LESSON 33
Some Peculiar Verb Types
Verb bases with a basic form ending in p change that form to a u or w (ㅂ changes to ㅜ) in certain forms.
| doum | 도움 | to help |
| dowayo | 도와요 | helps |
| dopji anayo | 돕지 않아요 | doesn’t help |
| dopgo isseoyo | 돕고 있어요 | is helping |
| douseyo | 도우세요 | (someone honored) helps |
| dopko geseyo or dousigo geseyo | (someone honored) is helping | |
| 돕고 계세요 OR 도우시고 계세요 | ||
Here are some of these verbs:
| nuwoyo | 누워요 | lies down |
| swiwoyo | 쉬워요 | is easy |
| eoryeowoyo | 어려워요 | is difficult |
| chuwoyo | 추워요 | is cold |
| kakkawoyo | 가까워요 | is near |
| areumdawoyo | 아름다워요 | is beautiful |
| yeppeoyo | 예뻐요 | is pretty |
| deowoyo | 더워요 | is hot |
| maewoyo | 매워요 | is hot-tasting, spicy |
| bangawoyo | 반가워요 | is glad to meet you |
| gomawoyo | 고마워요 | is grateful |
Most of these verbs correspond to English adjectives; they mean IS something rather than DOES something.
Some verbs ending with ㄷ (pronounced t at the end of a syllable) change that ending to ㄹ (l) in certain forms
| georeo- | to walk |
| 걸어- | |
| georeoyo | walks |
| 걸어요 | |
| geojji anayo | doesn’t walk |
| 걷지 않아요 | |
| geokko isseoyo | is walking |
| 걷고 있어요 | |
| georeuseyo | (someone honored) walks |
| 걸으세요 | |
| geokko geseyo or georeusigo geseyo | (someone honored) is |
| 걷고 계세요 OR 걸으시고 계세요 | walking |
| BASE | CONSONANT BASE | CONSONANT BASE |
| geor- 걸 to walk | deur- 들 to listen | |
| PRESENT | georeoyo 걸어요 | deureoyo 들어요 |
| PAST | georeo-sseoyo 걸었어요 | deureo-sseoyo 들었어요 |
| HON. | georeuseyo 걸으세요 | deureoseyo 들으세요 |
| HON. PAST | georeusye-sseoyo 걸으셨어요 |
deureusyeo-sseoyo 들으셨어요 |
| -JI | geojji 걷지 | deutchi 듣지 |
| GERUND | geokko 걷고 | deutkko 듣고 |
Here are some consonant bases ending in r:
| mur- = to inquire | mureoyo, mutji anayo, mukko |
| 물어요, 묻지 않아요, 묻고 | |
| sir- = to be loaded with | sireoyo, sijji anayo, sikko |
| 실어요, 싣지 않아요, 싣고 | |
| kkaedar- = realize | kkaedarayo, kkaedajji anayo, kkaedakko |
| 깨달아요, 깨닫지 않아요, 깨닫고 |
Gildong i-ga abeoji sori-reul deukko dalyeo wasseoyo.
길동이가 아버지 소리를 듣고 달려 왔어요.
Kildong heard his father’s voice and came running.
Geugeo-seul kkaedajji mot haesseoyo.
그것을 깨닫지 못했어요.
I hadn’t realized that.
Nugu-hante deureosseoyo?
누구한테 들었어요?
Who did you find that out from?
Dowa juseyo.
도와 주세요
Help me.
Nal-i neomu deowoseo jago sipeoyo.
날이 너무 더워서 자고 싶어요.
The weather (day) is too warm, so I want to sleep. The weather is SO warm I want to sleep.
Neomu chuwoseo koteu-reul ibeoya haeyo.
너무 추워서 코트를 입어야 해요.
The weather is so cold. You have to wear an overcoat.
Hangungmal-i swipji anayo.
한국말이 쉽지 않아요.
Korean isn’t easy.
Yeongeo-do eoryeowoyo.
영어도 어려워요.
English is difficult, too.
I eumsik-i neomu maewo seo, mot meok gesseoyo.
이 음식이 너무 매워서, 못 먹겠어요.
This food is so hot-tasting, I can’t eat it.
Mannaseo, cham bangawoyo.
만나서 참 반가워요.
I am very happy to meet you.
Gimssi-hante muleosseoyo.
김씨한테 물었어요.
I asked Mr. Kim.
Botongeneun hakkyoe geodji anayo.
보통에는 학교에 걷지 않아요.
I don’t normally walk to school.