LESSON 15

Numerals

The Koreans have two sets of numerals; one of these they borrowed from the Chinese. Up to 99, both sets are used—for 100 and above you use only the Chinese set. The numerals above 10 are usually in combinations of the first ten numerals: 11 is 10-1, 12 is 10-2, 20 (in the Chinese system) is 2-10. (In fact, it’s very rare to hear the pure Korean numbers over 10 used at all, except to refer to ages.) But there are a number of sound changes involved. Some of the native Korean numerals have two shapes: the shortened shape is used only when the numeral is right in front of the word with which you are counting. For example hana means one but one o’clock is han si and one person is han saram:

MEANING

NATIVE NUMERALS

CHINESE NUMERAL
  (ordinary) (shortened)  
1 hana 하나 han il
2 dul du i
3 set se sam
4 net ne sa
     
5

daseot 다섯

o
6

yeoseot 여섯

yuk
7

ilgop 일곱

chil
8

yeodeol(p) 여덟

pal
9

ahop 아홉

gu
10

yeol

sip
11 yeol hana 열하나 yeol han 열한 sip il 십일
12 yeol dul 열둘 yeol du 열두 sip i 십이
13 yeol set 열셋 yeol se 열세 sip sam 십삼
14 yeol net 열넷 yeol ne 열네 sip sa 십사
       
15

yeol daseot 열다섯

sip o 십오
16

yeol yeoseot 열여섯

sim nyuk 십육
17

yeol ilgop 열일곱

sip chil 십칠
18

yeol yeodeol 열여덟

sip pal 십팔
19

yeol ahop 열아홉

sip ku 십구
20

seumul 스물

isip 이십
21 seumul hana seumul han isip il 이십일
    스물하나(한)  
22 seumul dul seumul du isip i 이십이
    스물둘(두)  
23 seumul (s)set seumul (s)se isip sam 이십삼
    스물셋(세)  
24 seumul net seumul ne isip sa 이십사
    스물넷(네)  
25

seumul dasot 스물다섯

isip o 이십오
26

seumul yeoseot 스물여섯

isip yuk (i-sim-nyuk)
      이십육
27

seumul ilgop 스물일곱

isip chil 이십칠
28

seumul yeodeol(p) 스물여덟

isip pal 이십팔
29

seumul ahop 스물아홉

isip ku 이십구
30

seoreun 서른

samsip 삼십
40

maheun 마흔

sasip 사십
50

swin

osip 오십
60

yesun 예순

yuksip 육십
70

ilheun 일흔

chil(s)sip 칠십
80

yeodeun 여든

pal(s)sip 팔십
90

aheun 아흔

gusip 구십
100

baek; il baek 백,일백
200   i baek 이백
300   sam baek 삼백
MEANING NATIVE NUMERALS CHINESE NUMERAL
400   sa baek 사백
500   o baek 오백
600   yuk baek 육백
700   chil baek 칠백
800   pal baek 팔백
900   gu baek 구백
1000   cheon; ilcheon 천,일천
2000   i cheon 이천
3000   sam cheon 삼천
4000   sa cheon 사천
5000   o cheon 오천
6000   yuk cheon 육천
7000   chil cheon 칠천
8000   pal cheon 팔천
9000   gu cheon 구천
10,000   man; il man 만,일만
20,000   i man 이만
30,000   sam man 삼만
100,000   sim man 십만
1,000,000   baek man 백만