined by the works in these sections. So are the strategic changes in China’s foreign policy exemplified by the normalization of diplomatic relations with the United States and Japan in the 1970s.
The next section, “Fiction and Memoirs,” includes mostly what has become known as the “literature of the wounded” and the “literature of reflection”—works that came out after 1976 portraying private lives against the broad background of the Cultural Revolution. Some of them, in the form of novels, short stories, films, poems, biographies, and autobiographies, depict at once a disillusioning journey of the individual and that of the nation.
The titles under “Aftermath,” the last section of the bibliography, examine the impact of the Cultural Revolution on contemporary China and on the world at large. Some of them focus on a critical assessment of the Cultural Revolution, and some explore the relationship between the Cultural Revolution and China’s subsequent economic reform in the 1980s and the prodemocracy movement in 1989. One repeated theme found in many works listed in this section is the disillusionment of most Chinese citizens toward their government and toward the ideology of communism.
This bibliography does not include any Internet sources because the value of the existing English sites about the Cultural Revolution is quite limited, and some of them are not stable, either. However, there are a number of reliable and resourceful Chinese-language sites on the Internet; the most useful are the Virtual Museum of the Cultural Revolution at http://museums.cnd.org/cr/, which is a rich database of Cultural Revolution documents, studies, and memoirs, and the Memorial for Victims of the Chinese Cultural Revolution at http://www.chinese-memorial.org/, which includes more than 600 biographies of individuals who were killed or harassed to death during the Cultural Revolution.
Adhikari, G. What do They Want to Achieve by This “Cultural Revolution.” New Delhi: D.P. Sinha, 1966.
Ahn, Byung-joon. “The Cultural Revolution and China’s Search for Political Order.” China Quarterly 58 (1974): 249–285.
Ahn, Byung-joon. Ideology, Policy and Power in Chinese Politics and the Evolution of the Cultural Revolution, 1959–1965. Dissertation. Columbia University, 1972. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1977.
An, Pyong-jun. Chinese Politics and the Cultural Revolution: Dynamics of Policy Processes. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1976.
Armbruster, Frank E., John W Lewis, David Mozingo, and Tang Tsou. China Briefing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Asian Research Centre, ed. The Great Cultural Revolution in China. Hong Kong: Asia Research Centre, 1967; Rutland: Charles E. Tuttle, 1968; Melbourne: Fleshch, 1968.
Asian Research Centre, ed. The Great Power Struggle in China. Hong Kong: Asian Research Centre, 1969.
Austin, Paul Britten. China: The Revolution Continued. Trans. Jan Myrdal and Gun Kessle. New York: Vintage Books, 1972.
Barnouin, Barbara, and Changgen Yu. Ten Years of Turbulence: The Chinese Cultural Revolution. New York: Kegan Paul International, 1993.
Baum, Richard. “Ideology Redivivus.” Problem of Communism 16.3 (1967): 1–11.
Baum, Richard, and Louise B. Bennett, eds. China in Ferment: Perspectives on the Cultural Revolution. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971.
Bennett, Gordon A. “China’s Continuing Revolution: Will It Be Permanent?” Asian Survey 10.1 (1970): 2–17.
Benton, Gregor, and Alan Hunter, eds. Wild Lily, Prairie Fire: China’s Road to Democracy, Yan’an to Tian’anmen, 1942–1989. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Brugger, William. “The Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.” World Today 25.7 (1969): 297–305.
———. China: Radicalism to Revisionism, 1962–1979. London: Croom Helm, 1981.
Buchanan, John Hayward. The Cultural Revolution in China. Thesis. University of Mississippi, 1968.
Carry the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Through to the End. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966.
Chang, Hsin-cheng. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: A Terminological Studies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
Chang, Parris H. Radicals and Radical Ideology in China’s Cultural Revolution. New York: Research Institute on Communist Affairs, Columbia University, 1973.
Chang, Teh-kuang. The Cultural Revolution and the Political Modernization of Communist China: Prepared for Delivery at the 8th World Congress of the International Political Association, Munich, Federal German Republic, August 31-September 5, 1970. N.p.: International Political Science Association, 1970.
Chang, Tony H. China During The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1976: A Selected Bibliography Of English Language Works. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999.
Chen, Lin. The Image of the Cultural Revolution of China. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, 1995.
Chen, Shaoyu (Wang Ming). China: Cultural Revolution or Counterrevolutionary Coup? Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1969.
Chen, Theodore Hsi-en. “A Nation in Agony.” Problems of Communism 15.6 (1966): 14–20.
Chi, Wen-shun. “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in Ideological Perspective.” Asian Survey 9 (1969): 563–579.
———. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in Ideological Perspective. China Series Reprint. C-12. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, 1974.
———. comp. and ed. Readings in the Chinese Communist Cultural Revolution: A Manual for Students of the Chinese Language. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.
China after the Cultural Revolution. 2 vols. Brussels: Universite libre de Bruxelles, 1972.
China after the Cultural Revolution: A Selection from the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. New York: Random House, 1970.
“China in Transition.” Political Quarterly 45.1 (1974): 1–114.
Ching, Shui-hsien. Rifle Rectifies Rifle in Mao’s Cultural Revolution. Taipei: Asian Peoples’ Anti-Communist League, 1969.
Chiou, Chwei Liang. Ideology and Political Power in Mao Tse-tung’s Cultural Revolution, 1965–1968. Dissertation. University of California, Riverside
Chong, Woei Lien. China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: Master Narratives and Post-Mao Counternarratives. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002
Christiansen, Wilbur Norman. The Cultural Revolution in China. Auckland: New Zealand-China Society, 1967.
Chu, Djang. “A Psychological Interpretation of the Chinese Cultural Revolution.” World Affairs 130 (1967): 26–33.
Chu, Godwin C, Philip H. Cheng, and Leonard Chu. The Roles of Tatzepao in the Cultural Revolution: A Structural-Functional Analysis. Carbondale, III.: Southern Illinois University, 1972.
Chu, Wenlin. “An Analysis of the Peiping Regime’s Important Personnel.” Issues and Studies 6.8 (1970): 69–80.
Chui, Chui-liang. Maoism in Action: The Cultural Revolution. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press; New York: Crane, Russak, 1974.
Chung, Hua-min. Cultural Revolution in 1969. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1970.
Circular of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, May 16, 1966: A Great Historical Document. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1967.
Clements, K. P. “A Symbolic Interpretation of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1965–1968.” Political Science 24 (1972): 14–21.
Colleen, Diane Adele. The Genesis and Development of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China from 1953 to 1968. Thesis. Northeastern Illinois State College, 1969.
Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars. China: Inside the People’s Republic. New York: Bantam Books, 1972.
Communiqué of the Enlarged 12th Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Adopted on October 31, 1968). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1968.
Communiqué of the Second Plenary Session of the Ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, September 6, 1970. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1970.
Constitution of the Communist Party of China (Adopted by the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on April 14, 1969). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1969.
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1975.
The Cultural Revolution in China. Calcutta: National Book Agency Private, 1966.
The Cultural Revolution in China: Its Origins and Course. Dehra Dun: EBD, 1968.
D’Avray, Anthony. Red China through Mao’s Long March to the Cultural Revolution: A Phased Historical Case Study in Problem Solving and Decision Making. London: AEM, 1978.
Dai, Shen-Yu. “Peking’s ‘Cultural Revolution,’” Current History 51 (1966): 134–139.
Damien, G. D. “The Dialectical Structure of the Chinese Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” Orbis 14 (1970): 192–217.
Daubier, Jean. A History of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Trans. Richard Seaver. New York: Vintage Books, 1974.
Davis, Raymond M. China’s Cultural Revolution. Albion: Albion College, 1984.
Decision of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party of China Concerning the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Adopted on August 8, 1966). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966.
Decision of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Concerning the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Adopted on August 8, 1966). Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966.
Deliusin, Lev Petrovich. The “Cultural Revolution” in China. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1967.
Deshingkar, Giri D. “Causes of the Cultural Revolution.” China Report 3.1 (1966): 9–12.
Deutscher, Isaac. The Cultural Revolution in China. London: Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, 1967.
Dittmer, Lowell. China’s Continuous Revolution: The Post-Liberation Epoch, 1949–1981. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
———. “Chinese Communist Revisionism in Comparative Perspective.” Studies in Comparative Communism 13.1 (1980): 3–40.
———. “‘Line Struggle’ in Theory and Practice: The Origins of the Cultural Revolution Reconsidered.” China Quarterly 72 (1977): 675–712.
Documents of the First Session of the Fourth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1975.
Documents of the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Hong Kong: Hsinghua News Agency, 1969.
Documents of the Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Hong Kong: Foreign Languages Press, 1973.
Domes, Jurgen. Cultural Revolution in China: Documents and Analysis. Courrier de 1 ‘Extreme-Orient. 6. Brussels: Centre d’etude, du sud-est asiatique et de 1 ‘Extreme–Orient, 1974.
———. “Some Results of the Cultural Revolution in China.” Asian Survey 11 (1971): 932–940.
Dorrill, William F. Power, Policy and Ideology in the Making of China’s “Cultural Revolution.” Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corporation, 1968.
———. et al. China in the Wake of the Cultural Revolution. McLean, Md.: Research Analysis Corporation, 1969.
Doyle, Jean Louise. Conflict Management in the Chinese Cultural Revolution: A Case Study in Political Change. Dissertation. Boston University, 1973. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1973.
Dutt, Gargi, and Vidya P. Dutt. China’s Cultural Revolution. New York: Asian Publishing House, 1970.
Esmein, Jean. The Chinese Cultural Revolution. New York: Anchor Books, 1973; London: Deutsch, 1975.
Fairbank, John King. Mao and the Cultural Revolution: China Scholar John King Fairbank Examines Mao’s Cultural Revolution. Audio cassette. Center for Cassette Studies, 1972. 1 cassette.
Fan, Kuang Huan. The Chinese Cultural Revolution: Selected Documents. New York: Grove Press, 1968.
Feng, Hai. “The Cultural Revolution and the Reconstruction of the Chinese Communist Party.” Asia Quarterly 4 (1972): 303–320.
Friedman, Edward. “Cultural Limits of the Cultural Revolution.” Asian Survey 9.3 (1969): 188–201.
Frolic, B. Michael. “What the Cultural Revolution was All About.” New York Times Magazine, 24 Oct. 1971.
Fu, Zhengyuan. Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Gamberg, Ruth. Marxism and the Cultural Revolution in China: A New Kind of Revolution. New York: Far East Reporter, 1975.
Garver, John W. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: Two Roads to Different Colors. Thesis. Boulder: University of Colorado, 1973.
Germain, Ernest. “The Cultural Revolution: An Attempt at Interpretation.” International Socialist Review 29 (1968): 38–64.
Gittings, John. “The Prospects of the Cultural Revolution in 1969.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 25 (1969): 23–28.
———. “What Was It All About.” Far Eastern Economic Review 20 (Oct. 1969): 36–37.
Goehlert, Robert, ed. The Chinese Cultural Revolution: A Selected Bibliography. Monticello: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.
Goldman, Merle D. “In the Wake of the Cultural Revolution.” Current History 65 (1973): 129–131, 136.
Gray, Jack and Patrick Cavendish. Chinese Communism in Crisis: Maoism and the Cultural Revolution. New York: Praeger, 1968.
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China. Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1966–1969. 10 vols.
Gunawardhana, Theja. China’s Cultural Revolution. Colombo: Colombo Apothecaries’ Company, 1967.
Gupte, R.S. “Mao’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” International Review of History and Political Science 6 (1969): 80–90.
Hah, Chong-do. “The Dynamics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: An Interpretation Based on an Analytical Framework of Political coalition.” World Politics 24 (1972): 182–220.
Harding, Harry, Jr. “China: Toward Revolutionary Pragmatism.” Asian Survey 11.1 (1971): 51–67.
He, Henry Yuhuai. Dictionary of the Political Thought of the People’s Republic of China. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2000.
Heaslet, Juliana Pennington. The Cultural Revolution, 1966–1969: The Failure of Mao’s Revolution in China. Dissertation. University of Colorado, 1971.
Hinton, Harold C., ed. The People’s Republic of China, 1949–1979: A Documentary Survey. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1980. 5 vols.
Hinton, William H. The Cultural Revolution in China. Rec. 3 Dec. 1970. Audiocassette. Pacific Tape Library, 1970. 1 cassette.
———. “Fanshen” Re-examined in the Light of the Cultural Revolution. Boston: New England Free Press, 1969.
———. Turning Point in China: An Essay on Cultural Revolution. New York: Monthly Review, 1972.
Ho, Ping-ti, and Tang Tsou, eds. China’s Heritage and the Communist Political System. China in Crisis. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Hoagland, Amanda Blanchard. The Cultural Revolution in China Thesis. Bowdoin College, 1977.
Hook, Brian. “China’s Cultural Revolution: The Preconditions in Historical Perspective.” World Today (November 1967): 454–464.
———. “The Post-Plenum Development of China’s Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” World Today (November 1966): 467–475.
Hsia, Adrian. The Chinese Cultural Revolution. Trans. Gerald Onn. New York: McGraw-Hill; Seabury Press, 1972.
Hsiao, Gnen T. “The Background and Development for the Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” Asian Survey 7.6 (1967): 383–404.
Hsieh, Chen-Ping. “Another Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” Asian Affairs 1 (1974): 390–401.
Hsiung, James Chieh. Ideology and Practice: The Evolution of Chinese Communism. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
Hsiung, Yin Tso. Red China’s Cultural Revolution. New York: Vantage Press, 1968.
Huberman, Leo and Paul Sweezy. “The Cultural Revolution in China.” Monthly Review 18.8 (1967): 1–17.
———. The Cultural Revolution in China: A Socialist Analysis. Boston: New England Free Press, 1967.
Hunter, Iris. They Made Revolution within the Revolution: The Story of Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Chicago: RCP Publications, 1986.
Hwang, Tien-chien. Analysis of the “Cultural Revolution” of CCP in 1966, 2 vols. Taipei: Asian Peoples’ Anti-Communist League, Republic of China, 1966.
Hwang, Tien-chien. 1967, A Year of Precariousness for Chinese Communists. Taipei: Asian Peoples’ Anti-Communist League, Republic of China, 1968.
Important Documents on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1970.
Joffe, Ellis. “China in Mid-1966: ‘Cultural Revolution’ or Struggle for Power?” China Quarterly 26 (1966): 123–131.
Johnson, Chalmers A. “China: The Cultural Revolution in Structural Perspective.” Asian Survey 8 (1968): 1–15.
———. China: The Cultural Revolution in Structural Perspectives. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, University of California, 1974.
———. “The Two Chinese Revolutions.” China Quarterly 39 (1969): 12–29.
———. ed. Ideology and Politics in Contemporary China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1973.
Jordan, James D. “Political Orientation of the PLA.” Current Scene 11.1 (1973): 1–14.
Joseph, William A. The Critique of Ultra-Leftism in China, 1958–1981. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1984.
Joseph William A., Christine P. W. Wong, and David Zweig, eds. New Perspectives on the Cultural Revolution. Cambridge, Mass.: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1991.
Karol, K. S. The Second Chinese Revolution. Trans. Mervyn Jones. New York: Hill and Wang, 1974.
———. “Why the Cultural Revolution?” Monthly Review 19 (1967): 22–34.
Kay, Gary Winn. An Analysis of China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Thesis. University of Georgia, 1969.
Kirby, E. Stuart. “The Framework of the Crisis in Communist China.” Current Scene 6.2 (1968): 1–10.
Kraljic, John R. An Evaluation of the Cultural Revolution in China. Thesis. Texas A&I University, 1974.
Kwan, Yum K. Estimating Economic Effects of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution in China. Tilburg, Netherlands: Center for Economic Research, Tilburg University, 1995.
Lau, Chi-Shing. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution: China 1965–1976. New Mexico Highlands University, 1980.
Lau, Yee-fui, Hong Wan-yee, and Yeung Saicheung, eds. Glossary of Chinese Political Phrases. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1977.
Lee, Hong Yung. The Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: A Case Study. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Lee, Tsong-Tyan. The Republic of China and “Cultural Revolution “: A Study in the Politics of Culture. Thesis. University of San Francisco, 1983.
Leung, Edwin Pak-wah, ed. Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839–1976. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1992.
Levenson, Joseph Richmond. “Communist China in Time and Space: Roots and Rootlessness.” China Quarterly 39 (1969): 1–11.
———. Revolution and Cosmopolitanism: The Western Stage and the Chinese Stages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.
Li, Kwok-sing. A Glossary of Political Terms of the People’s Republic of China. Trans. Mary Lok. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1995.
Liao, Gailong. “Historical Experiences and Our Road of Development.” Trans. Oi-va Kwan. Issues & Studies 17.10 (1981): 65–94; 17.11 (1981): 81–110; 17.12 (1981): 79–104.
Liao, Kuang-sheng. “Linkage Politics in China: Internal Mobilization and Articulated External Hostility in the Cultural Revolution 1967–1969.” World Politics 28 (1976): 590–610.
———. Internal Mobilization and External Hostility in Communist China, 1949–1962 and 1967–1969. Dissertation. University of Michigan, 1974.
Lieberthal, Kenneth, with James Tong and Sai-cheung Yeung. Central Documents and Politburo Politics in China. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1978.
Lindbeck, John M. H., ed. China: Management of a Revolutionary Society. Seattle: University of Washington, 1971.
Liu, Guokai. A Brief Analysis of the Cultural Revolution. Ed. Anita Chan. Armonk, N.Y., N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1987.
Liu, Judith. Life out of Balance: The Chinese Cultural Revolution and Modernization. Dissertation. University of California, San Diego, 1985.
London, I. D., and T. L. Lee. “Socio/Psycholinguistics of the Cultural Revolution: An Empirical Study.” Psychological Reports 40 (1977): 343–356.
Lowy, George, ed. Documents on Contemporary China, 1949–1975: A Selected Research Collection in Microfiche, 2 vols. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1976.
MacFarquhar, Emily. “China: Mao’s Last Leap.” Economist Brief Booklets (London) 6 (1968): 1–24.
MacFarquhar, Roderick. The Coming of the Cataclysm, 1961–1966. vol. 3 of The Origins of the Cultural Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
———. Contradictions among the People 1956–1957. Vol. 1 of The Origins of the Cultural Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.
———. The Great Leap Forward, 1958–1960. vol. 2 of The Origins of the Cultural Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
MacFarquhar, Roderick, and John King Fairbank, eds. Revolutions within the Chinese Revolution, 1966–1982. Pt. 2 of The People’s Republic. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Mackerras, Colin, and Neale Hunter. China Observed: 1964–1967. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.
Malone, Rupert A. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1966–1968. Thesis. Northeastern Illinois University, 1975.
Man, Chang. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in 1968. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1969.
Marchant, Leslie Ronald. The Turbulent Giant: Communist Theory and Practice in China. Sydney, N.S.W.: Australia and New Zealand Book Co., 1975.
Matsushita, Teruo. “The Great Cultural Revolution and Principle of Law of the Proletarian Dictatorship.” Monthly Review (December 1967): 1–48.
Michael, Franz. “China after the Cultural Revolution: The Unresolved Succession Crisis.” Orbis 17.2 (1973): 315–333.
Milton, Chris. Cultural Revolution in China. Chicago: Students for a Democratic Society, 1969.
Milton, David et al. People’s China: Social Experimentation, Politics Entry into the World Scene 1966 Through 1972. New York: Random House, 1974.
Moses, John Shuster. An Analysis of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Thesis. College of William and Mary, 1970.
Myers, James T., Jurgen Domes, and Erik von Groeling, eds. Chinese Politics: Documents and Analysis. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1986–1995. 4 vols.
National Committee on United States-China Relations. China after the Cultural Revolution. Conversations from Wingspread. R-46. Audiocassette. Johnson Foundation, 1973. 1 cassette.
Nee, Victor, and James Peck, eds. Essays on the Chinese Cultural Revolution. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.
Noumoff, S.J. “China’s Cultural Revolution as a Rectification Movement.” Pacific Affairs 40.3–4 (1967–1968): 221–234.
Oksenberg, Michel et al. “China: Forcing the Revolution to a New Stage.” Asian Survey 7.1 (1967): 1–15.
———. “Communist China: A Quiet Crisis in Revolution.” Asian Survey 6.1 (1966): 1–12.
———. The Cultural Revolution: 1967 in Review. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1968.
———. “The Institutionalization of the Chinese Communist Revolution: The Ladder of Success on the Eve of the Cultural Revolution.” China Quarterly 36 (1968): 61–92.
———. “Political Changes and Their Causes in China, 1949 to 1972,” Political Quarterly 45.1 (1974): 95–114.
Party History Research Centre. History of the Chinese Communist Party: A Chronology of Events, 1919–1990. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1991.
Peng, Shu-tse. Behind China’s Great Cultural Revolution. New York: Merit Publishers, 1967.
Pfeffer, Richard M. “Serving the People and Continuing the Revolution.” China Quarterly 52 (1972): 620–653.
Pietrusza, David. The Chinese Cultural Revolution. San Diego, Calif.: Lucent Books, 1997.
Possony, Stefan Thomas. The Revolution of Madness. Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 1971.
“Reconstruction of the Communist Party.” China News Analysis 6 (1970): 1–7.
Red Guard Newspapers. Japanese. Selections. Tokyo: Rikuetsu, 1980.
Red Guard Publication. 20 vols. Washington, DC: Center for Chinese Research Materials, Association of Research Libraries, 1975–1979. (6).
Red Guard Publication. Supplement 1. 8 vols. Washington, DC: Center for Chinese Research Materials, Association of Research Libraries, 1978. (4).
Red Guard Publication. Supplement 2. 8 vols. Washington, DC: Center for Chinese Research Materials, Association of Research Libraries, 1978.
Resolution on CPC History (1949–1981). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1981.
Robertson, Frank. “China since the Cultural Revolution.” World Survey 44 (1972): 1–16.
Robinson, Joan. “The Cultural Revolution in China.” International Affairs (London) 44.2 (1968): 214–227.
———. The Cultural Revolution in China. Baltimore, Md.: Penguin Books, 1969.
Robinson, Thomas W., ed. The Cultural Revolution in China. Berkeley: University California Press, 1971.
Russell, Maud. The Ongoing Cultural Revolution in China. New York: Far Eastern Reporter, 1968.
———. Some Background on China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Far East Reporter. New York: Maud Russell Publisher, n.d.
Schoenhals, Michael. CCP Central Documents from the Cultural Revolution: Index to an Incomplete Data Base. Stockholm: Center for Pacific Asia Studies at Stockholm University, 1993.
———. ed. China’s Cultural Revolution, 1966–1969: Not a Dinner Party. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
Schwarz, Henry G. “The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.” Orbis 10 (1966): 803–822.
Selden, Mark, with Patti Eggleston, eds. People’s Republic of China: A Documentary History of Revolutionary Changes. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979.
Seybolt, Peter J., ed. Through Chinese Eyes. New York; Praeger, 1974. 2 vols.
Snow, Edgar. The Long Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1973.
Song, Yongyi, et al. eds. The New Collections of the Red Guard Publications: Part II, A Compilation of Red Guard Publications in Beijing Area. Oakton, Md.: Center for Chinese Research Materials (in English and Chinese), 2001. 40 vols.
Song, Yongyi, and Sun Dajin, comps. The Cultural Revolution: A Bibliography, 1966–1996. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University, 1998.
Song, Yongyi, et al. eds. The Chinese Cultural Revolution Database (CD-ROM & Index). Hong Kong: Universities Service Center for China Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Sorich, Richard, ed. Cultural Revolution: Red Guard Translations: Bibliography, Index. vol. 1 of Document on Contemporary China, 1949–1975: A Selected Research Collection in Microfiche. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1976.
Starr, John Bryan. Ideology and Culture: An Introduction to the Dialectic of Contemporary Chinese Politics. New York: Harper and Row, 1973.
Sullivan, Lawrence R. Historical Dictionary of the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1997. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1997.
Teiwes, Frederick C. “Before and After the Cultural Revolution.” China Quarterly 58 (1974): 332–348.
Teng, Chen. Historical Materialism and China’s Great Cultural Revolution. New York: Vantage Press, 2003.
Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China: Documents. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1973.
Thurston, Anne F., and Alan Bickley. China’s Cultural Revolution. Conversations from Wingspread. R-1285. Audiocassette. Johnson Foundation, 1987. 1 cassette.
Tong, Te-kong. The Uncultured Cultural Revolution in China: A Background Survey. New York: Columbia University, 1966.
Trager, Frank N., and William Henderson, eds. Communist China, 1949–1969: A Twenty-Year Appraisal. New York: New York University Press, 1970.
Tsao, James Jhy-yuan. Chinese Communist Cultural Revolution: An Analytical Reappraisal from the Historical Point of View. Dissertation. American University, 1974. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1974.
Tsou, Tang. “The Cultural Revolution, Then and Now.” New York Times, 1 Sept. 1974.
Union Research Institute, ed. CCP Documents of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1969,
Union Research Institute, ed. Documents of Chinese Communist Party Central Committee, Sept. 1956–Apr. 1969, 2 vols. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1971.
Van Voorhis, Richard, ed. China and the Great Cultural Revolution. Tokyo: World Student Christian Federation, 1969.
Varma, S. P. “China’s Cultural Revolution.” Political Science Review 6 (1967): 58–78.
Vermont Academy of Arts and Sciences. Delegation to the People’s Republic of China. Considering the Cultural Revolution. Montpelier, Vt.: The Academy, 1977.
Walder, Andrew George, and Xiaoxia Gong, eds. and trans. China’s Great Terror: New Documentation on the Cultural Revolution. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1993.
Wang, Hsueh-wen. “The Nature and Development of the Great Cultural Revolution.” Issues and Studies 4 (1968): 11–21.
Wang, James C. F. The Cultural Revolution in China: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland Pub., 1976.
Wang, Li. An Insider’s Account of the Cultural Revolution: Wang Li’s Memoirs. Trans. Michael Schoenhals. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1994.
Wang, Li, Yi-Hsueh Chia, and Li Hsin. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1967.
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